Mnemonics in trigonometry

2014-01-28T11:12:01Z

112.207.36.190: /* Mnemonic chart */

[[File:IELMehmetNadir.jpg|thumb|Mehmet Nadir Bey, with daughter Hadiye]]

'''Mehmet Nadir''' (1856–1927) was a [[Turkish people|Turkish]] mathematician and educationist

== Early life ==
He was born in [[Chios|Sakız]] island (modern Chios in [[Greece]]) then a part of the [[Ottoman Empire]], to a poor family. He was adopted by a sea captain (who’d be his father in law in the future). He studied in the military high school in [[Bursa]]. Then he came to [[İstanbul]] to study in military collage and then the naval academy. After completing his education with honours, he was appointed as the mathematics teacher of the naval academy and then [[Darüşşafaka High School]], one of the most prominent schools in İstanbul. In 1879, together with one of his friends he travelled to [[England]] for advanced studies. But the details of this period are not known. Probably, he also spent some time in [[Cyprus]].<ref name="İnönü">Erdal İnönü: ''Mehmet Nadir'', Tubitak, Ankara 1997, ISBN 975-403-074-X</ref>

== Educationist ==
After returning to İstanbul, he began teaching in private high schools and in 1884 he established a high school of his own. It was a junior high school ( ''Rüştiye''). But later he added senior high school section to his school (''İdadi'') . Although there were private junior high schools before 1884, he was the founder of the very first private senior high school in İstanbul.<ref name="İnönü"/> This school is now considered as the core of the modern [[Istanbul High School]] for Boys ({{lang-tr|İstanbul Erkek Lisesi}}). He also added a section for the girls and a branch school in [[Edirne]]. Another novelty he introduced was the first school newspaper in Istanbul.
<ref>[http://www.istanbullisesi.k12.tr/Okulumuz/Pages/Eski-Mudurlerimiz.aspx İstanbul Erkek Lisesi page {{tr icon}}]</ref>

== Politics and later life==
He secretly supported the [[Young Turks]] movement. But when the sultan [[Abdülhamit II]] arrested 350 Young Turk adherents on the charge of planning a coup in 1896, Mehmet Nadir was forced to resign. After working in a public school in İstanbul, in 1903 he was appointed to [[Aleppo]] (now in [[Syria]]) as the director of education. In 1908 Young Turks came to power and he was exiled to [[Tripoli]] (now in [[Libya]]) by the Young Turks who suspected of his betrayal back in 1896.<ref name="İnönü"/> After the [[Italo-Turkish War]] in which [[Italian army|Italians]] invaded Libya he returned to İstanbul. Although he was also sent to Edirne, he soon returned to İstanbul during the [[Balkan Wars]]. After he convinced Young Turks of his innocence, he was appointed as the mathematics professor in the newly established Girls' University in İstanbul. In 1919 soon after the [[World War I]] he began working in the [[Darülfünun]] (present day, [[İstanbul University]]) as a ''müderris'' (professor) of mathematics <ref>[http://www.istanbul.edu.tr/fen/mat/tarihce.php İstanbul University page]</ref> in the newly established branch of [[Number theory]]. He died on 27 December 1927.

== As a mathematician ==
Mehmet Nadir is considered as one of the first mathematicians of Turkey.<ref>[http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/~sertoz/turkler.htm The list in Bilkent University page]</ref> He actively participated in a group of mathematicians of a [[French language|French]] mathematics periodical named ''I’Intermediaire des Mathematiciens''. According to Professor [[Erdal İnönü]], total number of his messages to the periodical was 62. One example cited by Erdal İnönü is as follows<ref name="İnönü"/>
The whole number solution to the equation

:<math>x^2+y^2-z^2=u^5</math>

proposed by Mehmet Nadir is

:<math>x=b\cdot(a^2+b^2)\cdot (a^2-b^2)</math>
:<math>y=\frac{1}{2}\cdot((a^2-1)\cdot(a^2+b^2)^2-4\cdot b^2)</math>
:<math>z=\frac{1}{2}\cdot((a^2+1)\cdot(a^2+b^2)^2+4\cdot b^2)</math>
:<math>u=a^2+b^2</math>

where ''b'' is a pozitive integer and ''a'' is a positive odd integer.

In 1917 Mehmet Nadir published a book about the Number theory. In this book he proposed an alternative algorithm on divisibility. [[Felix Klein]], well known [[German people|German]] mathematics professor congratulated him for the algorithm.<ref name="İnönü"/>

== References ==
<references/>

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Nadir, Mehmet
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Turkish mathematician
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1856
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1927
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nadir, Mehmet}}
[[Category:1856 births]]
[[Category:1927 deaths]]
[[Category:Ottoman scientists]]
[[Category:Turkish mathematicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:People from Chios]]

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Mnemonics in trigonometry