Bolted joint - Revision history

en>Niceguyedc: WPCleaner v1.34 - Repaired 1 link to disambiguation page - (You can help) - Anaerobic

2015-01-09T10:26:33Z

WPCleaner v1.34 - Repaired 1 link to disambiguation page - (You can help) - Anaerobic

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:26, 9 January 2015
Line 1:		Line 1:
	In [[hydrology]], '''discharge''' is the volume rate of [[water]] flow, including any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals (e.g. CaCO<sub>3</sub><sub>(aq)</sub>), and/or biologic material (e.g. diatoms), which is transported through a given cross-sectional area.<ref>Buchanan, T.J. and Somers, W.P., 1969, Discharge Measurements at Gaging Stations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 3, Chapter A8, 1p.</ref> Frequently, other terms synonymous with discharge are used to describe the volumetric flow rate of water and are typically discipline dependent. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as [[streamflow]], whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system might define discharge as '''outflow''', which is contrasted with [[inflow (hydrology)\|inflow]].		== a livello umano Pandora Milano ==

	~~[[GH Dury]] and MJ Bradshaw are two [[hydrologists]] who devised models showing the relationship between discharge and other variables~~ in a ~~river~~. ~~The [[Bradshaw model]] described how pebble size and other variables change from source to mouth; while Dury considered the relationships between discharge and variables such as slope and friction.~~		Iscrizioni degli studenti cinesi sono aumentate del 21 per cento in totale a quasi 235.000 studenti, e sono aumentate del 26 per cento a livello universitario. 'Lasciate che la piantagione chiamato New York sia la città di Dio, una città posta sulla collina, una luce che brilla nelle tenebre', ha detto Brooklyn pastore basato Fred Lucas Jr.. <br><br>Mi scuso per non avere istruzioni. Il 'Restart' di solito prende una quantità infinita di tempo e oltre, poi alla fine forzare crash o devo premere il pulsante di alimentazione, e il successivo riavvio richiederà un tempo molto lungo, con un messaggio di errore da Microsoft dice 'Qualcosa è andato storto. <br><br>Amnesty International stima che centinaia di migliaia di persone sono tenuti in strutture di detenzione, in cui si dice che la tortura è dilagante e l'esecuzione all'ordine del giorno.. 'La passione dei tifosi mi ha davvero ispirato', ha detto Gordon. <br><br>Hanno molte domande circa Hoodia e integratori Hoodia e per quanto riguarda la sua efficacia anche. I binari corrono dritto attraverso il centro di Casselton, una cittadina di 2.400 persone circa 25 km a ovest di Fargo. Quindi, a livello umano, questo è ancora una vittoria.. <br><br>Sono l'ultimo gruppo che ha acquistato in un programma che doveva ancora giocare in un grande gioco ciotola e, come sottoprodotto di questo, il primo a non perdere uno.. Ecco un pdf denominato Creative [http://www.ilmercantedisogni.it/Popups/fold.asp Pandora Milano] Computing che quando si arriva a Session 9 comincia a entrare in gioco. <br><br>Questo è il primo rapporto serio sono stato dentro Ci siamo trasferiti a vivere insieme dopo 7 mesi. Chiunque può ripulire il più veloce, BP ottiene la loro bolletta troppo. L'industria del [http://www.entecerma.it/Templates/AspInc/base.asp Tiffany Collane] fast food ha subito un cambiamento negli ultimi anni. Quest'anno, Quvenzhan Wallis ha preso d'assalto il mondo con la sua prestazione impressionante in Beasts of the Wild meridionale. <br><br>Congratulazioni a Andrew e il team.. Che cosa è più la playstation è progettato per riprodurre DVD e musica.. Io preferirei se tu avessi il set corretto disco di ripristino per il computer. John Tortorella sta diventando un secondo colloquio con i Canucks questa settimana per sostituire il licenziato Alain Vigneault dopo che il boss panchina ventoso apparentemente buttato fuori del parco nella sua prima riunione. [http://www.rifugiamoci.it/ImgCatalogo/home/mail.asp Louis Vuitton Napoli] <br><br>Randi Weingarten, presidente della Federazione Americana degli Insegnanti, ha detto, [http://www.lipinutragen.it/Templates/Stili/list.asp Nike Air Max] 'Il messaggio qui, non importa come è inquadrato, è che 20 anni dopo l'inizio del movimento della scuola charter, anche con tutta l'energia privata e l'ordine pubblico cheerleading è ha generato, studenti delle scuole charter all'incirca eseguono lo stesso come studenti nel resto della pubblica istruzione non i passi da gigante che sono stati promessi.<ul>

	~~The [[units of measurement\|units]] that are typically used to express discharge include m³/s (cubic meters per second)~~, ~~ft³/s (cubic feet~~ per ~~second or cfs) and/or acre-feet per day~~.~~<ref>Dunne~~, T., ~~and Leopold~~, L.B., ~~1978~~, ~~Water in Environmental Planning: San Francisco~~, ~~Calif~~., W.H. ~~Freeman~~, ~~257-258 p~~.<~~/ref~~> ~~For example, the average discharge of the [[Rhine]] river in Europe is {{convert\|2200\|m3/s\|cuft/s}} or {{convert\|154,000\|acre.ft\|m3}}~~ per ~~day~~.		<li>[http://bbs.54cyr.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=364485 http://bbs.54cyr.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=364485]</li>

	~~A commonly applied methodology for measuring~~, ~~and estimating, the discharge of a river is based on~~ a ~~simplified form of the [[continuity equation]]~~. ~~The equation implies that for any incompressible fluid~~, ~~such as liquid water~~, ~~the discharge (Q) is equal to the product of the stream's cross-sectional area (A) and its mean velocity (~~<~~math~~>~~\bar{u}~~<~~/math~~>), ~~and is written as:~~		<li>[http://mjkcos.egloos.com/3391465/ http://mjkcos.egloos.com/3391465/]</li>
	:~~<math>Q=A\,\bar{u}<~~/~~math>~~
	~~where~~		<li>[http://gamescentral.com/activity/p/130619/ http://gamescentral.com/activity/p/130619/]</li>
	*<math>Q</~~math> is the discharge ([L<sup>3<~~/~~sup>T<sup>−1<~~/~~sup>~~]~~; m~~<~~sup~~>3</~~sup>~~/~~s or ft<sup>3<~~/~~sup>~~/s)
	*<math>A</~~math> is the cross-sectional [[area]~~] of the ~~portion of the channel occupied by the flow ([L~~<~~sup~~>2</~~sup>]; m<sup>2<~~/~~sup> or ft<sup>2<~~/~~sup>)~~		<li>[http://clan.gamescraft.de/index.php?site=guestbook http://clan.gamescraft.de/index.php?site=guestbook]</li>
	*<math>\bar{u}</~~math> is the average flow [[velocity]~~] ~~([LT~~<~~sup~~>−1<~~/sup~~>~~]; m/s or ft/s)~~
			</ul>
	~~==Catchment discharge==~~
	The [[drainage basin\|catchment]] of a river above a certain location is determined by the surface area of all land which drains toward the river from above that point. The river's discharge at that location depends on the rainfall on the catchment or [[drainage area]] and the inflow or outflow of groundwater to or from the area, ~~stream modifications such as dams and irrigation diversions~~, ~~as well as evaporation and evapotranspiration from the area's land and plant surfaces. In [[storm hydrology]]~~, ~~an important consideration is the stream's~~ [~~[discharge hydrograph]], a record of how the discharge varies over time after a precipitation event~~. ~~The stream rises to a peak flow after each precipitation event, then falls in a slow [[recession]]~~. ~~Because the peak flow also corresponds to the maximum water level reached during the event,~~ it ~~is of interest in flood studies~~. ~~Analysis of the relationship between precipitation intensity and duration~~, and the response of the stream discharge is aided by the concept of the [[unit hydrograph]] which represents the response of stream discharge over time to the application of a hypothetical "unit" amount and duration of rain, for example 1 cm over the entire catchment for a period of one hour. This represents a certain volume of water (depending on the area of the catchment) which must subsequently flow out of the river. Using this method either actual historical rainfalls or hypothetical "design storms" can be modeled mathematically to confirm characteristics of historical floods, ~~or to predict a stream~~'~~s reaction to a predicted storm~~.

	~~The relationship between the discharge in the stream at a given cross-section and the level of the stream is described by a~~ [~~[rating curve]]~~. ~~Average velocities and the cross-sectional area of the stream are measured for a given stream level~~. ~~The velocity and the area give the discharge for that level~~. After measurements are made for several different levels, a [[rating table]] or rating curve may be developed. Once rated, the discharge in the stream may be determined by measuring the level, and determining the corresponding discharge from the rating curve. ~~If a continuous level-recording device is located at a rated cross-section, the stream's discharge may be continuously determined~~.

	~~Flows with larger discharges are able to [[sediment transport\|transport]] more [[sediment]] downstream~~.

	==~~See also==~~
	* [[List of rivers by discharge]]
	* [[Volumetric flow rate]]
	* [~~[Groundwater discharge]]~~
	* [[Submarine groundwater discharge]]

	~~==References==~~
	<~~references~~ />

	~~==External links==~~
	*USDA NRCS National Engineering Handbook, [http://~~www~~.~~info.usda~~.~~gov~~/~~CED~~/~~ftp~~/~~CED~~/~~neh630-ch14.pdf Stage Discharge Relationships, Ch. 14~~]
	*[http://~~www~~.~~wcc~~.~~nrcs~~.~~usda~~.~~gov~~/~~hydro/hydro-techref-neh-630~~.~~html USDA NRCS National Engineering Handbook~~]


	~~{{Hydropower}}~~

	~~[[Category:Hydrology]]~~
	~~[[Category:Rivers]]~~

en>LilHelpa: clean up - title chg confirmed using AWB

2013-12-30T16:17:06Z

clean up - title chg confirmed using AWB

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:17, 30 December 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~"Why does my computer keep freezing up?" I was asked by a great deal of people~~ the ~~cause~~ of ~~their pc freeze problems~~. ~~And I am fed up with spending much time inside answering the question time and time again~~. ~~This post is to tell we the real cause of the PC Freezes~~.<br><br>~~Document files let the user to input data~~, ~~images~~, ~~tables~~ and ~~additional elements to improve the presentation~~. ~~The just issue~~ with ~~this format compared~~ to ~~alternative file kinds such as~~ .~~pdf for~~ example is ~~its ability to be readily editable~~. ~~This means which anyone viewing~~ the ~~file can~~ change ~~it by accident. Also, this file format is opened by additional programs yet it refuses~~ to ~~guarantee which what you see inside~~ the ~~Microsoft Word application can nonetheless become the same when we view it using another program~~. ~~However~~, ~~it happens to be nonetheless preferred by most computer consumers for its ease of utilize~~ and ~~qualities~~.<br>~~<br>Windows is rather dumb~~. ~~It only knows how to follow commands~~ and ~~instructions, meaning that whenever you install a program~~, ~~which program has to tell Windows what to do~~. ~~This really is done by storing an "instruction file" inside the registry of the program~~. ~~All your computer programs put these "manuals" into the registry~~, ~~permitting the computer to run a wide array of programs~~. ~~Whenever you load up one of those programs~~, ~~Windows merely looks up the program file in the registry~~, ~~plus carries out its instructions~~.<br>~~<br>The problem with almost all~~ of the ~~folks~~ is ~~that they never like to spend money~~. In the ~~damaged variation one does not have to pay anything and can download it from web especially easily. It~~ is ~~easy to install too~~. ~~However~~, the ~~issue comes whenever it really~~ is ~~not able~~ to ~~detect all possible viruses, spyware plus malware in~~ the ~~system. This really is because it is very obsolete inside nature plus refuses to get any standard changes from~~ the ~~site downloaded. Thus~~, ~~a system~~ is ~~accessible to problems like hacking.~~<br><br>~~To fix~~ the ~~issue that~~ is ~~caused~~ by ~~registry error, we should utilize a~~ [~~http:~~//~~bestregistrycleanerfix.com~~/~~tune-up-utilities tuneup utilities 2014]. That~~ is the ~~safest plus simplest technique for~~ average PC users. However there are thousands of registry products available out there. You need to find a wise 1 that really can resolve your problem. If you use a terrible one, we will anticipate more problems.<br><br>~~Windows relies heavily on this database, storing everything~~ from ~~the newest emails to your Internet favorites inside there~~. ~~Because it~~'s ~~thus important, a computer is continually adding~~ and ~~updating~~ the ~~files inside it. This really is okay, yet it can make~~ the ~~computer run slow~~, ~~when a computer accidentally breaks its crucial registry files. This is a extremely prevalent problem~~, and ~~really makes a computer run slower every day~~. ~~What arises~~ is the ~~fact that because your computer is continually using 100~~'s ~~of registry files at when~~, ~~it occasionally gets confused plus create several~~ of ~~them unreadable~~. ~~This~~ then ~~makes~~ a ~~computer run~~ slow~~, considering Windows takes longer~~ to ~~read~~ the ~~files~~ it ~~needs~~.~~<br><br>Another problem with all~~ the ~~cracked variation~~ is the ~~fact that it takes too much~~ time to ~~scan~~ the ~~system plus while it is very scanning~~, ~~you can not use~~ the ~~computer otherwise~~. ~~Moreover, there is no technical support to these cracked versions~~ which ~~means in~~ the ~~event you receive stuck someplace~~, ~~we can~~'~~t ask for help~~. ~~They even never have any customer service aid lines wherein we might call or mail to solve~~ the ~~issues.<br><br>What I would recommend~~ is ~~to search on~~ a ~~own~~ for ~~registry cleaners~~. ~~You~~ are ~~able to do this with~~ a ~~Google search~~. ~~Whenever you find goods~~, ~~look for critiques~~ and ~~testimonials regarding~~ the ~~product~~. ~~Then you~~ are able to ~~see how others like the product~~, ~~and how well it works~~.		In [[hydrology]], '''discharge''' is the volume rate of [[water]] flow, including any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals (e.g. CaCO<sub>3</sub><sub>(aq)</sub>), and/or biologic material (e.g. diatoms), which is transported through a given cross-sectional area.<ref>Buchanan, T.J. and Somers, W.P., 1969, Discharge Measurements at Gaging Stations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 3, Chapter A8, 1p.</ref> Frequently, other terms synonymous with discharge are used to describe the volumetric flow rate of water and are typically discipline dependent. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as [[streamflow]], whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system might define discharge as '''outflow''', which is contrasted with [[inflow (hydrology)\|inflow]].

			[[GH Dury]] and MJ Bradshaw are two [[hydrologists]] who devised models showing the relationship between discharge and other variables in a river. The [[Bradshaw model]] described how pebble size and other variables change from source to mouth; while Dury considered the relationships between discharge and variables such as slope and friction.

			The [[units of measurement\|units]] that are typically used to express discharge include m³/s (cubic meters per second), ft³/s (cubic feet per second or cfs) and/or acre-feet per day.<ref>Dunne, T., and Leopold, L.B., 1978, Water in Environmental Planning: San Francisco, Calif., W.H. Freeman, 257-258 p.</ref> For example, the average discharge of the [[Rhine]] river in Europe is {{convert\|2200\|m3/s\|cuft/s}} or {{convert\|154,000\|acre.ft\|m3}} per day.

			A commonly applied methodology for measuring, and estimating, the discharge of a river is based on a simplified form of the [[continuity equation]]. The equation implies that for any incompressible fluid, such as liquid water, the discharge (Q) is equal to the product of the stream's cross-sectional area (A) and its mean velocity (<math>\bar{u}</math>), and is written as:
			:<math>Q=A\,\bar{u}</math>
			where
			*<math>Q</math> is the discharge ([L<sup>3</sup>T<sup>−1</sup>]; m<sup>3</sup>/s or ft<sup>3</sup>/s)
			*<math>A</math> is the cross-sectional [[area]] of the portion of the channel occupied by the flow ([L<sup>2</sup>]; m<sup>2</sup> or ft<sup>2</sup>)
			*<math>\bar{u}</math> is the average flow [[velocity]] ([LT<sup>−1</sup>]; m/s or ft/s)

			==Catchment discharge==
			The [[drainage basin\|catchment]] of a river above a certain location is determined by the surface area of all land which drains toward the river from above that point. The river's discharge at that location depends on the rainfall on the catchment or [[drainage area]] and the inflow or outflow of groundwater to or from the area, stream modifications such as dams and irrigation diversions, as well as evaporation and evapotranspiration from the area's land and plant surfaces. In [[storm hydrology]], an important consideration is the stream's [[discharge hydrograph]], a record of how the discharge varies over time after a precipitation event. The stream rises to a peak flow after each precipitation event, then falls in a slow [[recession]]. Because the peak flow also corresponds to the maximum water level reached during the event, it is of interest in flood studies. Analysis of the relationship between precipitation intensity and duration, and the response of the stream discharge is aided by the concept of the [[unit hydrograph]] which represents the response of stream discharge over time to the application of a hypothetical "unit" amount and duration of rain, for example 1 cm over the entire catchment for a period of one hour. This represents a certain volume of water (depending on the area of the catchment) which must subsequently flow out of the river. Using this method either actual historical rainfalls or hypothetical "design storms" can be modeled mathematically to confirm characteristics of historical floods, or to predict a stream's reaction to a predicted storm.

			The relationship between the discharge in the stream at a given cross-section and the level of the stream is described by a [[rating curve]]. Average velocities and the cross-sectional area of the stream are measured for a given stream level. The velocity and the area give the discharge for that level. After measurements are made for several different levels, a [[rating table]] or rating curve may be developed. Once rated, the discharge in the stream may be determined by measuring the level, and determining the corresponding discharge from the rating curve. If a continuous level-recording device is located at a rated cross-section, the stream's discharge may be continuously determined.

			Flows with larger discharges are able to [[sediment transport\|transport]] more [[sediment]] downstream.

			==See also==
			* [[List of rivers by discharge]]
			* [[Volumetric flow rate]]
			* [[Groundwater discharge]]
			* [[Submarine groundwater discharge]]

			==References==
			<references />

			==External links==
			*USDA NRCS National Engineering Handbook, [http://www.info.usda.gov/CED/ftp/CED/neh630-ch14.pdf Stage Discharge Relationships, Ch. 14]
			*[http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/hydro/hydro-techref-neh-630.html USDA NRCS National Engineering Handbook]


			{{Hydropower}}

			[[Category:Hydrology]]
			[[Category:Rivers]]

en>Chris the speller: hyphenation, replaced: over-tighten → overtighten, Over-torquing → Overtorquing (2) using AWB (8267)

2012-08-19T17:03:05Z

hyphenation, replaced: over-tighten → overtighten, Over-torquing → Overtorquing (2) using AWB (8267)

New page

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