https://en.formulasearchengine.com/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=194.57.88.29 2026-07-08T13:28:23Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 https://en.formulasearchengine.com/w/index.php?title=Belyi%27s_theorem&diff=11748 2013-10-16T08:26:54Z

<p>194.57.88.29: </p> <hr /> <div>== Description ==<br /> The '''Physical Coding Sublayer''' (PCS) further helps to define physical layer specifications (speed and Duplex modes, etc.) for networking protocols like [[Fast Ethernet]], [[Gigabit Ethernet]] and [[10 Gigabit Ethernet]].<br /> <br /> The Ethernet PCS is part of the Ethernet PHY layer. The hierarchy is as follows:<br /> <br /> * [[Data Link Layer]] (Layer 2)<br /> ** LLC ([[Logical Link Control]] Sublayer)<br /> ** MAC ([[Media Access Control]] Sublayer)<br /> *** RS (Reconciliation Sublayer) - This sublayer processes PHY Local/Remote Fault messages and handles DDR conversion<br /> * [[physical layer | PHY Layer]] (Layer 1)<br /> ** PCS (Physical Coding Sublayer) - This sublayer performs [[autonegotiation]] and coding such as [[8b/10b encoding]]<br /> ** PMA (Physical Medium Attachment Sublayer) - This sublayer performs PMA framing, octet synchronization/detection, and &lt;math&gt;x^7+x^6+1&lt;/math&gt; scrambling/descrambling<br /> ** PMD ([[Physical Medium Dependent]] Sublayer) - This sublayer consists of a transceiver for the physical medium<br /> <br /> == Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) specifications ==<br /> <br /> ===10 Gigabit Ethernet===<br /> <br /> *10GBASE-R (LAN) is the serial encoded PCS that allows for Ethernet framing at a rate of approximately 10.3 Gbit/s (MAC = 10,000 Gbit/s, overhead = 64 B/66 B effective rate = 10,000 * 66/64 = 10,312.5 - see also [[64b/66b encoding]]). This rate does not match the rate 9.953 Gbit/s used in [[SONET]] and SDH and is not supported over a WAN based on SONET or SDH.<br /> *10GBASE-X (LAN) uses similar coding methods as 10GBASE-R but is only used in the definition of 10GBASE-LX4. This is mainly because LX4 operates on both single and multimode fibers, giving it a unique set of specifications as defined in its [[Physical Media Dependent|PMD]].<br /> *10GBASE-W (WAN) defines WAN encoding for 10GbE, it encodes the frames so that they are compatible with SONET STS-192c data rates and SDH VC-4-64 transmission standards allowing for 10 Gbit/s transmission across a WAN. It does this by wrapping the 64/66b payload into a SONET frame, making the effective rate 9.95 Gbit/s.<br /> <br /> === Lattice Semiconductor multi-protocol ===<br /> <br /> &quot;PCS logic can be configured to support numerous industry-standard, high-speed serial data transfer protocols.&quot;{{cite journal|title=LatticeECP3 SERDES/PCS Usage Guide|journal=Lattice semiconductor Corporation|pages=p 8–1|url=http://www.latticesemi.com/documents/tn1176.pdf}}<br /> Link is dead<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{cite journal|last=Barbieri|first=Alessandro|title=10 GbE and Its X Factors|journal=Packet: Cisco Systems Users Magazine|volume=17|issue=3|pages=25–28|url=http://www.cisco.com/asiapac/campaigns/metroethernet/files/10ge_po_pack_mag_arti.pdf|accessdate=2007-12-31}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/3/ae/public/mar00/figueira_1_0300.pdf IEEE 802.3 Meeting]<br /> * [http://www.xilinx.com/systemio/1gbsx_phy/basics.htm Ethernet 1000BASE-X PCS/PMA Technology Basics]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Networking standards]]<br /> {{compu-network-stub}}</div>

194.57.88.29