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'''Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time''' (or HEFT) is a heuristic to schedule a set of dependent tasks onto a network of heterogeneous workers taking communication time into account.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Performance-effective and low-complexity task scheduling for heterogeneous computing| last=Topcuoglu|first=Haluk|coauthors=Hariri, Salim Wu, M.|journal=IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems|year=2002|volume=13|issue=3|pages=260–274|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=993206}}</ref>  
For inputs HEFT takes a set of tasks, represented as a [[directed acyclic graph]], a set of workers, the times to execute each task on each worker, and the times to communicate the results from each job to each of its children between each pair of workers. It descends from [[list scheduling]] algorithms.
 
== Algorithm ==
 
HEFT executes in two phases.
 
=== Prioritizing tasks ===
 
In the first phase each task is given a priority. The priority of each task <math>n_i</math> is usually designated to be its "upward rank" which is defined recursively as follows
 
<math> rank_u(n_i) = \overline{w_i} + \max_{n_j \in succ(n_i)} (\overline{c_{i,j}} + rank_u(n_j)) </math>
 
where <math>n_i</math> represents the <math>i^{th}</math> task, <math>\overline{w_i}</math> is an average computation cost of job i among all the workers, <math>succ(n_i)</math> is the set of all jobs that immediately depend on task <math>n_i</math>, and <math>\overline{c_{i,j}}</math> is the average communication cost of the variables transferred between jobs <math>n_i</math> and <math>n_j</math> between all pairs of workers. Note that the computation of <math>rank_u(n_i)</math> depends on the computation of the rank of all its children. The upward rank is meant to represent the expected distance of any task from the end of the computation. For averaged quantities like <math>\overline{w_i}</math> different averages may provide different results.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Zhao|first=Henan|coauthors=Sakellariou, Rizos|title=An experimental investigation into the rank function of the heterogeneous earliest finish time scheduling algorithm|journal=Euro-Par 2003 Parallel Processing|year=2003|pages=189–194|url=http://www.springerlink.com/index/E0L3HQ678JT6N9JR.pdf}}</ref>
 
=== Assigning tasks to workers ===
 
In the second phase tasks are assigned to workers. Now that all tasks are prioritized we consider and schedule each one, starting with the highest priority. The task with the highest priority for which all dependent tasks have finished is scheduled on the worker which will result in the earliest finish time of that task. This finish time depends on the communication time to send all necessary inputs to the worker, the computation time of the task on the worker, and the time when that processor becomes available (it may be busy with another task).
 
== Performance ==
 
HEFT is well respected among heuristic algorithms for this problem. However in complex situations it can easily fail to find the optimal scheduling. HEFT is essentially a greedy algorithm and incapable of making short-term sacrifices for long term benefits.
 
== Code ==
 
A Python implementation of HEFT is available [https://github.com/mrocklin/heft on github]
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
[[Category:Scheduling algorithms]]

Revision as of 16:55, 1 December 2012

Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time (or HEFT) is a heuristic to schedule a set of dependent tasks onto a network of heterogeneous workers taking communication time into account.[1] For inputs HEFT takes a set of tasks, represented as a directed acyclic graph, a set of workers, the times to execute each task on each worker, and the times to communicate the results from each job to each of its children between each pair of workers. It descends from list scheduling algorithms.

Algorithm

HEFT executes in two phases.

Prioritizing tasks

In the first phase each task is given a priority. The priority of each task ni is usually designated to be its "upward rank" which is defined recursively as follows

ranku(ni)=wi‾+maxnj∈succ(ni)(ci,j‾+ranku(nj))

where ni represents the ith task, wi‾ is an average computation cost of job i among all the workers, succ(ni) is the set of all jobs that immediately depend on task ni, and ci,j‾ is the average communication cost of the variables transferred between jobs ni and nj between all pairs of workers. Note that the computation of ranku(ni) depends on the computation of the rank of all its children. The upward rank is meant to represent the expected distance of any task from the end of the computation. For averaged quantities like wi‾ different averages may provide different results.[2]

Assigning tasks to workers

In the second phase tasks are assigned to workers. Now that all tasks are prioritized we consider and schedule each one, starting with the highest priority. The task with the highest priority for which all dependent tasks have finished is scheduled on the worker which will result in the earliest finish time of that task. This finish time depends on the communication time to send all necessary inputs to the worker, the computation time of the task on the worker, and the time when that processor becomes available (it may be busy with another task).

Performance

HEFT is well respected among heuristic algorithms for this problem. However in complex situations it can easily fail to find the optimal scheduling. HEFT is essentially a greedy algorithm and incapable of making short-term sacrifices for long term benefits.

Code

A Python implementation of HEFT is available on github

References

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  2. ↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

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    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
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