Pore pressure gradient: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:52, 30 October 2013

The characterization gas collecting tube describes an oblong gas-tight container with one valve at either end. Usually such a container has a gauged volume, has a cylindrical shape and is made of glass. Gas collecting tubes are used for science-related purposes; for taking samples of gases.

Versions

Gas collecting tubes, made of glass, with 2 olives
as above, but with 2 stopcocks with glass plugs, without septum
as above, with septum
with PTFE plug, without septum
as above, with septum

Capacity of gas collecting tubes 150, 250, 350, 500 and 1.000 ml

Measurement of the Mass Density of a Gas - Aspirator Method ^[1]

The mass density of a gas can be measured by using a gas collecting tube, an analytical balance and an aspirator. The mass and volume of a displaced amount of gas are determined: At atmospheric pressure $p$ , the gas collecting tube is filled with the gas to be investigated and the overall mass $m_{f u l l}$ is measured. Then the aspirator sucks out much of the gas yielding a second overall mass $m_{s u c k e d}$ measurement. (The difference of masses represents the mass ( $m = m_{f u l l} - m_{s u c k e d}$ ) of the extracted amount of gas.) Finally, the nearly evacuated gas collecting tube is allowed to suck in an outgassed liquid, usually previously heated water, which is offered under atmospheric pressure $p$ . The gas collecting tube is weighed for a third and last time containing the liquid yielding the value $m_{c o n t a i n i n g l i q u i d}$ . (The difference of masses of the nearly evacuated tube and the liquid-containing tube gives the mass ( $m_{l i q u i d} = m_{c o n t a i n i n g l i q u i d} - m_{s u c k e d}$ ) of the sucked-in liquid, that took the place of the extracted amount of gas.) The given mass-density $ρ_{l i q u i d}$ of the liquid permits to calculate the displaced volume ( $V = m_{l i q u i d} / ρ_{l i q u i d}$ ). Thus giving mass $m$ and volume $V$ of the extracted amount of gas, consequently accessing its mass density ( $ρ = \frac{m}{V}$ ) under atmospheric pressure

Measurement of the Mass Density of a Gas - Two Fluid Method

The mass density of a fluid can be measured by using a gas collecting tube, an analytical balance and two other fluids of known mass densities, preferably a gas and a liquid (with mass densities $ρ_{g a s}$ , $ρ_{l i q u i d}$ ). Overview: First, mass measurements get the volume $V$ and the evacuated mass $m_{e v a c t u b e}$ of the gas collecting tube; secondly, these two are used to measure and calculate the mass-density $ρ$ of the investigated fluid.

Fill the gas collecting tube with one of those fluids of given mass density and measure the overall mass, do the same with the second one giving the two mass values $m_{f u l l g a s}$ , $m_{f u l l l i q u i d}$ . Consequently for those two fluids, the definition of mass density can be rewritten:

ρ_{g a s} = \frac{m_{f u l l g a s} - m_{e v a c t u b e}}{V}

ρ_{l i q u i d} = \frac{m_{f u l l l i q u i d} - m_{e v a c t u b e}}{V}

These two equations with two unknowns $m_{e v a c t u b e}$ and $V$ can be solved by using elementary algebra:

V = \frac{m_{f u l l l i q u i d} - m_{f u l l g a s}}{ρ_{l i q u i d} - ρ_{g a s}}

m_{e v a c t u b e} = \frac{ρ_{g a s} \cdot m_{f u l l l i q u i d} - ρ_{l i q u i d} \cdot m_{f u l l g a s}}{ρ_{l i q u i d} - ρ_{g a s}}

(The relative error of the result significantly depends on the relative proportions of the given mass densities and the measured masses.)

Now fill the gas collecting tube with the fluid to be investigated. Measure the overall mass $m_{f u l l}$ to calculate the mass of the fluid inside the tube $m = m_{f u l l} - m_{e v a c t u b e}$ yielding the desired mass density $ρ = \frac{m}{V}$ .

Molar Mass from the Mass Density of a Gas

If the gas is a pure gaseous chemical substance (and not a mixture), with the mass density $ρ = \frac{m}{V}$ , then using the ideal gas law permits to calculate the molar mass $M$ of the gaseous chemical substance: $M = \frac{m \cdot R \cdot T}{p \cdot V}$ ( $R$ represents the universal gas constant, $T$ the absolute temperature at which the measurements took place)

References

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

External links

Source of the notion "gas collecting tube", among others [1]

↑ Physikalische Chemie, Kaiser, Hennig, Verlag Dr. Max Gehlen, Bad Homburg, 1983, Seite 140 (in German)

[1] Physikalische Chemie, Kaiser, Hennig, Verlag Dr. Max Gehlen, Bad Homburg, 1983, Seite 140 (in German)

[1]

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+{{Multiple issues|
+{{cleanup|date=February 2011}}
+{{refimprove|date=February 2011}}
+}}
+The characterization  '''gas collecting tube''' describes  an [[rectangle|oblong]] [[gas-tight]] container with one [[valve]] at either end. Usually such a container has a [[gauge (engineering)|gauge]]d [[volume]], has a cylindrical [[shape]] and is made of [[glass]]. Gas collecting tubes are used for science-related purposes; for taking samples of gases.
+'''Versions'''
+* Gas collecting tubes, made of glass, with 2 olives
+* as above, but with 2 [[stopcock]]s with glass plugs, without septum
+* as above, with septum
+* with [[PTFE]] plug, without septum
+* as above, with septum
+''Capacity'' of gas collecting tubes 150, 250, 350, 500 and 1.000 ml
+==Measurement of the Mass Density of a Gas - Aspirator Method <ref>Physikalische Chemie, Kaiser, Hennig, Verlag Dr. Max Gehlen, Bad Homburg, 1983, Seite 140 (in German)</ref>==
+The [[mass density]] of a [[gas]] can be measured by using a gas collecting tube, an [[analytical balance]]  and an [[aspirator]].  The mass and volume of a displaced amount of gas are determined: At atmospheric pressure <math>p</math>, the gas collecting tube is filled with the gas to be investigated and the overall mass  <math>m_{full}</math> is measured. Then the aspirator sucks out much of  the gas yielding a second overall mass <math>m_{sucked}</math> measurement. (The difference of masses represents the mass (<math>m=m_{full}-m_{sucked}</math>) of the extracted amount of gas.) Finally, the nearly evacuated gas collecting tube is allowed to suck in an outgassed liquid, usually previously heated water, which is offered under atmospheric pressure <math>p</math>. The gas collecting tube is weighed for a third and last time containing the liquid yielding the value <math>m_{containing liquid}</math>. (The difference of masses of the nearly evacuated tube and the liquid-containing tube gives the mass (<math>m_{liquid}=m_{containing liquid}-m_{sucked}</math>) of the sucked-in  liquid, that took the place of the extracted amount of gas.) The given mass-density <math>\rho_{liquid}</math> of the liquid permits to calculate the displaced volume (<math>V=m_{liquid}/\rho_{liquid}</math>). Thus giving mass <math>m</math> and volume <math>V</math> of the extracted amount of gas, consequently accessing its [[mass density]] (<math>\rho=\frac{m}{V}</math>) under atmospheric pressure
+== Measurement of the Mass Density of a Gas - Two Fluid Method ==
+The [[mass density]] of a [[fluid]] can be measured by using a gas collecting tube, an [[analytical balance]] and two other fluids of known mass densities, preferably a gas and a liquid (with mass densities <math>\rho_{gas}</math>, <math>\rho_{liquid}</math>). Overview: First, mass measurements get the volume <math>V</math> and the evacuated mass <math>m_{evactube}</math> of  the gas collecting tube; secondly, these two are used to measure and calculate the mass-density <math>\rho</math> of the investigated fluid.
+Fill the gas collecting tube with one of those fluids of given mass density and measure the overall mass, do the same with the second one giving the two mass values <math>m_{fullgas}</math>, <math>m_{fullliquid}</math>. Consequently for those two fluids, the definition of [[mass density]] can be rewritten:
+:<math>\rho_{gas}=\frac{m_{fullgas}-m_{evactube}}{V}\,</math>
+:<math>\rho_{liquid}=\frac{m_{fullliquid}-m_{evactube}}{V}</math>
+These two equations with two unknowns <math>m_{evactube}</math> and <math>V</math> can be solved by using elementary algebra:
+:<math>V=\frac{m_{fullliquid}-m_{fullgas}}{\rho_{liquid}-\rho_{gas}}\,</math>
+:<math>m_{evactube}=\frac{\rho_{gas}\cdot m_{fullliquid}-\rho_{liquid} \cdot m_{fullgas}}{\rho_{liquid}-\rho_{gas}}</math>
+(The relative error of the result significantly depends on the relative proportions of the given mass densities and the measured masses.)
+Now fill the gas collecting tube with the fluid to be investigated. Measure the overall mass <math>m_{full}</math> to calculate the mass of the fluid inside the tube <math>m=m_{full}-m_{evactube}</math> yielding the desired mass density <math>\rho=\frac{m}{V}</math>.
+==Molar Mass from the Mass Density of a Gas==
+If the gas is a pure gaseous [[chemical substance]] (and not a mixture), with the mass density <math>\rho=\frac{m}{V}</math>,  then using the [[ideal gas law]] permits to calculate the [[molar mass]] <math>M</math> of the gaseous chemical substance: <math>M = \frac{ m \cdot R \cdot T }{ p \cdot V}\,</math> (<math>R</math> represents the [[universal gas constant]], <math>T</math> the [[absolute temperature]] at which the measurements took place)
+== References ==
+<!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically -->
+{{Reflist}}
+==External links==
+* Source of the notion "gas collecting tube", among others [http://www.wilmad-labglass.com/group/1264]
+<!---if there is a better source please enter it--->
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Gas Collecting Tube}}
+[[Category:Measuring instruments]]
+[[Category:Laboratory equipment]]
+[[Category:Laboratory glassware]]

Pore pressure gradient: Difference between revisions

en>Semicircle2012

Revision as of 17:52, 30 October 2013

Contents

Measurement of the Mass Density of a Gas - Aspirator Method ^[1]

Measurement of the Mass Density of a Gas - Two Fluid Method

Molar Mass from the Mass Density of a Gas

References

External links

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Pore pressure gradient: Difference between revisions

en>Semicircle2012

Revision as of 17:52, 30 October 2013

Measurement of the Mass Density of a Gas - Aspirator Method [1]

Measurement of the Mass Density of a Gas - Two Fluid Method

Molar Mass from the Mass Density of a Gas

References

External links

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Measurement of the Mass Density of a Gas - Aspirator Method ^[1]