Robbins algebra - Revision history

67.252.103.23: /* References */

2014-03-16T16:23:31Z

References

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	In mathematics, a '''rigid analytic space''' is an analogue of a [[complex analytic space]] over a [[nonarchimedean field]]. They were introduced by [[John Tate]] in 1962, as an outgrowth of his work on uniformizing ''p''-adic [[elliptic curve]]s with bad reduction using the [[multiplicative group]]. In contrast to the classical theory of [[p-adic analysis\|''p''-adic analytic manifolds]], rigid analytic spaces admit meaningful notions of analytic [[analytic continuation\|continuation]] and [[connected space\|connectedness]]. However, this comes at the cost of some conceptual complexity.		Hi there. My name is Garland even though it is not the title on my birth certification. Delaware is our birth location. Bottle tops gathering is the only hobby his spouse doesn't approve of. She works as a monetary officer and she will not alter it whenever soon.<br><br>my web site [http://Toilettraders.com/UserProfile/tabid/89/userId/153118/Default.aspx extended car warranty]

	~~==Definitions==~~

	~~The basic rigid analytic object~~ is the ''n''-dimensional unit [[polydisc]], whose [[ring (algebra)\|ring]] of functions is the [[Tate algebra]] ''T<sub>n</sub>'', made of [[power series]] in ''n'' variables whose coefficients approach zero in some complete nonarchimedean field ''k''. The Tate algebra is the completion of the [[polynomial ring]] in ''n'' variables under the [[Gauss norm]] (taking the supremum of coefficients), and the polydisc plays a role analogous to that of [[affine space\|affine ''n''-space]] in [[algebraic geometry]]. Points on the polydisc are defined to be [[maximal ideal]]s in the Tate algebra, and if ''k'' is [[algebraic closure\|algebraically closed]], these correspond to points in ''k<sup>n</sup>'' whose coordinates have size at most one.

	An affinoid algebra is a ''k''-Banach algebra that is isomorphic to a quotient of the Tate algebra by an ideal. An affinoid is then a subset of the unit polydisc on which the elements of this ideal vanish, i.e., it is the ~~set of maximal ideals containing the ideal in question. The [[topology]]~~ on affinoids is subtle, using notions of ''affinoid subdomains'' (which satisfy a universality property with respect to maps of affinoid algebras) and ''admissible open sets'' (which satisfy a finiteness condition for covers by affinoid subdomains). In fact, the admissible opens in an affinoid do not in general endow it with the structure of a [[topological space]], but they do form a [[Grothendieck topology]] (called the ''G''-topology), and this allows one to define good notions of sheaves and gluing of spaces.

	~~A rigid-analytic space over ''k''~~ is ~~a pair <math>(X, \mathcal{O}_X)</math> describing a locally ringed ''G''-topologized space with a sheaf of ''k''-algebras, such that there is a covering by open subspaces isomorphic to affinoids~~. ~~This~~ is ~~analogous to~~ the ~~notion of manifolds being coverable by open subsets isomorphic to euclidean space, or [[scheme (mathematics)\|schemes]] being coverable by affines. Schemes over ''k'~~' can be analytified functorially, much like varieties over the complex numbers can be viewed as complex analytic spaces, and there is an analogous formal GAGA theorem. The analytification functor respects finite limits.

	~~==Other formulations==~~
	~~{{main\|Berkovich space}}~~

	~~Around 1970, [[Michel_Raynaud\|Raynaud]] provided an interpretation~~ of ~~certain rigid analytic spaces as formal models, i.e~~., as generic fibers of formal schemes over the [[valuation ring]] ''R'' of ''k''. In particular, he showed that the category of quasi-compact quasi-separated rigid spaces over ''k'' is equivalent to the localization of the category of quasi-compact admissible formal schemes over ''R'' with respect to admissible formal blow-ups. Here, a formal scheme is admissible if it is coverable by formal spectra of topologically finitely presented ''R'' algebras whose local rings are ''R''-flat.

	Formal models suffer from a problem of uniqueness, since blow-ups allow more than one formal scheme to describe the same rigid space. Huber worked out a theory of ''adic spaces'' to resolve this, by taking a ~~limit over all blow-ups. These spaces are quasi-compact, quasi-separated, and functorial in the rigid space, but lack a lot of nice topological properties.~~

	[[Vladimir Berkovich]] reformulated much of the theory of rigid analytic spaces in the late 1980s, using a generalization of the notion of Gelfand spectrum for commutative unital [[C-algebra\|''C''-algebras]]. The [[Berkovich spectrum]] of a Banach ''k''-algebra ''A'' is the set of multiplicative semi-norms on ''A'' that are bounded with respect to the given norm on ''k'', and it has a topology induced by evaluating these semi-norms on elements of ''A''. Since the topology is pulled back from the real line, Berkovich spectra have many nice properties, such as compactness, path-connectedness, and metrizability. Many ring-theoretic properties are reflected in the topology of spectra, e.g.~~, if ''A'' is Dedekind, then its spectrum is contractible. However, even very basic spaces tend to be unwieldy – the projective line over '''C'''~~<~~sub~~>~~''p''</sub> is a compactification of the inductive limit of affine [[Building (mathematics)\|Bruhat–Tits buildings]] for ''PGL''<sub>2~~<~~/sub~~>~~(''F''), as ''F'' varies over finite extensions of '''Q'''<sub>''p''</sub>, when the buildings are given a suitably coarse topology.~~

	~~==References==~~

	*''Non-Archimedean analysis'' by S. Bosch, U. Güntzer, R. Remmert ISBN 3-540-12546-9
	*Conrad, Brian [http://math.stanford.edu/~conrad/papers/aws.pdf Several approaches to non-archimedean geometry] lecture notes from the [[Arizona Winter School]]
	*''Rigid Analytic Geometry and Its Applications'' (Progress in Mathematics) by Jean Fresnel, Marius van der Put ISBN 0-8176-4206-4
	*{{Citation \| last1=Houzel \| first1=Christian \| title= \| origyear=1995 \| url=http://www.numdam.org/item?id=SB_1966-1968__10__215_0 \| publisher=[[Société Mathématique de France]] \| location=Paris \| series=Séminaire Bourbaki, Exp. No. 327 \| id={{MR\|1610409}} \| year=1966 \| volume=10 \| chapter=Espaces analytiques rigides (d'après R. Kiehl) \| pages=215–235}}
	*{{Citation \| last1=Tate \| first1=John \| author1-link=John Tate \| title=Rigid analytic spaces \| origyear=1962 \| doi=10.1007/BF01403307 \| id={{MR\|0306196}} \| year=1971 \| journal=[[Inventiones Mathematicae]] \| issn=0020-9910 \| volume=12 \| pages=257–289}}
	*[http://~~www.springer~~.com/~~mathematics~~/~~geometry~~/~~book~~/~~978-3-0348-0011-2 Éléments de Géométrie Rigide. Volume I. Construction et étude géométrique des espaces rigides] (Progress in Mathematics 286) by Ahmed Abbes, ISBN 978-3-0348-0011-2~~
	*[[Michel_Raynaud\|M. Raynaud]], ''[http://archive.numdam.org/ARCHIVE/MSMF/~~MSMF_1974__39-40_~~/~~MSMF_1974__39-40__319_0/MSMF_1974__39-40__319_0~~.~~pdf Géométrie analytique rigide d’après Tate, Kiehl,. . . ]'' Table ronde d’analyse non archimidienne, Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. Mém. 39/40 (1974), 319-327.~~

	~~==External links==~~

	*{{eom\|id=Rigid_analytic_space}}
	~~[[Category:Algebraic number theory]~~]

212.93.105.1: /* History */ Minor typo (double word) correction.

2013-08-10T17:33:01Z

History: Minor typo (double word) correction.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:33, 10 August 2013
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	~~Hello friend~~. ~~Let me introduce myself~~. ~~I am Luther Aubrey~~. ~~What she loves doing~~ is to ~~perform croquet~~ but ~~she hasn~~'~~t made~~ a ~~dime~~ with it. ~~Interviewing~~ is ~~what she does~~. ~~Years ago we moved~~ to ~~Kansas.~~<br><br>~~Take~~ a ~~look at my webpage~~ - [http://~~Www~~.~~sharkz~~-~~fifa~~.de~~/index~~.~~php?mod~~=~~users&action~~=~~view&~~id=~~10274 sharkz~~-~~fifa~~.de]		In mathematics, a '''rigid analytic space''' is an analogue of a [[complex analytic space]] over a [[nonarchimedean field]]. They were introduced by [[John Tate]] in 1962, as an outgrowth of his work on uniformizing ''p''-adic [[elliptic curve]]s with bad reduction using the [[multiplicative group]]. In contrast to the classical theory of [[p-adic analysis\|''p''-adic analytic manifolds]], rigid analytic spaces admit meaningful notions of analytic [[analytic continuation\|continuation]] and [[connected space\|connectedness]]. However, this comes at the cost of some conceptual complexity.

			==Definitions==

			The basic rigid analytic object is the ''n''-dimensional unit [[polydisc]], whose [[ring (algebra)\|ring]] of functions is the [[Tate algebra]] ''T<sub>n</sub>'', made of [[power series]] in ''n'' variables whose coefficients approach zero in some complete nonarchimedean field ''k''. The Tate algebra is the completion of the [[polynomial ring]] in ''n'' variables under the [[Gauss norm]] (taking the supremum of coefficients), and the polydisc plays a role analogous to that of [[affine space\|affine ''n''-space]] in [[algebraic geometry]]. Points on the polydisc are defined to be [[maximal ideal]]s in the Tate algebra, and if ''k'' is [[algebraic closure\|algebraically closed]], these correspond to points in ''k<sup>n</sup>'' whose coordinates have size at most one.

			An affinoid algebra is a ''k''-Banach algebra that is isomorphic to a quotient of the Tate algebra by an ideal. An affinoid is then a subset of the unit polydisc on which the elements of this ideal vanish, i.e., it is the set of maximal ideals containing the ideal in question. The [[topology]] on affinoids is subtle, using notions of ''affinoid subdomains'' (which satisfy a universality property with respect to maps of affinoid algebras) and ''admissible open sets'' (which satisfy a finiteness condition for covers by affinoid subdomains). In fact, the admissible opens in an affinoid do not in general endow it with the structure of a [[topological space]], but they do form a [[Grothendieck topology]] (called the ''G''-topology), and this allows one to define good notions of sheaves and gluing of spaces.

			A rigid-analytic space over ''k'' is a pair <math>(X, \mathcal{O}_X)</math> describing a locally ringed ''G''-topologized space with a sheaf of ''k''-algebras, such that there is a covering by open subspaces isomorphic to affinoids. This is analogous to the notion of manifolds being coverable by open subsets isomorphic to euclidean space, or [[scheme (mathematics)\|schemes]] being coverable by affines. Schemes over ''k'' can be analytified functorially, much like varieties over the complex numbers can be viewed as complex analytic spaces, and there is an analogous formal GAGA theorem. The analytification functor respects finite limits.

			==Other formulations==
			{{main\|Berkovich space}}

			Around 1970, [[Michel_Raynaud\|Raynaud]] provided an interpretation of certain rigid analytic spaces as formal models, i.e., as generic fibers of formal schemes over the [[valuation ring]] ''R'' of ''k''. In particular, he showed that the category of quasi-compact quasi-separated rigid spaces over ''k'' is equivalent to the localization of the category of quasi-compact admissible formal schemes over ''R'' with respect to admissible formal blow-ups. Here, a formal scheme is admissible if it is coverable by formal spectra of topologically finitely presented ''R'' algebras whose local rings are ''R''-flat.

			Formal models suffer from a problem of uniqueness, since blow-ups allow more than one formal scheme to describe the same rigid space. Huber worked out a theory of ''adic spaces'' to resolve this, by taking a limit over all blow-ups. These spaces are quasi-compact, quasi-separated, and functorial in the rigid space, but lack a lot of nice topological properties.

			[[Vladimir Berkovich]] reformulated much of the theory of rigid analytic spaces in the late 1980s, using a generalization of the notion of Gelfand spectrum for commutative unital [[C-algebra\|''C''-algebras]]. The [[Berkovich spectrum]] of a Banach ''k''-algebra ''A'' is the set of multiplicative semi-norms on ''A'' that are bounded with respect to the given norm on ''k'', and it has a topology induced by evaluating these semi-norms on elements of ''A''. Since the topology is pulled back from the real line, Berkovich spectra have many nice properties, such as compactness, path-connectedness, and metrizability. Many ring-theoretic properties are reflected in the topology of spectra, e.g., if ''A'' is Dedekind, then its spectrum is contractible. However, even very basic spaces tend to be unwieldy – the projective line over '''C'''<sub>''p''</sub> is a compactification of the inductive limit of affine [[Building (mathematics)\|Bruhat–Tits buildings]] for ''PGL''<sub>2</sub>(''F''), as ''F'' varies over finite extensions of '''Q'''<sub>''p''</sub>, when the buildings are given a suitably coarse topology.

			==References==

			*''Non-Archimedean analysis'' by S. Bosch, U. Güntzer, R. Remmert ISBN 3-540-12546-9
			*Conrad, Brian [http://math.stanford.edu/~conrad/papers/aws.pdf Several approaches to non-archimedean geometry] lecture notes from the [[Arizona Winter School]]
			*''Rigid Analytic Geometry and Its Applications'' (Progress in Mathematics) by Jean Fresnel, Marius van der Put ISBN 0-8176-4206-4
			*{{Citation \| last1=Houzel \| first1=Christian \| title= \| origyear=1995 \| url=http://www.numdam.org/item?id=SB_1966-1968__10__215_0 \| publisher=[[Société Mathématique de France]] \| location=Paris \| series=Séminaire Bourbaki, Exp. No. 327 \| id={{MR\|1610409}} \| year=1966 \| volume=10 \| chapter=Espaces analytiques rigides (d'après R. Kiehl) \| pages=215–235}}
			*{{Citation \| last1=Tate \| first1=John \| author1-link=John Tate \| title=Rigid analytic spaces \| origyear=1962 \| doi=10.1007/BF01403307 \| id={{MR\|0306196}} \| year=1971 \| journal=[[Inventiones Mathematicae]] \| issn=0020-9910 \| volume=12 \| pages=257–289}}
			*[http://www.springer.com/mathematics/geometry/book/978-3-0348-0011-2 Éléments de Géométrie Rigide. Volume I. Construction et étude géométrique des espaces rigides] (Progress in Mathematics 286) by Ahmed Abbes, ISBN 978-3-0348-0011-2
			*[[Michel_Raynaud\|M. Raynaud]], ''[http://archive.numdam.org/ARCHIVE/MSMF/MSMF_1974__39-40_/MSMF_1974__39-40__319_0/MSMF_1974__39-40__319_0.pdf Géométrie analytique rigide d’après Tate, Kiehl,. . . ]'' Table ronde d’analyse non archimidienne, Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. Mém. 39/40 (1974), 319-327.

			==External links==

			*{{eom\|id=Rigid_analytic_space}}
			[[Category:Algebraic number theory]]

71.41.210.146: Typo fix.

2012-07-02T07:10:11Z

Typo fix.

New page

Hello friend. Let me introduce myself. I am Luther Aubrey. What she loves doing is to perform croquet but she hasn't made a dime with it. Interviewing is what she does. Years ago we moved to Kansas.<br><br>Take a look at my webpage - [http://Www.sharkz-fifa.de/index.php?mod=users&action=view&id=10274 sharkz-fifa.de]