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		<title>159.237.12.32: /* References */</title>
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		<updated>2014-06-25T16:16:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:16, 25 June 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Antony Valentini&#039;&#039;&#039; is a [[theoretical physics|theoretical]] [[physics|physicist]] and a professor at [[Clemson University]]&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;He &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;known for his work on the foundations of quantum physics.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;smolin-p322-p326&quot;&amp;gt;Lee Smolin: &#039;&#039;The trouble with physics: the rise of string theory, the fall of a science, &lt;/del&gt;and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;what comes next&#039;&#039;, First Mariner book edition 2007, ISBN 978-0-618-55105-7, &lt;/del&gt;[http://&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;books&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;google&lt;/del&gt;.com/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;books&lt;/del&gt;?&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;id&lt;/del&gt;=&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;d6MIUlxY-qwC&amp;amp;pg=PA322 p. 322&lt;/del&gt;] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and [http://books&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;google.com/books?id=d6MIUlxY-qwC&amp;amp;pg=PA326 p. 326]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Let me first start out by introducing myself&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;My identify &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Armando McGinn &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;I &lt;/ins&gt;[http://&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;browse&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Deviantart&lt;/ins&gt;.com/?&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;q&lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;absolutely+dig absolutely dig&lt;/ins&gt;] &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;that title&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;I am &lt;/ins&gt;at &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;this time &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;filing assistant&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Michigan &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;where &lt;/ins&gt;by &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;we have &lt;/ins&gt;been &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;residing &lt;/ins&gt;for &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;several years&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;It really is not &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;prevalent matter but what &lt;/ins&gt;I &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;like accomplishing &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;curling but I&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ve been getting on new issues lately&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;You can come across my website &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/ins&gt;: http://www.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;gremillibrevell&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cat&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;userfiles&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nike&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;air&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;max&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;90&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;00000273&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;php&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;br&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;br&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;My webpage &lt;/ins&gt;... [http://&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;www&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;gremillibrevell&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cat&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;userfiles&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nike&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;air&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;max&lt;/ins&gt;-90-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;00000273&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;php nike air max &lt;/ins&gt;90]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Education and career ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Valentini obtained an undergraduate degree from [[Cambridge University]], then earned his Ph.D. in 1992&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;task=view&amp;amp;id=30&amp;amp;Itemid=72&amp;amp;pi=Antony_Valentini Antony Valentini] &lt;/del&gt;at &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the [[Perimeter Institute]] (downloaded March 4, 2012)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; with [[Dennis Sciama]] at the [[International School for Advanced Studies]] (ISAS) in [[Trieste]], Italy.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;smolin-p322-p326&quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;PhD-thesis&quot;&amp;gt;Antony Valentini: &#039;&#039;On the Pilot-Wave Theory of Classical, Quantum and Subquantum Physics&#039;&#039;, Ph.D. Thesis, ISAS, Trieste 1992&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In 1999, after seven years in Italy, he took up &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;post-doc grant to work at the [[Imperial College]] with [[Lee Smolin]] and [[Christopher Isham]]&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;smolin-p322-p326&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;He currently works at the [[Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics]]. Since February 2011, he &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;professor of physics and astronomy at Clemson University.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.clemson.edu/inside-clemson/article.php?article_id=2093 Clemson University Newcomers], published May 2, 2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Together with [[Mike Towler]], Royal Society research fellow of the University of Cambridge&#039;s [[Cavendish Laboratory]], he organized a conference on the [[De Broglie–Bohm theory|de Broglie-Bohm theory]] the &#039;&#039;Apuan Alps Centre for Physics&#039;&#039; in August 2010, hosted &lt;/del&gt;by &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &#039;&#039;Towler Institute&#039;&#039; located in [[Fabbriche di Vallico|Vallico di Sotto]] in [[Tuscany]], Italy, which is loosely associated with the [[Theory of Condensed Matter group]] of the Cavendish Laboratory.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.vallico.net/tti/tti.html The Towler Institute]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.clemson.edu/ces/physics-astro/documents/newsletter/newsletter-2010-fall.pdf#page=4 21st century directions in de Broglie–Bohm theory and beyond], Clemson University Physics and Astronomy Newsletter, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;5, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;1, 2010&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Among the questions announced for discussion, the organizers included &quot;Why should young people be interested in these ideas, when showing interest in quantum foundations still might harm their careers?&quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://physicsworld.com/cws/event/15126 21st-century directions in de Broglie-Bohm theory and beyond], 2010 event announcement at physicsworld.com&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Work ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Valentini has been working on an extension of the causal interpretation of [[Quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]. This interpretation had &lt;/del&gt;been &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;proposed in conceptual terms in 1927 by [[Louis de Broglie]], was independently re-discovered by [[David Bohm]] who brought it to a complete and systematic form in 1952, and was expanded on by Bohm and [[Basil Hiley|Hiley]]. Emphasizing de Broglie&#039;s contribution, Valentini has consistently referred to the causal interpretation of quantum mechanics underlying his work as the &quot;[[de Broglie–Bohm theory]]&quot;.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;=== Quantum equilibrium, locality and uncertainty ===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In 1991, Valentini provided indications &lt;/del&gt;for &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;deriving the quantum equilibrium hypothesis which states that &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\rho(x,y,z,t)=|\psi(x,y,z,t)|^2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; in the frame work of the [[pilot wave theory]]&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Valentini showed that the relaxation &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\rho(x,y,z,t)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; → &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|\psi(x,y,z,t)|^2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; may be accounted for by &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;H-theorem&#039;&#039; constructed in analogy to the [[H-theorem#Boltzmann&#039;s H theorem|Boltzmann H-theorem]] of statistical mechanics. Valentini showed that his expansion of the De Broglie–Bohm theory would allow &quot;signal [[Quantum nonlocality|nonlocality]]&quot; for [[quantum non-equilibrium|non-equilibrium]] cases in which &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\rho(x,y,z,t)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; ≠&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|\psi(x,y,z,t)|^2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;James T. Cushing: &#039;&#039;Quantum mechanics: historical contingency and the Copenhagen hegemony&#039;&#039;, The University of Chicago Press, 1994, ISBN 0-226-13202-1, [http://books.google.com/books?id=6ohCb1v6jgMC&amp;amp;pg=PA163 p. 163]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Antony Valentini: &#039;&#039;Signal-locality, uncertainty, and the sub-quantum H-theorem, &lt;/del&gt;I&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;, Physics Letters A, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;156, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;5, 1991&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Antony Valentini: &#039;&#039;Hidden variables and the large-scale structure of space-time&#039;&#039;, in: William Lane Craig, Quentin Smith (eds.): &#039;&#039;Einstein, Relativity and Absolute Simultaneity&#039;&#039;, Routledge, 2007, ISBN 978-0-415-70174-7, pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;125–155, [http://books.google.com/books?id=bGEq6l6toUYC&amp;amp;pg=PA126 p. 126]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; According to Valentini, the universe &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fundamentally nonlocal, and quantum theory merely describes a special equilibrium state in which nonlocality is hidden in statistical noise.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;valentini-2002-p270&quot;&amp;gt;Antony Valentini: &lt;/del&gt;&#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;Subquantum information and computation&#039;&#039;, 2002, Pramana Journal of Physics, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;59, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;2, August 2002, p. 269–277, [http://www.ias.ac&lt;/del&gt;.in&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/pramana/v59/p269/fulltext.pdf#page=2 p. 270]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He furthermore showed that an ensemble of particles with &#039;&#039;known&#039;&#039; wave function and &#039;&#039;known&#039;&#039; nonequilibrium distribution could be used to perform, on another system, measurements that violate the [[uncertainty principle]].&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;valentini-2002-p272&quot;&amp;gt;Antony Valentini&lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;Subquantum information and computation&#039;&#039;, 2002, Pramana Journal of Physics, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;59, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;2, August 2002, p. 269–277, [&lt;/del&gt;http://www.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ias&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ac.in&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pramana&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;v59/p269/fulltext.pdf#page=4 p. 272]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In 1992, Valentini extended pilot wave theory to spin&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;1/2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; fields and to gravitation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;James T. Cushing: &#039;&#039;Quantum mechanics: historical contingency and the Copenhagen hegemony&#039;&#039;, The University of Chicago Press, 1994, ISBN 0&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;226&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;13202&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1, [http://books&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;google.com/books?id=6ohCb1v6jgMC&amp;amp;pg=PA270 p. 270]&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/ref&lt;/del&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;=== Background and implications ===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Valentini has been described as an &quot;ardent admirer of de Broglie&quot;. He noted that &quot;de Broglie (rather like Maxwell) emphasized an underlying ‘mechanical’ picture: particles were assumed to be singularities of physical waves in space&quot;.&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ref&lt;/del&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Antony Valentini: &#039;&#039;Pilot-wave theory of fields, gravitation and cosmology&#039;&#039;, in: [[James T&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cushing]], Arthur Fine, Sheldon Goldstein (eds&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;): &#039;&#039;Bohmian mechanics and quantum theory: an appraisal&#039;&#039;, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996, p&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;45–66, &lt;/del&gt;[http://&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;books&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;google&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;com&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;books?id=EFrDTg3ztfEC&amp;amp;pg=PA47 p. 47].&amp;lt;&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ref&amp;gt; He emphasized that de Broglie, with the assistance of [[Erwin Schrödinger]], had constructed pilot wave theory, but later abandoned it in favor of quantum formalism.&amp;lt;ref name=&quot;PhD&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;thesis&quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Valentini&#039;s derivation of the quantum equilibrium hypothesis was criticized by [[Detlef Dürr]] and co&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;workers in 1992, and the derivation of the quantum equilibrium hypothesis has remained a topic of active investigation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Peter J. Riggs: &#039;&#039;Quantum Causality: Conceptual Issues in the Causal Theory of Quantum Mechanics&#039;&#039;, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 23, Springer, 2009, ISBN 978&lt;/del&gt;-90-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;481-2402-2, {{doi|10&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1007/978-&lt;/del&gt;90&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-481-2403-9}}, [http://books.google.com/books?id=-HlOf2RYf3AC&amp;amp;pg=PA76 p. 76]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;Signal [[Quantum nonlocality|nonlocality]]&quot;, which is forbidden in orthodox quantum theory, would allow nonlocal [[quantum entanglement]] to be used as a stand-alone communication channel without the need of a classical [[speed of light|light-speed]] limited [[retarded signal]] to unlock the entangled message from the sender to the receiver. This would be a major revolution in physics and would possibly make the cosmic landscape [[string theory]] Popper falsifiable.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Publications ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;;Book:&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Guido Bacciagaluppi, Antony Valentini: &#039;&#039;Quantum theory at the crossroads: Reconsidering the [[Solvay Conference#Fifth Conference|1927 Solvay Conference]]&#039;&#039;, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-521-81421-8&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;;Articles:&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Antony Valentini, Hans Westman: &#039;&#039;Dynamical origin of quantum probabilities&#039;&#039;, Proceedings of the Royal Society A 8, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;461, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;2053 [http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/461/2053/253.full.pdf p. 253-272], January 2005, {{doi|10.1098/rspa.2004.1394}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Antony Valentini: &#039;&#039;Subquantum information and computation&#039;&#039;, 2002, Pramana Journal of Physics, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;59, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;2, August 2002, [http://www.ias.ac.in/pramana/v59/p269/fulltext.pdf p. 269–277]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Antony Valentini: &#039;&#039;Signal-locality in hidden-variables theories&#039;&#039;, Physics Letters A, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;297, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;5-6, 20 May 2002, p.&amp;amp;nbsp;273-278 [http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/quant-ph/pdf/0106/0106098v2.pdf online from arxiv.org]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Antony Valentini: &#039;&#039;Hidden Variables, Statistical Mechanics and the Early Universe&#039;&#039;, Chance in Physics, Lecture Notes in Physics, Springer 2001, Volume 574/2001, 165-181, {{doi|10.1007/3-540-44966-3_12}} [http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0104067 online from arxiv.org]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Antony Valentini: &#039;&#039;On Galilean and Lorentz invariance in pilot-wave dynamics&#039;&#039;, Physics Letters A, 228, 215–222, 1997 [http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0812/0812.4941v1.pdf online from arxiv.org]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Antony Valentini: &#039;&#039;Pilot-wave theory of fields, gravitation and cosmology&#039;&#039;, in: [[James T. Cushing]], Arthur Fine, Sheldon Goldstein (eds.): &#039;&#039;Bohmian mechanics and quantum theory: an appraisal&#039;&#039;, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996, [http://books.google.com/books?id=EFrDTg3ztfEC&amp;amp;pg=PA45 p. 45–66] (a brief outline by Valentini of his work of 1991-1996 on the de Broglie–Bohm theory)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Antony Valentini: &#039;&#039;On the Pilot-Wave Theory of Classical, Quantum and Subquantum Physics&#039;&#039;, Ph.D. Thesis, ISAS, Trieste 1992&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Antony Valentini: &#039;&#039;Signal-locality, uncertainty, and the sub-quantum H-theorem, II&#039;&#039;, Physics Letters A, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;158, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;1, 1991, [http://siba.unipv.it/fisica/articoli/P/Physics%20Letters%20A_vol.158_1991_p.1-8.pdf p. 1–8]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Antony Valentini: &#039;&#039;Signal-locality, uncertainty, and the sub-quantum H-theorem, I&#039;&#039;, Physics Letters A, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;156, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;5, 1991&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Antony Valentini: &#039;&#039;Resolution of causality violation in the classical radiation reaction&#039;&#039;, Physics Review Letters vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;61, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;17, p.&amp;amp;nbsp;1903–1905, 1988&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== References ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{reflist}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== External links ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;task=view&amp;amp;id=30&amp;amp;Itemid=72&amp;amp;pi=Antony_Valentini Antony Valentini] at the [[Perimeter Institute]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg17423495.100-core-reality.html Cover story] on Antony Valentini in [[New Scientist]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/324/5934/1512.pdf &#039;&#039;Is quantum mechanics tried, true, wildly successful, and wrong?&#039;&#039;], Science magazine, AAAS, 19 June 2009, {{doi|10.1126/science.324_1512}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* James T. Cushing: &#039;&#039;Quantum mechanics: historical contingency and the Copenhagen hegemony&#039;&#039;, therein: &#039;&#039;Appendix 2 Valentini&#039;s H-Theorem&#039;&#039;, The University of Chicago Press, 1994, ISBN 0-226-13202-1, [http://books.google.com/books?id=6ohCb1v6jgMC&amp;amp;pg=PA171 p. 171–173]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Persondata&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| NAME              = Valentini, Antony&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Theoretical physicist&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| DATE OF BIRTH     =&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| PLACE OF BIRTH    =&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| DATE OF DEATH     =&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;| PLACE OF DEATH    =&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:Valentini, Antony}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Living people]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Clemson University faculty]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Theoretical physicists]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Quantum physicists]&lt;/del&gt;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>159.237.12.32</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.formulasearchengine.com/w/index.php?title=Synaptic_augmentation&amp;diff=18874&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>en&gt;John of Reading: Spelling/general fixes, replaced: trasmitter → transmitter, removed orphan tag using AWB (8277)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.formulasearchengine.com/w/index.php?title=Synaptic_augmentation&amp;diff=18874&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2012-08-30T10:05:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Spelling/&lt;a href=&quot;/w/index.php?title=WP:AWB/GF&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;WP:AWB/GF (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;general&lt;/a&gt; fixes, replaced: trasmitter → transmitter, removed orphan tag using &lt;a href=&quot;/w/index.php?title=Testwiki:AWB&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;Testwiki:AWB (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;AWB&lt;/a&gt; (8277)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Antony Valentini&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a [[theoretical physics|theoretical]] [[physics|physicist]] and a professor at [[Clemson University]]. He is known for his work on the foundations of quantum physics.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;smolin-p322-p326&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Lee Smolin: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The trouble with physics: the rise of string theory, the fall of a science, and what comes next&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, First Mariner book edition 2007, ISBN 978-0-618-55105-7, [http://books.google.com/books?id=d6MIUlxY-qwC&amp;amp;pg=PA322 p. 322] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=d6MIUlxY-qwC&amp;amp;pg=PA326 p. 326]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Education and career ==&lt;br /&gt;
Valentini obtained an undergraduate degree from [[Cambridge University]], then earned his Ph.D. in 1992&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;task=view&amp;amp;id=30&amp;amp;Itemid=72&amp;amp;pi=Antony_Valentini Antony Valentini] at the [[Perimeter Institute]] (downloaded March 4, 2012)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; with [[Dennis Sciama]] at the [[International School for Advanced Studies]] (ISAS) in [[Trieste]], Italy.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;smolin-p322-p326&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PhD-thesis&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;On the Pilot-Wave Theory of Classical, Quantum and Subquantum Physics&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Ph.D. Thesis, ISAS, Trieste 1992&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In 1999, after seven years in Italy, he took up a post-doc grant to work at the [[Imperial College]] with [[Lee Smolin]] and [[Christopher Isham]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;smolin-p322-p326&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He currently works at the [[Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics]]. Since February 2011, he is professor of physics and astronomy at Clemson University.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.clemson.edu/inside-clemson/article.php?article_id=2093 Clemson University Newcomers], published May 2, 2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Together with [[Mike Towler]], Royal Society research fellow of the University of Cambridge&amp;#039;s [[Cavendish Laboratory]], he organized a conference on the [[De Broglie–Bohm theory|de Broglie-Bohm theory]] the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Apuan Alps Centre for Physics&amp;#039;&amp;#039; in August 2010, hosted by the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Towler Institute&amp;#039;&amp;#039; located in [[Fabbriche di Vallico|Vallico di Sotto]] in [[Tuscany]], Italy, which is loosely associated with the [[Theory of Condensed Matter group]] of the Cavendish Laboratory.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.vallico.net/tti/tti.html The Towler Institute]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.clemson.edu/ces/physics-astro/documents/newsletter/newsletter-2010-fall.pdf#page=4 21st century directions in de Broglie–Bohm theory and beyond], Clemson University Physics and Astronomy Newsletter, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;5, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;1, 2010&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Among the questions announced for discussion, the organizers included &amp;quot;Why should young people be interested in these ideas, when showing interest in quantum foundations still might harm their careers?&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://physicsworld.com/cws/event/15126 21st-century directions in de Broglie-Bohm theory and beyond], 2010 event announcement at physicsworld.com&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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== Work ==&lt;br /&gt;
Valentini has been working on an extension of the causal interpretation of [[Quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]. This interpretation had been proposed in conceptual terms in 1927 by [[Louis de Broglie]], was independently re-discovered by [[David Bohm]] who brought it to a complete and systematic form in 1952, and was expanded on by Bohm and [[Basil Hiley|Hiley]]. Emphasizing de Broglie&amp;#039;s contribution, Valentini has consistently referred to the causal interpretation of quantum mechanics underlying his work as the &amp;quot;[[de Broglie–Bohm theory]]&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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=== Quantum equilibrium, locality and uncertainty ===&lt;br /&gt;
In 1991, Valentini provided indications for deriving the quantum equilibrium hypothesis which states that &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\rho(x,y,z,t)=|\psi(x,y,z,t)|^2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; in the frame work of the [[pilot wave theory]]. Valentini showed that the relaxation &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\rho(x,y,z,t)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; → &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|\psi(x,y,z,t)|^2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; may be accounted for by a &amp;#039;&amp;#039;H-theorem&amp;#039;&amp;#039; constructed in analogy to the [[H-theorem#Boltzmann&amp;#039;s H theorem|Boltzmann H-theorem]] of statistical mechanics. Valentini showed that his expansion of the De Broglie–Bohm theory would allow &amp;quot;signal [[Quantum nonlocality|nonlocality]]&amp;quot; for [[quantum non-equilibrium|non-equilibrium]] cases in which &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\rho(x,y,z,t)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; ≠&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;|\psi(x,y,z,t)|^2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;James T. Cushing: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Quantum mechanics: historical contingency and the Copenhagen hegemony&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, The University of Chicago Press, 1994, ISBN 0-226-13202-1, [http://books.google.com/books?id=6ohCb1v6jgMC&amp;amp;pg=PA163 p. 163]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Signal-locality, uncertainty, and the sub-quantum H-theorem, I&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Physics Letters A, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;156, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;5, 1991&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hidden variables and the large-scale structure of space-time&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, in: William Lane Craig, Quentin Smith (eds.): &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Einstein, Relativity and Absolute Simultaneity&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Routledge, 2007, ISBN 978-0-415-70174-7, pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;125–155, [http://books.google.com/books?id=bGEq6l6toUYC&amp;amp;pg=PA126 p. 126]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; According to Valentini, the universe is fundamentally nonlocal, and quantum theory merely describes a special equilibrium state in which nonlocality is hidden in statistical noise.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;valentini-2002-p270&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Subquantum information and computation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 2002, Pramana Journal of Physics, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;59, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;2, August 2002, p. 269–277, [http://www.ias.ac.in/pramana/v59/p269/fulltext.pdf#page=2 p. 270]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He furthermore showed that an ensemble of particles with &amp;#039;&amp;#039;known&amp;#039;&amp;#039; wave function and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;known&amp;#039;&amp;#039; nonequilibrium distribution could be used to perform, on another system, measurements that violate the [[uncertainty principle]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;valentini-2002-p272&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Subquantum information and computation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 2002, Pramana Journal of Physics, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;59, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;2, August 2002, p. 269–277, [http://www.ias.ac.in/pramana/v59/p269/fulltext.pdf#page=4 p. 272]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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In 1992, Valentini extended pilot wave theory to spin-&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;1/2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; fields and to gravitation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;James T. Cushing: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Quantum mechanics: historical contingency and the Copenhagen hegemony&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, The University of Chicago Press, 1994, ISBN 0-226-13202-1, [http://books.google.com/books?id=6ohCb1v6jgMC&amp;amp;pg=PA270 p. 270]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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=== Background and implications ===&lt;br /&gt;
Valentini has been described as an &amp;quot;ardent admirer of de Broglie&amp;quot;. He noted that &amp;quot;de Broglie (rather like Maxwell) emphasized an underlying ‘mechanical’ picture: particles were assumed to be singularities of physical waves in space&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pilot-wave theory of fields, gravitation and cosmology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, in: [[James T. Cushing]], Arthur Fine, Sheldon Goldstein (eds.): &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bohmian mechanics and quantum theory: an appraisal&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996, p.&amp;amp;nbsp;45–66, [http://books.google.com/books?id=EFrDTg3ztfEC&amp;amp;pg=PA47 p. 47].&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He emphasized that de Broglie, with the assistance of [[Erwin Schrödinger]], had constructed pilot wave theory, but later abandoned it in favor of quantum formalism.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;PhD-thesis&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Valentini&amp;#039;s derivation of the quantum equilibrium hypothesis was criticized by [[Detlef Dürr]] and co-workers in 1992, and the derivation of the quantum equilibrium hypothesis has remained a topic of active investigation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Peter J. Riggs: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Quantum Causality: Conceptual Issues in the Causal Theory of Quantum Mechanics&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 23, Springer, 2009, ISBN 978-90-481-2402-2, {{doi|10.1007/978-90-481-2403-9}}, [http://books.google.com/books?id=-HlOf2RYf3AC&amp;amp;pg=PA76 p. 76]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Signal [[Quantum nonlocality|nonlocality]]&amp;quot;, which is forbidden in orthodox quantum theory, would allow nonlocal [[quantum entanglement]] to be used as a stand-alone communication channel without the need of a classical [[speed of light|light-speed]] limited [[retarded signal]] to unlock the entangled message from the sender to the receiver. This would be a major revolution in physics and would possibly make the cosmic landscape [[string theory]] Popper falsifiable.&lt;br /&gt;
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== Publications ==&lt;br /&gt;
;Book:&lt;br /&gt;
* Guido Bacciagaluppi, Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Quantum theory at the crossroads: Reconsidering the [[Solvay Conference#Fifth Conference|1927 Solvay Conference]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-521-81421-8&lt;br /&gt;
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;Articles:&lt;br /&gt;
* Antony Valentini, Hans Westman: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Dynamical origin of quantum probabilities&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Proceedings of the Royal Society A 8, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;461, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;2053 [http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/461/2053/253.full.pdf p. 253-272], January 2005, {{doi|10.1098/rspa.2004.1394}}&lt;br /&gt;
* Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Subquantum information and computation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, 2002, Pramana Journal of Physics, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;59, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;2, August 2002, [http://www.ias.ac.in/pramana/v59/p269/fulltext.pdf p. 269–277]&lt;br /&gt;
* Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Signal-locality in hidden-variables theories&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Physics Letters A, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;297, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;5-6, 20 May 2002, p.&amp;amp;nbsp;273-278 [http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/quant-ph/pdf/0106/0106098v2.pdf online from arxiv.org]&lt;br /&gt;
* Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hidden Variables, Statistical Mechanics and the Early Universe&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Chance in Physics, Lecture Notes in Physics, Springer 2001, Volume 574/2001, 165-181, {{doi|10.1007/3-540-44966-3_12}} [http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0104067 online from arxiv.org]&lt;br /&gt;
* Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;On Galilean and Lorentz invariance in pilot-wave dynamics&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Physics Letters A, 228, 215–222, 1997 [http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0812/0812.4941v1.pdf online from arxiv.org]&lt;br /&gt;
* Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pilot-wave theory of fields, gravitation and cosmology&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, in: [[James T. Cushing]], Arthur Fine, Sheldon Goldstein (eds.): &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Bohmian mechanics and quantum theory: an appraisal&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996, [http://books.google.com/books?id=EFrDTg3ztfEC&amp;amp;pg=PA45 p. 45–66] (a brief outline by Valentini of his work of 1991-1996 on the de Broglie–Bohm theory)&lt;br /&gt;
* Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;On the Pilot-Wave Theory of Classical, Quantum and Subquantum Physics&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Ph.D. Thesis, ISAS, Trieste 1992&lt;br /&gt;
* Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Signal-locality, uncertainty, and the sub-quantum H-theorem, II&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Physics Letters A, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;158, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;1, 1991, [http://siba.unipv.it/fisica/articoli/P/Physics%20Letters%20A_vol.158_1991_p.1-8.pdf p. 1–8]&lt;br /&gt;
* Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Signal-locality, uncertainty, and the sub-quantum H-theorem, I&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Physics Letters A, vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;156, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;5, 1991&lt;br /&gt;
* Antony Valentini: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Resolution of causality violation in the classical radiation reaction&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Physics Review Letters vol.&amp;amp;nbsp;61, no.&amp;amp;nbsp;17, p.&amp;amp;nbsp;1903–1905, 1988&lt;br /&gt;
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== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
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== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;task=view&amp;amp;id=30&amp;amp;Itemid=72&amp;amp;pi=Antony_Valentini Antony Valentini] at the [[Perimeter Institute]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg17423495.100-core-reality.html Cover story] on Antony Valentini in [[New Scientist]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/324/5934/1512.pdf &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Is quantum mechanics tried, true, wildly successful, and wrong?&amp;#039;&amp;#039;], Science magazine, AAAS, 19 June 2009, {{doi|10.1126/science.324_1512}}&lt;br /&gt;
* James T. Cushing: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Quantum mechanics: historical contingency and the Copenhagen hegemony&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, therein: &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Appendix 2 Valentini&amp;#039;s H-Theorem&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, The University of Chicago Press, 1994, ISBN 0-226-13202-1, [http://books.google.com/books?id=6ohCb1v6jgMC&amp;amp;pg=PA171 p. 171–173]&lt;br /&gt;
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{{Persondata&lt;br /&gt;
| NAME              = Valentini, Antony&lt;br /&gt;
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =&lt;br /&gt;
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Theoretical physicist&lt;br /&gt;
| DATE OF BIRTH     =&lt;br /&gt;
| PLACE OF BIRTH    =&lt;br /&gt;
| DATE OF DEATH     =&lt;br /&gt;
| PLACE OF DEATH    =&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Valentini, Antony}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Living people]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Clemson University faculty]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Theoretical physicists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Quantum physicists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>en&gt;John of Reading</name></author>
	</entry>
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