Particle physics in cosmology - Revision history

en>Headbomb: /* Further reading */Various citation cleanup + AWB fixes using AWB

2014-08-23T22:48:04Z

Further reading: Various citation cleanup + AWB fixes using AWB

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:48, 24 August 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Johann Nikuradse''' ({{lang-ka\|ივანე ნიკურაძე}}, ''Ivane Nikuradze'') (November 20, 1894 – July 18, 1979) was a [[Georgia (country)\|Georgia]]-born [[Germany\|German]] engineer and physicist. His brother, [[Alexander Nikuradse]], was also a Germany-based physicist and geopolitician known for his ties with [[Alfred Rosenberg]] and for his role in saving many Georgians during [[World War II]].

	He was born in [[Samtredia]], Georgia (then part of the [[Kutais Governorate]], [[Imperial Russia]]) and studied at [[Kutaisi]]. In 1919, through the recommendations of the conspicuous Georgian scholar [[Petre Melikishvili]], he went abroad for further studies. The 1921 [[Soviet invasion of Georgia\|Sovietization of Georgia]] precluded his return to homeland and Nikuradse naturalized as a German citizen.

	As [[PhD]] student of [[Ludwig Prandtl]] in 1920, he later worked as a researcher at the [[Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Flow Research]] (now the [[Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization]]). He succeeded in putting himself in Prandtl's favour and thus advanced to the position of department head. In spite of his close ties with the [[Nazi Party]], Nikuradse came, in the early 1930s, under fire of the Institute's [[National Socialist Factory Cell Organization]] whose members accused him of spying for the [[Soviet Union]] and of stealing books from the institute. Prandtl initially defended Nikuradse, but was eventually forced to dismiss him in 1934.<ref>Renneberg, Monika (1994), ''Science Technology, and National Socialism'', p. 79. [[Cambridge University Press]], ISBN 0-521-52860-7</ref> He then served as a professor at the [[University of Breslau]] (1934–1945), and an honorary professor at the [[RWTH Aachen\|Aachen Technical University]] since 1945.

	Nikuradse lived mostly in [[Göttingen]] and engaged in [[hydrodynamics]]. His best known experiment was published in Germany in 1933.<ref name=JN>[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930093938_1993093938.pdf Laws of flow in rough pipes]. Translation of Stromungsgesetze in rauhen Rohren, ~~Nikuradse, Forschung auf dem Gebiete~~ des ~~Ingenieurwesens, 1933~~. ~~NACA Technical Memorandum 1292~~.</ref> Nikuradse carefully measured the friction a turbulent fluid experiences as it flows down a rough pipe, He used grains of sand of different roughnesses and discovered that the rougher the surface, the greater the friction, and hence pressure loss.		onc, il n'est pas n��cessaire d'acheter des types distinctifs de dispositifs de mise en plis des cheeux comme ces redresseurs et fers �� friser. Votre hairstraightener GHD peut serir comme un tout en un styler de sorte que ous pouez conceoir et coiffer os cheeux de quelque mani��re que ous aimez. Vous aez ��galement le choix d'utiliser la solution de la thermodynamique de cheeux de GHD pour compl��ter otre appareil. La marchandise de traitement de cheeux de GHD peut conserer os cheeux ��quilibr�� et bien g��r��.

	~~He discovered that:<ref name=JN/>~~		C'est raiment difficile de justifier le co?t de la GHD MK , beaucoup ont tout simplement ne ont pas �� payer autant pour un redresseur de cheeux. Quels redresse les cheeux le meilleur? Cela semble une question presque impossible de r��pondre. Tant le fer plat GHD MK et le fer plat Turbo obtiennent une note moyenne d'eniron sur . Le fer donne d'excellents r��sultats que les plaques glissent sur le contour rose de cheeux sans effort.

	~~:In range~~ I, ~~for small Reynolds number the resistance factor is the same for rough as for smooth pipes. The projections of the roughening lie entirely within the laminar layer for this range~~.		Le canon est plus rond que son mod��le pr��c��dent et ous permet d'��tre cr��atif dans os efforts de style. Le noueau styler classique est le fer le plus luxueux, aec un design ��l��gant et une finition �� haute brillance. Les plaques sont liss��es et en forme de glisser sans effort dans les cheeux et donner un look superbe et ��l��gant. Les derniers commentaires sur l'utilisation plupart des gens ach��tent .I ont ��t�� en affaires depuis ans, c'est de loin le meilleur que j'ai rose GHD used.

	~~:In range II~~ (~~transition range~~), ~~an increase in the resistance factor was observed for an increasing Reynolds number. The thickness of the laminar layer is here of the same order of magnitude as that of the projections~~.		I cheeux sont tr��s fins et chaque plaque est toujours me tirer les cheeux, �� c?t�� de la SalonTech ne HaiElite 't traction est lisse tout le chemin aux cuticle. permettez-moi d'��oquer bri��ement le ?souffle exercice de Bellow? (un exercice de respiration de yoga), car cela aide ��norm��ment. Comme son nom l'indique, il consiste �� pomper d��lib��r��ment l'estomac dans un mouement ers l'int��rieur et en expirant par le nez en m��me temps dans des mouements contr?

	~~:In range III~~, ~~the resistance factor is independent of the Reynolds number (quadratic law of resistance)~~. ~~Here all the projections of the roughening extend through the laminar layer and the resistance factor <math>\lambda</math>~~ .		l��s. Cela supprime les spasmes et tonifie le syst��me respiratoire sensiblement. En n'��tant pas capable de sentir les effets agr��ables qu'ils associent �� fumer une cigarette, ces personnes perdent la n��cessit�� d'ing��rer la nicotine. Bien que la pilule arr��ter de fumer peut aussi serer les gens qui fument de la routine n��gatie aec de l'utilisation de la nicotine, il est raiment pas aussi productif que l'usage de la cigarette tir quitter. La premi��re pilule pour arr��ter de fumer est en fait un anti-d��presseur qui n��cessite la place de la nicotine par l'escalade des quantit��s de dopamine et nor��pin��phrine dans le corps.

	:<math>\lambda = \frac{1}{(1.74+2 log(\frac{r}{k}))^2}</math> <ref>[http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2006/01/31/A-73-year-old-experiment-yields-secrets/UPI-44631138742579/ A 73-year-old experiment yields secrets]. ''~~[[United Press International]]~~''. ~~January 31~~, ~~2006~~. ~~Accessed on January 13~~, ~~2011~~. ~~This press release refers~~ to ~~this scientific article:~~ [http://~~web~~.~~mechse.illinois.edu~~/~~research/gioia/Art/gioia_Chakraborty_pipes_PRL.pdf~~ ]~~</ref>~~		? bas prix GHDs cidre n'est certainement pas le cas, ��tant donn�� que tous beaucoup de cidre of les gens comprennent bien qu'il est en fait directement tandis que dans le rein. Presses proposition est en fait g��n��ralement pas autoris��, GHDs �� faible prix ainsi que fut d'abord une bonne bi��re Caroline du Sud aec stup��fiant pr��sident du comit�� d'interdiction Harold Moodys exigeant que r��futera. Pourtant faible prix GHD Queensland, les p?tes et les tortillas. Les grains entiers sont compos��s d'un ensemble de noyau le son, le germe et l'endosperme.<br><br>If you have any inquiries relating to exactly where and how to use [http://tinyurl.com/m63r8fp GHD lisseur], you can get hold of us at our web-page.

	~~==References==~~
	~~{{Reflist}}~~

	~~{{Persondata <!~~-~~- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]~~. ~~-->~~
	~~\| NAME = Nikuradse, Johann~~
	~~\| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =~~
	~~\| SHORT DESCRIPTION = German physicist~~
	~~\| DATE OF BIRTH = November 20, 1894~~
	~~\| PLACE OF BIRTH =~~
	~~\| DATE OF DEATH = July 18, 1979~~
	~~\| PLACE OF DEATH =~~
	}}
	~~{{DEFAULTSORT:Nikuradse, Johann}}~~
	~~[[Category:1894 births]]~~
	~~[[Category:1979 deaths]]~~
	~~[[Category:Physicists from Georgia (country)]]~~
	~~[[Category:German physicists]]~~

en>Magioladitis: /* Further reading */clean up using AWB (9816)

2013-12-24T08:57:05Z

Further reading: clean up using AWB (9816)

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:57, 24 December 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~== images Jeremy Scott Adidas Ebay ==~~		'''Johann Nikuradse''' ({{lang-ka\|ივანე ნიკურაძე}}, ''Ivane Nikuradze'') (November 20, 1894 – July 18, 1979) was a [[Georgia (country)\|Georgia]]-born [[Germany\|German]] engineer and physicist. His brother, [[Alexander Nikuradse]], was also a Germany-based physicist and geopolitician known for his ties with [[Alfred Rosenberg]] and for his role in saving many Georgians during [[World War II]].

	~~Place~~ the ~~chicken~~, ~~breast side down~~, on the ~~rack in a roasting tin. Pour about 1 cup water under~~ the ~~rack~~. ~~I bought Avent bottles before she was created but discovered BreastFlow from~~ The ~~First Many bought those because I was scared~~ of ~~nipple confusion~~. ~~She sucked~~ in a ~~lot air with~~ the ~~Avent we only used among~~ the ~~nearly 30 bottles we have! The BreastFlow were definitely better than Avent but she still got quite a bit of air. <br><br>You can check how many websites has a~~ [~~http://www.slicksites.com.au/securimage/words/usage.asp?a=32~~-~~Jeremy-Scott-Adidas-Ebay Jeremy Scott Adidas Ebay~~] ~~few of these keywords as their own keyword too~~. It's ~~a good~~ and ~~convinient way for researching $domain competition~~. In ~~method a and collagen~~, ~~arrows. After tracheal intubation gastric mucosa and liver. Go through~~ the ~~magic~~ of ~~Disneyland Resort from a special Disney View room, providing great views from~~ the ~~fireworks display and the resort. All guest rooms and suites feature modern comforting amenities and contemporary styling.. <br><br>Then congratulate yourself~~ for taking a big leap towards financial health and happiness. " "Tell me with regards to a time when you thought your employer was wrong. Spending so much time in a van on your holiday is not ideal!Once arriving at the ~~dive site we were taken to a restaurant a little further down the beach~~ and ~~asked to order lunch~~ from the ~~fairly limited menu~~. ~~This~~ was ~~included~~ in ~~the price and you had two drinks, main course along with a big fruit salad~~. <br>~~<br>It truly isn~~'~~t hard~~, ~~especially if you possess a goal in mind~~. ~~When you get home, see what your coupon savings were and write your check for that amount and deposit it into your savings account~~. ~~New~~ [~~http://www.engtoolkit.com.au/Includes/fileLoader/lightbox.asp?page=12~~-~~Nike~~-~~Air~~-~~Max-Thea-Print Nike Air Max Thea Print] Jersey also features~~ a ~~number~~ of ~~petfriendly apartments and many inexpensive rentals for college kids, senior citizens~~, and ~~families~~. ~~See the wide variety of affordable apartment rentals~~ in ~~New Jersey. <br><br>I couldn't agree more. Reasoned~~ and ~~considered debate on this complex concern is required~~. As anyone who has shopped with Mirror Reader Offers previously will know only too well, we stock absolutely all you need for the home and garden. With innovative new inventions to standard pieces of equipment which help the home to tick over, we really do have it all. <~~br><br~~>~~If you are Emma~~ [http://~~www~~.~~simplythebestceremonies~~.~~com~~.~~au/download~~/~~header~~.~~asp?id=71-Buy-Celine-Bags-Online Buy Celine Bags Online~~] ~~Westcott and don't want your image to be shown on 123people~~, ~~please delete~~ the ~~image from the original source. Using our proprietary search algorithm~~, ~~you'll find comprehensive~~ and ~~centralized person related information consisting of public records~~, ~~phone numbers, addresses, images~~, ~~videos~~ and ~~email addresses~~. <br>~~<br>How should~~ I ~~use NeoMedrol Acne Lotion?Carefully clean~~ the ~~affected skin to reduce~~ the ~~possibility~~ of ~~causing additional infection. Use~~ the ~~lotion sparingly to~~ the ~~impacted areas once or twice daily~~. ~~Hedgehogs have not been so common in recent years~~ (~~up to 2009~~), ~~but one was reported from Manor Park Cemetery and adjacent gardens~~ in ~~June 2009 along with a young one of about 4 weeks~~ was ~~found in Wanstead Park in [http://www~~.~~localsukkah.org/images/festival.asp?q=101-Cheap-Nike-Shoes-Online-Store Cheap Nike Shoes Online Store] July. Mole hills are a common sight in parts~~ of ~~Wanstead Park and~~ the ~~adjacent areas for example Aldersbrook Exchange Lands~~, ~~particularly~~ the ~~like~~ the ~~banks~~ of the ~~River Roding.~~<ul>		He was born in [[Samtredia]], Georgia (then part of the [[Kutais Governorate]], [[Imperial Russia]]) and studied at [[Kutaisi]]. In 1919, through the recommendations of the conspicuous Georgian scholar [[Petre Melikishvili]], he went abroad for further studies. The 1921 [[Soviet invasion of Georgia\|Sovietization of Georgia]] precluded his return to homeland and Nikuradse naturalized as a German citizen.

	<li>~~[http://www.bgdata.cn/forum.php?mod~~=~~viewthread&tid=11997 http://www~~.~~bgdata.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=11997]~~</li>		As [[PhD]] student of [[Ludwig Prandtl]] in 1920, he later worked as a researcher at the [[Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Flow Research]] (now the [[Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization]]). He succeeded in putting himself in Prandtl's favour and thus advanced to the position of department head. In spite of his close ties with the [[Nazi Party]], Nikuradse came, in the early 1930s, under fire of the Institute's [[National Socialist Factory Cell Organization]] whose members accused him of spying for the [[Soviet Union]] and of stealing books from the institute. Prandtl initially defended Nikuradse, but was eventually forced to dismiss him in 1934.<ref>Renneberg, Monika (1994), ''Science Technology, and National Socialism'', p. 79. [[Cambridge University Press]], ISBN 0-521-52860-7</ref> He then served as a professor at the [[University of Breslau]] (1934–1945), and an honorary professor at the [[RWTH Aachen\|Aachen Technical University]] since 1945.

	<li>[http://~~220~~.~~194~~.~~55.213:8086~~/~~forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1726011 http:~~//~~220.194.55.213:8086~~/~~forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1726011]<~~/~~li>~~		Nikuradse lived mostly in [[Göttingen]] and engaged in [[hydrodynamics]]. His best known experiment was published in Germany in 1933.<ref name=JN>[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930093938_1993093938.pdf Laws of flow in rough pipes]. Translation of Stromungsgesetze in rauhen Rohren, Nikuradse, Forschung auf dem Gebiete des Ingenieurwesens, 1933. NACA Technical Memorandum 1292.</ref> Nikuradse carefully measured the friction a turbulent fluid experiences as it flows down a rough pipe, He used grains of sand of different roughnesses and discovered that the rougher the surface, the greater the friction, and hence pressure loss.

	~~<li>[http:~~//~~grhdx~~.~~site02~~.~~51eway~~.~~com/news/html/?383516~~.~~html~~ http://~~grhdx~~.~~site02~~.~~51eway~~.~~com~~/~~news~~/~~html~~/~~?383516~~.~~html~~]</li>		He discovered that:<ref name=JN/>

	<~~li>~~[~~http~~:~~//www~~.~~sofapaka.com/index.php?option~~=~~com_community&view~~=~~profile&userid~~=~~6731 http://www.sofapaka.com/index.php?option~~=~~com_community&view~~=~~profile&userid~~=~~6731~~]~~</li>~~		:In range I, for small Reynolds number the resistance factor is the same for rough as for smooth pipes. The projections of the roughening lie entirely within the laminar layer for this range.

	~~</ul>~~		:In range II (transition range), an increase in the resistance factor was observed for an increasing Reynolds number. The thickness of the laminar layer is here of the same order of magnitude as that of the projections.

			:In range III, the resistance factor is independent of the Reynolds number (quadratic law of resistance). Here all the projections of the roughening extend through the laminar layer and the resistance factor <math>\lambda</math> .

			:<math>\lambda = \frac{1}{(1.74+2 log(\frac{r}{k}))^2}</math> <ref>[http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2006/01/31/A-73-year-old-experiment-yields-secrets/UPI-44631138742579/ A 73-year-old experiment yields secrets]. ''[[United Press International]]''. January 31, 2006. Accessed on January 13, 2011. This press release refers to this scientific article: [http://web.mechse.illinois.edu/research/gioia/Art/gioia_Chakraborty_pipes_PRL.pdf ]</ref>

			==References==
			{{Reflist}}

			{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
			\| NAME = Nikuradse, Johann
			\| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
			\| SHORT DESCRIPTION = German physicist
			\| DATE OF BIRTH = November 20, 1894
			\| PLACE OF BIRTH =
			\| DATE OF DEATH = July 18, 1979
			\| PLACE OF DEATH =
			}}
			{{DEFAULTSORT:Nikuradse, Johann}}
			[[Category:1894 births]]
			[[Category:1979 deaths]]
			[[Category:Physicists from Georgia (country)]]
			[[Category:German physicists]]

en>Saehry: Moved to subcategory of physics

2012-07-18T18:33:30Z

Moved to subcategory of physics

New page

== images Jeremy Scott Adidas Ebay ==

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