Nerve conduction study - Revision history

en>Yobot: WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (10538)

2014-12-28T09:57:26Z

WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (10538)

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:57, 28 December 2014
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	~~{{Thermoelectric effect\|cTopic=Principles}}~~
	In physics and chemistry, the '''Nernst Effect''' (also termed first Nernst–Ettingshausen effect, after [[Walther Nernst]] and [[Albert von Ettingshausen]]{{#tag:ref\|"Ettingshausen" is frequently misspelled "Ettinghausen." \|group="Note" \|name="spelling"}})
	is a [[thermoelectric effect\|thermoelectric]] (or thermomagnetic) phenomenon observed when a sample allowing [[electrical conduction]] is subjected to a [[magnetic field]] and a temperature gradient normal (perpendicular) to each other. An [[electric field]] will be induced normal to both.

	~~This effect is quantified by the Nernst coefficient \|''N''\|, which is defined to be~~

	~~::<math>\|N\|=\frac{E_Y/B_Z}{dT/dx}</math>~~		Glen Wendler is the [http://www.Titleindividuals.net/ title individuals] use to call me and my spouse doesn't like it at all. Some time in the past she selected to reside in [https://www.Google.com/search?hl=en&gl=us&tbm=nws&q=Delaware&btnI=lucky Delaware] but her husband desires them to transfer. Dispatching has been my occupation for some time. Going to karaoke is some thing that I've done for many years. Go to my website to discover out more: http://www.montagestudioafrica.com/?p=61830<br><br>Review my blog; [http://www.montagestudioafrica.com/?p=61830 nya internet casino på nätet]

	~~where <math>E_Y</math>~~ is the ~~''y''-component of the electric field that results from the magnetic field's ''z''-component <math>B_Z<~~/~~math> and the temperature gradient <math>dT~~/~~dx<~~/~~math>.~~

	~~The reverse process is known as the [[Ettingshausen effect]~~] and ~~also as the second Nernst-Ettingshausen effect~~.

	~~== Physical picture ==~~

	~~[[electron mobility\|Mobile]] energy carriers (for example [[conduction band\|conduction-band]] [[electron]]s~~ in ~~a [[semiconductor]]) will move along [[temperature]] gradients due to statistics and~~ the ~~relationship~~
	~~between temperature and kinetic energy. If there is a [[magnetic field]] transversal~~ to ~~the temperature gradient and the carriers are~~ [~~[electric charge\|electrically charged]], they experience a [[lorentz force\|force]] perpendicular to their direction of motion (also the direction of the temperature gradient) and to the magnetic field~~. ~~Thus, a perpendicular electric field is induced~~.

	== ~~Sample types~~ ==

	~~Semiconductors exhibit the Nernst effect. This has been studied in the 1950s by Krylova, Mochan and many others. In [[metal~~]~~]s however, it is almost non-existent. It appears in the [[quantum vortex\|vortex phase]]~~
	~~of type-II [[superconductor]]s due~~ to ~~vortex motion~~. ~~This~~ has been ~~studied by Huebener et al~~. High-temperature superconductors exhibit the Nernst effect both in the superconducting and in the [[pseudogap\|pseudogap phase]], as was first found by Xu et al. [[heavy fermion\|Heavy-Fermion]] superconductors can show a strong Nernst signal which is ~~likely not due to the vortices, as was found by Bel et al.~~

	~~== See also ==~~
	* [[Seebeck effect]]
	* [[Peltier effect]]
	* [[Hall effect]]
	* [[Righi–Leduc effect]]

	~~== Notes ==~~
	~~{{reflist\|group="Note"}}~~

	~~== Journal articles ==~~
	* R. P. Huebener and A. Seher, "Nernst Effect and Flux Flow in Superconductors. I. ~~Niobium", [http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.181.701 Web]~~
	* R. P. Huebener and A. Seher, "Nernst Effect and Flux Flow in Superconductors. II. Lead Films", [http:~~//dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.181.710 Web]~~
	* V. A. Rowe and R. P. Huebener, "Nernst Effect and Flux Flow in Superconductors. III. Films of Tin and Indium", [http://dx.~~doi~~.~~org~~/~~10.1103/PhysRev.185.666 Web]~~
	* {{Cite journal \|last=Xu \|first=Z. A. \|last2=Ong \|first2=N. P. \|last3=Wang \|first3=Y. \|last4=Kakeshita \|first4=T. \|last5=Uchida \|first5=S. \|title=Vortex-like excitations and the onset of superconducting phase fluctuation in underdoped La<sub>2-''x''</sub>Sr<sub>''x''</sub>CuO<sub>4</sub> \|journal=[[Nature (journal)\|Nature]] \|volume=406 \|issue=6795 \|pages=486–488 \|doi=10.1038/35020016 \|year=2000 \|bibcode = 2000Natur.406..486X }}
	*{{Cite journal \|last=Bel \|first=R. \|last2=Behnia \|first2=K. \|last3=Nakajima \|first3=Y. \|last4=Izawa \|first4=~~K. \|last5=Matsuda \|first5=Y. \|last6=Shishido \|first6=H. \|last7=Settai \|first7=R. \|last8=Onuki \|first8=Y. \|title=Giant Nernst Effect in CeCoIn~~<~~sub~~>5<~~/sub~~> ~~\|journal=[[Physical~~ Review ~~Letters]] \|volume=92 \|issue=21 \|pages=217002 \|year=2004 \|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.217002 \|bibcode=2004PhRvL..92u7002B\|arxiv = cond-mat/0311473 }}~~
	*{{Cite journal \|last=Krylova \|first=T. V. \|last2=Mochan \|first2=I. V. \|title= \|journal=J. Tech. Phys. (USSR) \|volume=25 \|issue= \|pages=2119 \|year=1955 }}
	*[http://~~xstructure.inr~~.ac.~~ru/x-bin~~/~~theme3.py~~?~~level=1&index1~~=~~-271227 Nernst effect on arxiv.org]~~

	~~[[Category:Thermodynamics]]~~
	~~[[Category:Electrodynamics]~~]

en>Materialscientist: Reverted 1 edit by 59.89.42.157 identified as test/vandalism using STiki

2013-12-10T09:48:12Z

Reverted 1 edit by 59.89.42.157 identified as test/vandalism using STiki

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:48, 10 December 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~Hello~~ and ~~welcome~~. My name is ~~Ling~~. ~~The occupation he~~'s ~~been occupying~~ for ~~years~~ is a ~~messenger~~. ~~To maintain birds~~ is 1 of the ~~issues he loves most~~. I~~'ve always loved residing~~ in ~~Idaho~~.~~<br><br>My web blog :~~: [http://~~Lita~~.no/~~15494~~/~~great~~-~~advice~~-~~about~~-~~dealing~~-~~with~~-~~your-car-problems car warranty~~]		{{Thermoelectric effect\|cTopic=Principles}}
			In physics and chemistry, the '''Nernst Effect''' (also termed first Nernst–Ettingshausen effect, after [[Walther Nernst]] and [[Albert von Ettingshausen]]{{#tag:ref\|"Ettingshausen" is frequently misspelled "Ettinghausen." \|group="Note" \|name="spelling"}})
			is a [[thermoelectric effect\|thermoelectric]] (or thermomagnetic) phenomenon observed when a sample allowing [[electrical conduction]] is subjected to a [[magnetic field]] and a temperature gradient normal (perpendicular) to each other. An [[electric field]] will be induced normal to both.

			This effect is quantified by the Nernst coefficient \|''N''\|, which is defined to be

			::<math>\|N\|=\frac{E_Y/B_Z}{dT/dx}</math>

			where <math>E_Y</math> is the ''y''-component of the electric field that results from the magnetic field's ''z''-component <math>B_Z</math> and the temperature gradient <math>dT/dx</math>.

			The reverse process is known as the [[Ettingshausen effect]] and also as the second Nernst-Ettingshausen effect.

			== Physical picture ==

			[[electron mobility\|Mobile]] energy carriers (for example [[conduction band\|conduction-band]] [[electron]]s in a [[semiconductor]]) will move along [[temperature]] gradients due to statistics and the relationship
			between temperature and kinetic energy. If there is a [[magnetic field]] transversal to the temperature gradient and the carriers are [[electric charge\|electrically charged]], they experience a [[lorentz force\|force]] perpendicular to their direction of motion (also the direction of the temperature gradient) and to the magnetic field. Thus, a perpendicular electric field is induced.

			== Sample types ==

			Semiconductors exhibit the Nernst effect. This has been studied in the 1950s by Krylova, Mochan and many others. In [[metal]]s however, it is almost non-existent. It appears in the [[quantum vortex\|vortex phase]]
			of type-II [[superconductor]]s due to vortex motion. This has been studied by Huebener et al. High-temperature superconductors exhibit the Nernst effect both in the superconducting and in the [[pseudogap\|pseudogap phase]], as was first found by Xu et al. [[heavy fermion\|Heavy-Fermion]] superconductors can show a strong Nernst signal which is likely not due to the vortices, as was found by Bel et al.

			== See also ==
			* [[Seebeck effect]]
			* [[Peltier effect]]
			* [[Hall effect]]
			* [[Righi–Leduc effect]]

			== Notes ==
			{{reflist\|group="Note"}}

			== Journal articles ==
			* R. P. Huebener and A. Seher, "Nernst Effect and Flux Flow in Superconductors. I. Niobium", [http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.181.701 Web]
			* R. P. Huebener and A. Seher, "Nernst Effect and Flux Flow in Superconductors. II. Lead Films", [http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.181.710 Web]
			* V. A. Rowe and R. P. Huebener, "Nernst Effect and Flux Flow in Superconductors. III. Films of Tin and Indium", [http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.185.666 Web]
			* {{Cite journal \|last=Xu \|first=Z. A. \|last2=Ong \|first2=N. P. \|last3=Wang \|first3=Y. \|last4=Kakeshita \|first4=T. \|last5=Uchida \|first5=S. \|title=Vortex-like excitations and the onset of superconducting phase fluctuation in underdoped La<sub>2-''x''</sub>Sr<sub>''x''</sub>CuO<sub>4</sub> \|journal=[[Nature (journal)\|Nature]] \|volume=406 \|issue=6795 \|pages=486–488 \|doi=10.1038/35020016 \|year=2000 \|bibcode = 2000Natur.406..486X }}
			*{{Cite journal \|last=Bel \|first=R. \|last2=Behnia \|first2=K. \|last3=Nakajima \|first3=Y. \|last4=Izawa \|first4=K. \|last5=Matsuda \|first5=Y. \|last6=Shishido \|first6=H. \|last7=Settai \|first7=R. \|last8=Onuki \|first8=Y. \|title=Giant Nernst Effect in CeCoIn<sub>5</sub> \|journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] \|volume=92 \|issue=21 \|pages=217002 \|year=2004 \|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.217002 \|bibcode=2004PhRvL..92u7002B\|arxiv = cond-mat/0311473 }}
			*{{Cite journal \|last=Krylova \|first=T. V. \|last2=Mochan \|first2=I. V. \|title= \|journal=J. Tech. Phys. (USSR) \|volume=25 \|issue= \|pages=2119 \|year=1955 }}
			*[http://xstructure.inr.ac.ru/x-bin/theme3.py?level=1&index1=-271227 Nernst effect on arxiv.org]

			[[Category:Thermodynamics]]
			[[Category:Electrodynamics]]

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2012-05-24T11:32:06Z

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