en>Addbot: Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by Wikidata on d:q4533263

2013-03-14T21:11:23Z

Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by Wikidata on d:q4533263

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:11, 14 March 2013
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	~~Marvella~~ is ~~what you can contact her but it'~~s not the ~~most feminine name out there~~. ~~Bookkeeping~~ is ~~her working day job now~~. ~~Doing ceramics~~ is ~~what my family members~~ and I ~~enjoy~~. ~~Puerto Rico is where he's been residing for years~~ and ~~he will never move~~.<br><br>~~My web blog ::~~ [http://~~www~~.~~hotporn123~~.~~com~~/~~blog~~/~~150819 home std test kit~~]		An '''electron donor''' is a chemical entity that donates [[electron]]s to another compound. It is a [[reducing agent]] that, by virtue of its donating electrons, is itself [[oxidize]]d in the process.

			Typical reducing agents undergo permanent chemical alteration through covalent or ionic reaction chemistry. This results in the complete and irreversible transfer of one or more electrons. In many chemical circumstances, however, the transfer of electronic charge to an [[electron acceptor]] may be only fractional, meaning an electron is not completely transferred, but results in an electron resonance between the donor and acceptor. This leads to the formation of [[charge transfer complex]]es in which the components largely retain their chemical identities.

			The electron donating power of a donor molecule is measured by its [[ionization potential]] which is the energy required to remove an electron from the highest occupied [[molecular orbital]].

			The overall energy balance (ΔE), i.e., energy gained or lost, in an electron donor-acceptor transfer is determined by the difference between the acceptor's [[electron affinity]] (A) and the ionization potential (I):
			:<math>{\Delta}E=A-I\,</math>

			In [[chemistry]], the class of electron donors that donate not just one, but a set of two paired electrons that form a [[covalent bond]] with an electron acceptor molecule, is known as a [[Lewis base]]. This phenomenon gives rise to the wide field of [[Lewis acids and bases\|Lewis acid-base]] chemistry.<ref>{{cite book \|title=The Lewis acid-base concepts : an overview \|last=Jensen \|first=W.B.\|year=1980 \|publisher=Wiley \|location=New York \|isbn=0-471-03902-0 }}</ref> The driving forces for electron donor and acceptor behavior in chemistry is based on the concepts of [[electropositivity]] (for donors) and [[electronegativity]] (for acceptors) of atomic or molecular entities.

			== Electron donors in biology ==

			In [[biology]], electron donors release an electron during [[cellular respiration]], resulting in the release of [[energy]]. [[Microorganisms]], such as [[bacteria]], obtain energy in the electron transfer processes. Through its cellular machinery, the microorganism collects the energy for its use. The final result is the electron is donated to an electron acceptor. During this process ([[electron transport chain]]) the electron donor is oxidized and the electron acceptor is reduced. Petroleum [[hydrocarbons]], less [[chlorinated]] solvents like [[vinyl chloride]], soil organic matter, and reduced inorganic compounds are all compounds that can act as electron donors. These reactions are of interest not only because they allow organisms to obtain energy, but also because they are involved in the natural [[biodegradation]] of organic contaminants. When clean-up professionals use monitored natural attenuation to clean up contaminated sites, biodegradation is one of the major contributing processes.

			==See also==
			*[[Semiconductor]]
			*[[Donor (semiconductors)]]

			==References==
			{{reflist}}

			==External links==
			*[http://toxics.usgs.gov/definitions/electron_donor.html Electron donor definition at United States Geological Survey]

			[[Category:Electrochemistry]]

			[[ru:Донор (физика)]]

en>R'n'B: Fix links to disambiguation page Polarization

2010-01-12T20:48:51Z

Fix links to disambiguation page Polarization

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Marvella is what you can contact her but it's not the most feminine name out there. Bookkeeping is her working day job now. Doing ceramics is what my family members and I enjoy. Puerto Rico is where he's been residing for years and he will never move.<br><br>My web blog :: [http://www.hotporn123.com/blog/150819 home std test kit]

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en>Addbot: Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by Wikidata on d:q4533263

en>R'n'B: Fix links to disambiguation page Polarization