Blocking set

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Spontaneous symmetry breaking, a vacuum Higgs field, a Higgs boson are quantum phenomena. A vacuum Higgs field is responsible for spontaneous symmetry breaking the gauge symmetries of fundamental interactions and provides the Higgs mechanism of generating mass of elementary particles. However, no adequate mathematical model of this Higgs vacuum has been suggested in the framework of quantum gauge theory, though somebody treats it as sui generis a condensate by analogy with that of Cooper pairs in condensed matter physics.

At the same time, classical gauge theory admits comprehensive geometric formulation where gauge fields are represented by connections on principal bundles. In this framework, spontaneous symmetry breaking is characterized as a reduction of the structure group G of a principal bundle PX to its closed subgroup H. By the well-known theorem, such a reduction takes place if and only if there exists a global section h of the quotient bundle P/GX. This section is treated as a classical Higgs field.

A key point is that there exists a composite bundle PP/GX where PP/G is a principal bundle with the structure group H. Then matter fields, possessing an exact symmetry group H, in the presence of classical Higgs fields are described by sections of some composite bundle EP/GX, where EP/G is some associated bundle to PP/G. Herewith, a Lagrangian of these matter fields is gauge invariant only if it factorizes through the vertical covariant differential of some connection on a principal bundle PP/G, but not PX.

An example of a classical Higgs field is a classical gravitational field identified with a pseudo-Riemannian metric on a world manifold X. In the framework of gauge gravitation theory, it is described as a global section of the quotient bundle FX/O(1,3)X where FX is a principal bundle of the tangent frames to X with the structure group GL(4,).

References

  • D. Ivanenko and G. Sardanashvily, The gauge treatment of gravity, Phys. Rep. 94 (1983) 1.
  • A. Trautman, ‘’Differential Geometry for Physicists’’’ (Bibliopolis, Naples, 1984).
  • L. Nikolova and V. Rizov, V. (1984). Geometrical approach to the reduction of gauge theories with spontaneous broken symmetries, Rep. Math. Phys. 20 (1984) 287.
  • M. Keyl, About the geometric structure of symmetry breaking, J. Math. Phys. 32 (1991) 1065.
  • G. Giachetta, L. Mangiarotti and G. Sardanashvily, "Advanced Classical Field Theory", World Scientific, 2009, ISBN 978-981-283-895-7.

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See also