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| {{Infobox enzyme
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| | Name = Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
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| | EC_number = 6.3.5.5
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| | CAS_number = 37233-48-0
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| | IUBMB_EC_number = 6/3/5/5
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| | GO_code =
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| | image =
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| | width =
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| | caption =
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| }}
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| {{protein
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| |Name=carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase
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| |caption=
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| |image=
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| |width=
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| |HGNCid=1424
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| |Symbol=CAD
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| |AltSymbols=
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| |EntrezGene=790
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| |OMIM=114010
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| |RefSeq=NM_004341
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| |UniProt=P27708
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| |PDB=
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| |ECnumber=
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| |Chromosome=2
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| |Arm=p
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| |Band=21
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| |LocusSupplementaryData=
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| }}
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| '''Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II''' ({{EC number|6.3.5.5}}) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reactions that produce [[carbamoyl phosphate]] in the [[cytosol]] (as opposed to type I, which functions in the [[mitochondria]]). It's systemic name is ''hydrogen-carbonate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)''.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Evidence for an activated form of carbon dioxide in the reaction catalysed by <em>Escherichia coli</em> carbamyl phosphate synthetase |author = Anderson, P.M. and Meister, A. |journal = Biochemistry |year = 1965 |volume = 4 |pages = 2803–2809 |pmid = 5326356 |issue=12}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Purification and properties of a bacterial carbamyl phosphate synthetase |author = Kalman, S.M., Duffield, P.H. and Brzozowski, T. |journal = J. Biol. Chem. |year = 1966 |volume = 241 |pages = 1871–1877 |pmid = 5329589 |issue=8}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase. Properties and distribution in normal and neoplastic rat tissues |author = Yip, M.C.M. and Knox, W.E. |journal = J. Biol. Chem. |year = 1970 |volume = 245 |pages = 2199–2204 |pmid = 5442268 |issue=9}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Role of conserved residues within the carboxy phosphate domain of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase |author = Stapleton, M.A., Javid-Majd, F., Harmon, M.F., Hanks, B.A., Grahmann, J.L., Mullins, L.S. and Raushel, F.M. |journal = Biochemistry |year = 1996 |volume = 35 |pages = 14352–14361 |pmid = 8916922 |doi=10.1021/bi961183y}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase: a tunnel runs through it |author = Holden, H.M., Thoden, J.B. and Raushel, F.M. |journal = Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. |year = 1998 |volume = 8 |pages = 679–685 |pmid = 9914247 |issue=6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase: a crooked path from substrates to products |author = Raushel, F.M., Thoden, J.B., Reinhart, G.D. and Holden, H.M. |journal = Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. |year = 1998 |volume = 2 |pages = 624–632 |pmid = 9818189 |issue=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = The amidotransferase family of enzymes: molecular machines for the production and delivery of ammonia |author = Raushel, F.M., Thoden, J.B. and Holden, H.M. |journal = Biochemistry |year = 1999 |volume = 38 |pages = 7891–7899 |pmid = 10387030 |doi=10.1021/bi990871p}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase. Creation of an escape route for ammonia |author = Thoden, J.B., Huang, X., Raushel, F.M. and Holden, H.M. |journal = J. Biol. Chem. |year = 2002 |volume = 277 |pages = 39722–39727 |pmid = 12130656 |doi=10.1074/jbc.M206915200 |issue=42}}</ref>
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| In [[pyrimidine]] biosynthesis, it catalyzes the following reaction:
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| : 2 ATP + L-[[glutamine]] + HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> 2 ADP + [[phosphate]] + L-[[glutamate]] + [[carbamoyl phosphate]] (overall reaction)
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| : (1a) L-glutamine + H<sub>2</sub>O <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> L-glutamate + NH<sub>3</sub>
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| : (1b) 2 ATP + HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> + NH<sub>3</sub> <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> 2 ADP + phosphate + carbamoyl phosphate
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| It is activated by [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]] and [[PRPP]] and it is inhibited by UMP ([[Uridine monophosphate]], the end product of the pyrimidine synthesis pathway).
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| Neither CPSI nor CPSII require [[biotin]] as a coenzyme, as seen with most carboxylation reactions.
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| It is one of the three enzyme functions coded by the [[CAD (gene)|CAD]] gene. It is classified under {{EC number|6.3.5.5}}.
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| == Nomenclature == | |
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| Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) is also known as:
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| * hydrogen-carbonate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)
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| * carbamyl phosphate synthetase (glutamine)
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| * glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase
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| * [[carbamoyl phosphate synthetase]]
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| * CPS
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| * carbon-dioxide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating)
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| == References == | |
| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| * {{MeshName|Carbamoyl-Phosphate+Synthase+(Glutamine-Hydrolyzing)}}
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| {{enzyme-stub}}
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| {{Ligases}}
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| {{Nucleotide metabolism}}
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| {{Multienzyme complexes}}
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| [[Category:EC 6.3.5]]
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