en>Addbot: Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by Wikidata on d:q4922513

2013-03-14T14:55:58Z

Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by Wikidata on d:q4922513

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	[http://~~Www~~.~~mayoclinic~~.~~org~~/~~diseases-conditions~~/~~sexually~~-~~transmitted~~-~~diseases~~-~~stds~~/in-~~depth~~/~~std~~-~~testing~~/~~art-20046019 Marvella~~] is ~~what you~~ can ~~call her but it's not~~ the ~~most feminine title at std testing at home home std test out there. South Dakota~~ is ~~her beginning location but she needs to transfer simply because~~ of ~~her family members~~. [http://~~Faststdtestlabs~~.~~com~~/ ~~Managing people~~] ~~is what I do~~ and the ~~home std test~~ [http://~~riddlesandpoetry~~.~~com~~/?q=~~node~~/~~19209 riddlesandpoetry.com] kit salary has [~~http://~~gcjcteam~~.org/~~index.php?mid~~=~~etc_video&document_srl~~=~~655020&sort_index~~=~~regdate&order_type=desc at home std test~~] ~~been truly satisfying~~. The ~~favorite pastime for my kids and me~~ is to ~~perform baseball but I haven't made~~ a ~~dime with it~~.<br><br>~~my web-site :: [~~http://~~mirim~~.ir/~~index.php?do~~=~~/profile~~-~~699/info~~/ http://~~mirim~~.ir/~~index~~.~~php?do~~=/~~profile~~-~~699/info/~~]		A '''Picard horn''', also called the '''Picard topology''' or '''Picard model''', is one of the oldest known [[hyperbolic geometry\|hyperbolic]] [[manifold\|3-manifold]]s, first described by [[Émile Picard]]<ref name="EmilePicard">http://www.academie-sciences.fr/activite/archive/dossiers/Picard/Picard_oeuvre.htm</ref> in 1884.<ref name="picard1884">{{cite journal\|author= [[Émile Picard]] \| language = [[French language\|French]] \|title= Sur un groupe de transformations des points de l'espace situés du même côté d'un plan \|journal= Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France \|volume=12 \|pages=43-37 \|date=1884-03-07 \|url= http://www.numdam.org/item?id=BSMF_1884__12__43_0 \|accessdate =2011-08-24}}</ref> The manifold is the quotient of the [[Poincaré half-plane model\|upper half-plane model of hyperbolic 3-space]] by the [[projective linear group\|projective special linear group]], <math>\operatorname{PSL}_2(\mathbf{Z}[i])</math>. It was proposed as a model for the
			[[shape of the Universe]] in 2004.<ref name="Aurich0403597" /> The term "horn" is due to [[pseudosphere]] models of hyperbolic space.

			== Geometry and topology ==
			A modern description, in terms of fundamental domain and identifications, can be found in section 3.2, page 63 of Grunewald and Huntebrinker, along with the first 80 eigenvalues of the [[Laplacian]], tabulated on page 72, where <math>\Upsilon_1</math> is a fundamental domain of the Picard space.<ref name="GrunHunte">Fritz Grunewald and Wolfgang Huntebrinker, ''[http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.em/1047591148 A numerical study of eigenvalues of the hyperbolic Laplacian for polyhedra with one cusp]'', Experiment. Math. Volume 5, Issue 1 (1996), 57-80</ref>

			== Cosmology ==
			The term was coined in 2004 by Ralf Aurich, Sven Lustig, Frank Steiner, and Holger Then in their paper ''Hyperbolic Universes with a Horned Topology and the CMB Anisotropy''.<ref name="Aurich0403597">{{cite journal\|last= Aurich \|first= Ralf \|coauthors= Lustig, S., Steiner, F., Then, H. \|title= Hyperbolic Universes with a Horned Topology and the CMB Anisotropy \|journal= [[Classical and Quantum Gravity]] \|volume=21 \|pages=4901–4926\|publisher= [[Institute of Physics]] \|year=2004 \|url= http://iopscience.iop.org/0264-9381/21/21/010/ \|doi= 10.1088/0264-9381/21/21/010 \|accessdate=2011-08-24 \|archiveurl= http://arXiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0403597 \|archivedate=2004-10-14 \|arxiv = astro-ph/0403597 \|bibcode = 2004CQGra..21.4901A }}</ref>

			The model was chosen in an attempt to describe the [[microwave background radiation]] apparent in the universe, and has finite [[volume]] and useful spectral characteristics (the first several eigenvalues of the Laplacian are computed and in good accord with observation). In this model one end of the figure curves [[wiktionary:finite\|finitely]] into the bell of the horn. The curve along any side of horn is considered to be a [[hyperbola\|negative curve]]. The other end extends to infinity.<ref name="Register2004" /><ref name="NSci2004" />

			==References==
			{{reflist\|31em\|refs=
			<ref name="Register2004">{{cite news
			\| url = http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/05/27/universe_picard_topology/
			\| title = Boffins trumpet horn shaped universe
			\| last = Sherriff \| first = Lucy
			\| work = [[The Register]]
			\| date = 2004-05-27
			\| accessdate = 2006-12-28
			}}</ref>
			<ref name="NSci2004">{{cite news
			\| url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4879-big-bang-glow-hints-at-funnelshaped-universe.html
			\| title = Big Bang glow hints at funnel-shaped Universe
			\| last = Battersby \| first = Stephen
			\| work = [[New Scientist]]
			\| date = 2004-04-15
			\| accessdate = 2007-12-01
			}}</ref>
			}}


			[[Category:Physical cosmology]]
			[[Category:3-manifolds]]
			[[Category:Hyperbolic geometry]]

en>Ruud Koot: pseudocode is sufficient

2012-01-12T21:42:08Z

pseudocode is sufficient

New page

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