en>ChrisGualtieri: Checkwiki 61 + General fixes using AWB

2013-11-17T17:26:00Z

Checkwiki 61 + General fixes using AWB

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:26, 17 November 2013
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	~~Hiya~~ and ~~welcome there~~, ~~I am Adrianne~~ and I ~~totally cannot get enough~~ of ~~that name~~. ~~Vermont has always been simple home and~~ I ~~affection every day living this~~. ~~Gardening is what~~ I ~~do a week~~. I am a ~~people manager but rather soon I'll be~~ on ~~my own~~. ~~You can find my world wide web here~~: http://~~prometeu~~.~~net~~<br><br>~~My web~~-~~site~~ ... [http://~~prometeu~~.~~net Clash~~ of ~~Clans hack tool~~]		[[File:Potential Evaporation in North America Through 2100.ogg\|thumb\|300px\|This animation shows the projected increase in potential evaporation in North America through the year 2100, relative to 1980, based on the combined results of multiple climate models.]]

			'''Potential evaporation''' or '''potential evapotranspiration (PET)''' is defined as the amount of evaporation that would occur if a sufficient water source were available. If the [[evapotranspiration\|actual evapotranspiration]] is considered the net result of atmospheric demand for moisture from a surface and the ability of the surface to supply moisture, then PET is a measure of the demand side. Surface and air temperatures, [[insolation]], and wind all affect this. A dryland is a place where annual potential evaporation exceeds annual precipitation.

			== Estimates of potential evaporation (mm) ==

			=== Thornthwaite equation (1948) ===
			<math>PET = 16 \left(\frac{L}{12}\right)\left(\frac{N}{30}\right)\left(\frac{10\, T_a}{I}\right)^\alpha </math>

			Where

			<math>PET</math> is the estimated potential evapotranspiration (mm/month)

			<math>T_a</math> is the average daily temperature (degrees Celsius; if this is negative, use <math>0</math>) of the month being calculated

			<math>N</math> is the number of days in the month being calculated

			<math>L</math> is the average day length (hours) of the month being calculated

			<math>\alpha = (6.75 \times 10^{-7}) I^3 - (7.71 \times 10^{-5}) I^2 + (1.792 \times 10^{-2}) I + 0.49239</math>

			<math>I = \sum_{i=1}^{12} \left(\frac{T_{ai}}{5}\right)^{1.514}</math> is a heat index which depends on the 12 monthly mean temperatures <math>T_{ai}</math>.<ref name = thornthwaite48>{{Cite journal
			\| doi = 10.2307/210739
			\| last = Thornthwaite
			\| first = C. W.
			\| title = An approach toward a rational classification of climate
			\| journal = Geographical Review
			\| volume = 38
			\| issue = 1
			\| pages = 55–94
			\| year = 1948
			\| url = http://www.unc.edu/courses/2007fall/geog/801/001/www/ET/Thornthwaite48-GeogrRev.pdf
			\| postscript = <!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}
			}}</ref>

			Somewhat modified forms of this equation appear in later publications (1955 and 1957) by Thornthwaite and Mather.
			<ref name = black07>{{Cite journal
			\| last = Black
			\| first = Peter E.
			\| title = Revisiting the Thornthwaite and Mather water balance
			\| journal = Journal of the American Water Resources Association
			\| volume = 43
			\| issue = 6
			\| pages = 1604–1605
			\| year = 2007
			\| url = http://www.watershedhydrology.com/pdf/T&M%20Revisited.pdf
			\| doi = 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00132.x
			\| postscript = <!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}
			}}</ref>

			=== [[Penman equation]] (1948) ===

			=== Penman-Monteith equation (1965) ===

			== See also ==

			* [[Evaporation]]
			* [[Water vapor]]
			* [[Water cycle]]
			* [[Köppen climate classification]]

			==References==
			{{reflist}}
			* {{cite journal \| last = Penman \| first = H.L. \| title = Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil, and grass \| journal = Proc. Roy. Soc. \| location = London, U.K. \| volume = A193 \| issue = 1032 \| pages = 120–145 \| year = 1948 \| doi = 10.1098/rspa.1948.0037 \| bibcode = 1948RSPSA.193..120P }}
			* {{cite book \| last = Brutsaert \| first = W.H. \| title = Evaporation into the Atmosphere: theory, history, and applications \| publisher = D. Reidel \| year = 1982 \| location = Dordrecht, Holland \| isbn = 90-277-1247-6 }}
			* {{cite book \| last = Bonan \| first = Gordon \| title = Ecological Climatology \| publisher = CUP \| year = 2002 \| location = Cambridge, U.K. \| isbn = 978-0-521-80476-0 {{Please check ISBN\|reason=Check digit (0) does not correspond to calculated figure.}}}}

			==External links==
			* [http://ag.arizona.edu/~lmilich/pe.html ag.arizona.edu] Global map of potential evaporation.

			[[Category:Climate]]
			[[Category:Weather]]


			{{climate-stub}}

en>JL-Bot: removing orphan template as not a valid orphan

2012-06-24T20:11:48Z

removing orphan template as not a valid orphan

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Hiya and welcome there, I am Adrianne and I totally cannot get enough of that name. Vermont has always been simple home and I affection every day living this. Gardening is what I do a week. I am a people manager but rather soon I'll be on my own. You can find my world wide web here: http://prometeu.net<br><br>My web-site ... [http://prometeu.net Clash of Clans hack tool]

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en>ChrisGualtieri: Checkwiki 61 + General fixes using AWB

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