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| [[File:Gliomatosis cerebri2.jpg|thumb|Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI image demonstrating tumor-related infiltration involving lenticular nuclei (Arrow).]]
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| [[File:Gliomatosis cerebri.jpg|thumb|Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI image demonstrating tumor-related infiltration involving both temporal lobes (Short arrow), and the substantia nigra (Long arrow).]]
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| '''Fluid attenuated inversion recovery''' (FLAIR) is a [[pulse sequence]] used in [[magnetic resonance imaging]] which was invented by Dr. [[Graeme Bydder]]. FLAIR can be used with both three dimensional imaging ('''3D FLAIR''') or two dimensional imaging ('''2D FLAIR'''). | |
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| The pulse sequence is an [[inversion recovery]] technique that nulls fluids. For example, it can be used in brain imaging to suppress [[cerebrospinal fluid]] (CSF) effects on the image, so as to bring out the periventricular hyperintense lesions, such as [[multiple sclerosis]] (MS) plaques.<ref>Bakshi R, Ariyaratana S, Benedict RH, Jacobs L. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging detects cortical and juxtacortical multiple sclerosis lesions PMID 11346369</ref>
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| By carefully choosing the inversion time (TI), the signal from any particular tissue can be nulled. The appropriate TI depends on the tissue via the formula:
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| :<math>\textrm{TI} = \ln(2) \cdot T_1,\,</math> | |
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| in other words, one should typically use a TI of around 70% of the [[Spin-lattice relaxation time|''T<sub>1</sub>'']] value. In the case of CSF suppression, one aims for [[Spin-spin relaxation time|''T<sub>2</sub>'']] weighted images.
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| ==See also==
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| *[[Relaxation (NMR)]]
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| ==Further reading==
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| *McRobbie D., et al. ''MRI, From picture to proton.'' 2003 p.40-42
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| *Hashemi Ray, et al. ''MRI, The Basics'' 2ED. 2004. p.272
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| {{Science-stub}}
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| [[Category:Magnetic resonance imaging]]
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