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| {{see also|SOB (disambiguation)}}
| | By investing in a premium Word - Press theme, you're investing in the future of your website. It is thus, on these grounds that compel various web service provider companies to integrate the same in their packages too. SEO Ultimate - I think this plugin deserves more recognition than it's gotten up till now. 2- Ask for the designs and graphics that will be provided along with the Word - Press theme. You can customize the appearance with PSD to Word - Press conversion ''. <br><br> |
| '''Southampton BASIC System''' ('''SOBS''') was a dialect of the [[BASIC]] programming language developed for and used on [[ICT 1900 series]] computers in the late 60s and early 70s; it was implemented under the [[MINIMOP]] operating system at the [[University of Southampton]].<ref> | |
| {{cite web
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| | last = Rees
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| | first = M.J.
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| | last2 = Oppenheimer
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| | first2 = A.W.
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| | title = SOBS - an incremental BASIC system
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| | work = Software
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| | publisher = Wiley InterScience
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| | date = 21 January 1977
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| | url = http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/113444749/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0
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| | format =
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| | doi = 10.1002/spe.4380070508
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| | accessdate = 18 May 2009
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| }}</ref>
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|
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|
| It was operated from a [[Teletype Corporation|Teletype]] terminal.
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| == Language characteristics ==
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| In common with many early implementations of BASIC, SOBS needed lines to have [[line number]]s, both to allow a user to add new lines to the program in the desired place and also as targets for <code>GOTO</code> and <code>GOSUB</code> statements. A <code>RENUMBER</code> facility was available to allow for sections of the code to be renumbered, by default in increments of 10, to allow more space in the middle of a program.
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| Other than line numbers, all numeric values were represented internally as [[floating point]].
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| === Statements ===
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| The language had relatively few statements by comparison with modern programming languages:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| ! Statement
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| ! Purpose
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| |-
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| | <code>DATA</code>
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| | Stored data for <code>READ</code>ing into variables at runtime
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| |-
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| | <code>DIM ''var''(''size'')...</code>
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| | Dimension an array. One-, two- and three-dimensional arrays were supported.
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| |-
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| | <code>END</code>
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| | Halt execution of the program.
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| |-
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| | <code>FOR ''var''=''start'' TO ''end'' [STEP ''incr'']</code>
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| | Perform a set of statements repeatedly for varying values of ''var''
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| |-
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| | <code>GOSUB ''line''</code>
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| | Call a subroutine at a given line number; flow would return to the next statement when a <code>RETURN</code> was executed.
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| |-
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| | <code>GOTO ''line''</code>
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| | Unconditional branch to a given line number.
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| |-
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| | <code>IF ''expr'' THEN ''line'' [ELSE ''line'']</code>
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| | Conditionally branch. The <code>THEN</code> and <code>ELSE</code> parts could only give line numbers to go to.
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| |-
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| | <code>INPUT ''var''</code>
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| | Prompt the user for input data
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| |-
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| | <code>LET ''var''=''expr''</code>
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| | Assign a value to a variable. Unlike many modern dialects of BASIC, <code>LET</code> was not an optional word.
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| |-
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| | <code>NEXT ''var''</code>
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| | Perform the next iteration of a <code>FOR</code> loop.
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| |-
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| | <code>PRINT</code>
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| | Output to the Teletype
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| |-
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| | <code>READ ''var''...</code>
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| | Read data from <code>DATA</code> statements into variables
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| |-
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| | <code>REM</code>
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| | Short for <code>REM</code>ark, this allowed for a comment to be placed on a line
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| |-
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| | <code>RESTORE [''line'']</code>
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| | Reset the <code>READ</code> pointer in order to re-read <code>DATA</code>
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| |-
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| | <code>RETURN</code>
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| | Return to the line following a <code>GOSUB</code>.
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| |}
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| Note in particular the lack of a <code>WHILE</code>-like statement; <code>FOR</code> was the only looping construct available to programmers.
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| | |
| === Variables ===
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| [[Variable (programming)|Variable]] names for numeric values were either a single letter, or a single letter followed by a single numeric digit, thus allowing for 286 discreet variables in total. Strings were supported; variable names for them had the same restriction but were followed by a pound (<code>£</code>) symbol.
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| | |
| === Functions ===
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| A limited number of numeric functions were provided, all of which took one numeric parameter:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| ! Function
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| ! Function(<math>x</math>) returned
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| |-
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| | <code>SIN</code>
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| | <math>\sin x</math>
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| |-
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| | <code>COS</code>
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| | <math>\cos x</math>
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| |-
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| | <code>ATN</code>
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| | <math>\arctan x</math>
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| |-
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| | <code>SQR</code>
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| | <math>\sqrt{x}</math>
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| |-
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| | <code>LOG</code>
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| | <math>\log x</math>
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| |-
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| | <code>EXP</code>
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| | <math>e^x</math>
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| |-
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| | <code>INT</code>
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| | The largest integer not greater than <math>x</math>
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| |-
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| | <code>SGN</code>
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| | −1, 0, or 1, depending on whether <math>x</math> was less than, equal to, or greater than zero
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| |-
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| | <code>ABS</code>
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| | <math>-x</math> if <math>x</math> was negative, otherwise <math>x</math>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Support for strings was more limited, with only one function, <code>LEN</code>, which returned the length of the string parameter. Sub-strings were supported with square brackets, so <code>A£[2,3]</code> referred to the sub-string of the string <code>A£</code> from the 2nd character to the 3rd character inclusive, so
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| 10 LET A£ = "FOO"
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| 20 PRINT A£[2,3]
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| would print <code>OO</code>
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| | |
| This syntax was also supported on the left-hand side of an assignment, so
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| 10 LET A£ = "FOO"
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| 20 LET A£[2,2] = "BAR"
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| 30 PRINT A£
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| would print <code>FBARO</code>
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| | |
| === Arrays ===
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| Support for handling arrays of data was relatively strong, with <code>MAT</code> statements able to read an entire array from <code>DATA</code> statements, and perform useful [[matrix (mathematics)|matrix]] operations such as [[matrix addition]], [[matrix subtraction]], [[matrix multiplication]], and finding the [[inverse matrix]] for a [[square matrix]].
| |
| | |
| Example:
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| 10 DIM A(3,3)
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| 20 MAT READ A
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| 30 DATA 1,1,2,1,0,2,0,2,1
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| 40 DIM B(3,3)
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| 50 MAT READ B
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| 60 DATA 0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0
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| 70 DIM C(3,3),D(3,3)
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| 80 MAT C=A*B
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| 90 MAT D=INV(C)
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| 100 MAT PRINT D,
| |
| | |
| {|
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| |<code>A</code> is read from the first <code>DATA</code> statement
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| |<math>\begin{pmatrix}
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| 1 & 1 & 2 \\
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| 1 & 0 & 2 \\
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| 0 & 2 & 1
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| \end{pmatrix}</math>
| |
| |-
| |
| |<code>B</code> is read from the second <code>DATA</code> statement
| |
| |<math>\begin{pmatrix}
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| 0 & 0 & 1 \\
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| 0 & 1 & 0 \\
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| 1 & 0 & 0
| |
| \end{pmatrix}</math>
| |
| |-
| |
| |<code>C</code> is calculated by multiplying <code>A</code> and <code>B</code>
| |
| |<math>\begin{pmatrix}
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| 2 & 1 & 1 \\
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| 2 & 0 & 1 \\
| |
| 1 & 2 & 0
| |
| \end{pmatrix}</math>
| |
| |-
| |
| |<code>D</code> is calculated as the inverse of <code>C</code>
| |
| |<math>\begin{pmatrix}
| |
| 2 & 2 & 1 \\
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| 1 & -1 & 0 \\
| |
| 4 & -3 & -2
| |
| \end{pmatrix}</math>
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| The output would be
| |
| 2 2 1
| |
| 1 -1 0
| |
| 4 -3 -2
| |
| | |
| == Debugging ==
| |
| {{expand section|date=May 2009}}
| |
| SOBS had primitive debugging capabilities, limited mostly to the <code>TRACE</code> statement. <code>TRACE ON</code> would cause the interpreter to print each line number as it was executed.
| |
| | |
| ==References==
| |
| {{Reflist}}
| |
| {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2011}}
| |
| | |
| {{BASIC}}
| |
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Southampton Basic System}}
| |
| [[Category:ICL programming languages]]
| |
| [[Category:BASIC interpreters]]
| |
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