Tarjan's strongly connected components algorithm - Revision history

2001:DA8:201:1720:711A:4BC8:C867:B395: improve a confusing statement

2015-01-09T08:41:38Z

improve a confusing statement

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:41, 9 January 2015
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	~~'''Penning ionization''' is a form of [[chemi-ionization]], an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules~~.~~<ref name="pmid17155624">{{cite journal \|~~author=Arango CA, Shapiro M, Brumer P \|title=Cold atomic collisions: coherent control of penning and associative ionization \|journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. \|volume=97 \|issue=19 \|pages=193202 \|year=2006 \|pmid=17155624 \|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.193202 \|bibcode=2006PhRvL..97s3202A\|arxiv = physics/0610131 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17016831">{{cite journal \|author=Hiraoka K, Furuya H, Kambara S, Suzuki S, Hashimoto Y, Takamizawa A \|title=Atmospheric-pressure Penning ionization of aliphatic hydrocarbons \|journal=Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. \|volume=20 \|issue=21 \|pages=3213–22 \|year=2006 \|pmid=17016831 \|doi=10.1002/rcm.2706}}</ref> The process is ~~named after~~ the ~~Dutch physicist [[Frans Michel Penning]] who first reported it in 1927.<ref>Penning, F. M~~. '~~'Die Naturwissenschaften'', 1927, '''15''', 818~~. ~~''Über Ionisation durch metastabile Atome~~.~~''</ref>~~		Greetings. The author's name is Phebe and she feels comfy when individuals use the full name. For years he's been living in North Dakota and his family enjoys it. He used to be unemployed but now he is a meter reader. To do aerobics is a factor that I'm totally addicted to.<br><br>My page ... [http://xn--299ay03byycca57h.kr/zbxe/?document_srl=319947 http://장원고시원.kr/]
	~~The Penning effect~~ is ~~put to practical use in applications such as gas-discharge [[neon lamp]]s and [[fluorescent lamp]]s, where the lamp is filled with~~ a ~~[[Penning mixture]]~~ to ~~improve the electrical characteristics of the lamps~~.

	~~==Reaction==~~
	~~Penning ionization refers to the interaction between a gas-phase excited-state atom or molecule G~~<~~sup~~>*<~~/sup~~> ~~and a target molecule M resulting in the formation of a radical molecular cation M<sup>+~~.</~~sup>, an electron e<sup>−<~~/~~sup>, and a neutral gas molecule G:<ref>{{GoldBookRef\|title=Penning gas mixture\|file= P04476}}</ref>~~

	~~:<math>G^* + M \to M^{+\bullet} + e^~~- ~~+ G</math>~~

	~~Penning ionization occurs when the target molecule has an [[ionization potential]] lower than the internal energy of the excited~~-~~state atom or molecule~~.

	~~==Variants=~~=

	~~[[associative ionization\|Associative]] Penning ionization can also occur:~~

	:~~<math>G^* + M \to MG^{+\bullet} + e^-<~~/~~math>~~

	~~Surface Penning ionization (Auger Deexcitation) refers to the interaction of the excited-state gas with a surface S, resulting in the release of an electron:~~

	~~:<math>G^* + S \to G + S + e^-<~~/~~math>~~

	~~The positive charge symbol <math>S^+<~~/~~math> that would appear to be required for charge conservation is omitted, because S is a macroscopic surface and the loss of one electron has a negligible effect.~~

	~~==See also==~~
	*[[Chemical ionization]]

	~~==References==~~
	~~{{reflist}}~~

	~~[[Category:Ion source]~~]

46.59.6.60: /* Remarks */ A graph may have more nodes than edges, which would give a higher complexity than previously described.

2014-01-07T15:51:59Z

Remarks: A graph may have more nodes than edges, which would give a higher complexity than previously described.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:51, 7 January 2014
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	~~Wilber Berryhill~~ is ~~the~~ name ~~his mothers~~ and ~~fathers gave him and he totally digs that~~ title. The ~~favorite hobby for him and his kids~~ is ~~to play lacross and he'll be beginning something else alongside with~~ it. ~~She functions as a journey agent but quickly she~~'~~ll be on her~~ ~~[http://www~~.~~familysurvivalgroup.com~~/~~easy~~-~~methods~~-~~planting~~-~~looking-backyard~~/ ~~online reader] own. For~~ a ~~while I've been~~ in ~~Mississippi but now I'm contemplating other choices~~.<br><br>~~Also visit my blog post~~ :: ~~tarot [http://alles~~-~~herunterladen.de~~/~~excellent-advice-for-picking-~~the-~~ideal~~-~~hobby~~/ ~~free psychic readings]~~ (~~[http~~://~~Chorokdeul~~.~~Co.kr/index.php?document_srl~~=~~324263&mid~~=~~customer21 related web site~~])		'''Penning ionization''' is a form of [[chemi-ionization]], an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules.<ref name="pmid17155624">{{cite journal \|author=Arango CA, Shapiro M, Brumer P \|title=Cold atomic collisions: coherent control of penning and associative ionization \|journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. \|volume=97 \|issue=19 \|pages=193202 \|year=2006 \|pmid=17155624 \|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.193202 \|bibcode=2006PhRvL..97s3202A\|arxiv = physics/0610131 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17016831">{{cite journal \|author=Hiraoka K, Furuya H, Kambara S, Suzuki S, Hashimoto Y, Takamizawa A \|title=Atmospheric-pressure Penning ionization of aliphatic hydrocarbons \|journal=Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. \|volume=20 \|issue=21 \|pages=3213–22 \|year=2006 \|pmid=17016831 \|doi=10.1002/rcm.2706}}</ref> The process is named after the Dutch physicist [[Frans Michel Penning]] who first reported it in 1927.<ref>Penning, F. M. ''Die Naturwissenschaften'', 1927, '''15''', 818. ''Über Ionisation durch metastabile Atome.''</ref>
			The Penning effect is put to practical use in applications such as gas-discharge [[neon lamp]]s and [[fluorescent lamp]]s, where the lamp is filled with a [[Penning mixture]] to improve the electrical characteristics of the lamps.

			==Reaction==
			Penning ionization refers to the interaction between a gas-phase excited-state atom or molecule G<sup>*</sup> and a target molecule M resulting in the formation of a radical molecular cation M<sup>+.</sup>, an electron e<sup>−</sup>, and a neutral gas molecule G:<ref>{{GoldBookRef\|title=Penning gas mixture\|file= P04476}}</ref>

			:<math>G^* + M \to M^{+\bullet} + e^- + G</math>

			Penning ionization occurs when the target molecule has an [[ionization potential]] lower than the internal energy of the excited-state atom or molecule.

			==Variants==

			[[associative ionization\|Associative]] Penning ionization can also occur:

			:<math>G^* + M \to MG^{+\bullet} + e^-</math>

			Surface Penning ionization (Auger Deexcitation) refers to the interaction of the excited-state gas with a surface S, resulting in the release of an electron:

			:<math>G^* + S \to G + S + e^-</math>

			The positive charge symbol <math>S^+</math> that would appear to be required for charge conservation is omitted, because S is a macroscopic surface and the loss of one electron has a negligible effect.

			==See also==
			*[[Chemical ionization]]

			==References==
			{{reflist}}

			[[Category:Ion source]]

en>Swarnendu.biswas: /* The algorithm in pseudocode */

2012-08-31T14:08:08Z

The algorithm in pseudocode

New page

Wilber Berryhill is the name his mothers and fathers gave him and he totally digs that title. The favorite hobby for him and his kids is to play lacross and he'll be beginning something else alongside with it. She functions as a journey agent but quickly she'll be on her [http://www.familysurvivalgroup.com/easy-methods-planting-looking-backyard/ online reader] own. For a while I've been in Mississippi but now I'm contemplating other choices.<br><br>Also visit my blog post :: tarot [http://alles-herunterladen.de/excellent-advice-for-picking-the-ideal-hobby/ free psychic readings] ([http://Chorokdeul.Co.kr/index.php?document_srl=324263&mid=customer21 related web site])