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		<id>https://en.formulasearchengine.com/w/index.php?title=Multivariate_adaptive_regression_splines&amp;diff=261410</id>
		<title>Multivariate adaptive regression splines</title>
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		<updated>2014-12-28T00:00:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.65.0.6: /* The MARS model */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
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		<title>Arrhenius equation</title>
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		<updated>2014-12-08T01:57:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.65.0.101: /* Arrhenius&amp;#039; concept of activation energy */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Andera is what you can call her but she never really liked that name. It&#039;s not a common factor but what I like doing is to climb but I don&#039;t have the time recently. I&#039;ve usually loved living in Alaska. Invoicing is what I do for a residing but I&#039;ve always needed my own business.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Look at my blog; psychic love readings; [http://dev.Microoh.com/15962 dev.Microoh.com linked internet page],&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.65.0.101</name></author>
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		<title>Egyptian algebra</title>
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		<updated>2013-10-25T21:42:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.65.201.239: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;In the mathematical field of [[differential geometry]], a &#039;&#039;&#039;Frobenius manifold&#039;&#039;&#039; is a flat [[Riemannian manifold]] with a certain compatible multiplicative structure on the [[tangent space]].  The concept generalizes the notion of [[Frobenius algebra]] to tangent bundles.  They were introduced by Dubrovin.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;B. Dubrovin: &#039;&#039;Geometry of 2D topological ﬁeld theories.&#039;&#039; In: Springer LNM, 1620 (1996), pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;120–348.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Frobenius manifolds occur naturally in the subject of [[symplectic topology]], more specifically [[quantum cohomology]].  The broadest definition is in the category of Riemannian [[supermanifold]]s.  We will limit the discussion here to smooth (real) manifolds.  A restriction to complex manifolds is also possible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Definition ==&lt;br /&gt;
Let &#039;&#039;M&#039;&#039; be a smooth manifold.  An &#039;&#039;affine flat&#039;&#039; structure on &#039;&#039;M&#039;&#039; is a [[Sheaf (mathematics)|sheaf]] &#039;&#039;T&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; of vector spaces that pointwisely span &#039;&#039;TM&#039;&#039; the tangent bundle and the tangent bracket of pairs of its sections vanishes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As a local example consider the coordinate vectorfields over a chart of &#039;&#039;M&#039;&#039;.  A manifold admits an affine flat structure if one can glue together such vectorfields for a covering family of charts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let further be given a [[Riemannian metric]] &#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039; on &#039;&#039;M&#039;&#039;.  It is compatible to the flat structure if &#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;(&#039;&#039;X&#039;&#039;,&amp;amp;nbsp;&#039;&#039;Y&#039;&#039;) is locally constant for all flat vector fields &#039;&#039;X&#039;&#039; and&amp;amp;nbsp;&#039;&#039;Y&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A Riemannian manifold admits a compatible affine flat structure if and only if its [[Riemann curvature tensor|curvature tensor]] vanishes everywhere.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A family of &#039;&#039;commutative products *&#039;&#039; on &#039;&#039;TM&#039;&#039; is equivalent to a section &#039;&#039;A&#039;&#039; of &#039;&#039;S&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;(T&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;*&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;M&#039;&#039;)&amp;amp;nbsp;⊗&amp;amp;nbsp;&#039;&#039;TM&#039;&#039; via&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;X*Y = A(X,Y). \, &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We require in addition the property&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;g(X*Y,Z)=g(X,Y*Z). \, &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore the composition &#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;#&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;∘&#039;&#039;A&#039;&#039; is a symmetric 3-tensor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This implies in particular that a linear Frobenius manifold (&#039;&#039;M&#039;&#039;,&amp;amp;nbsp;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;,&amp;amp;nbsp;*) with constant product is a Frobenius algebra &#039;&#039;M&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Given (&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;,&amp;amp;nbsp;&#039;&#039;T&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;,&amp;amp;nbsp;&#039;&#039;A&#039;&#039;), a &#039;&#039;local potential Φ&#039;&#039; is a local smooth function such that&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;g(A(X,Y),Z)=X[Y[Z[\Phi]]] \, &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
for all flat vector fields &#039;&#039;X&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Y&#039;&#039;, and&amp;amp;nbsp;&#039;&#039;Z&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A &#039;&#039;Frobenius manifold&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;M&#039;&#039;,&amp;amp;nbsp;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;,&amp;amp;nbsp;*) is now a flat Riemannian manifold (&#039;&#039;M&#039;&#039;,&amp;amp;nbsp;&#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;) with symmetric 3-tensor &#039;&#039;A&#039;&#039; that admits everywhere a local potential and is associative.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Elementary properties ==&lt;br /&gt;
The associativity of the product * is equivalent to the following quadratic [[partial differential equation|PDE]] in the local potential &#039;&#039;&amp;amp;Phi;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt; \Phi_{,abe}g^{ef}\Phi_{,cdf} = \Phi_{,ade}g^{ef}\Phi_{,bcf} \, &amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
where Einstein&#039;s sum convention is implied, Φ&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;,a&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; denotes the partial derivative of the function Φ by the coordinate vectorfield ∂/∂&#039;&#039;x&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; which are all assumed to be flat.  &#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;ef&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; are the coefficients of the inverse of the metric.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The equation is therefore called associativity equation or Witten–Dijkgraaf–Verlinde–Verlinde (WDVV) equation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Examples ==&lt;br /&gt;
Beside Frobenius algebras, examples arise from quantum cohomology.  Namely, given a semipositive [[symplectic manifold]] (&#039;&#039;M&#039;&#039;,&amp;amp;nbsp;&#039;&#039;ω&#039;&#039;) then there exists an open neighborhood &#039;&#039;U&#039;&#039; of 0 in its even [[quantum cohomology]] QH&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;even&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;(&#039;&#039;M&#039;&#039;,&amp;amp;nbsp;&#039;&#039;ω&#039;&#039;) with Novikov ring over &#039;&#039;&#039;C&#039;&#039;&#039; such that the big quantum product *&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; for &#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039; in &#039;&#039;U&#039;&#039; is analytic.  Now &#039;&#039;U&#039;&#039; together with the [[intersection form]] &#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;=&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;lt;·,·&amp;amp;gt; is a (complex) Frobenius manifold.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}} &lt;br /&gt;
2. Yu.I. Manin, S.A. Merkulov: [http://arxiv.org/abs/alg-geom/9702014 &#039;&#039;Semisimple Frobenius (super)manifolds and quantum cohomology of &#039;&#039;&#039;P&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;r&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;],     Topol. Methods in Nonlinear [[Analysis]] 9 (1997), pp.&amp;amp;nbsp;107–161&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Frobenius Manifold}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Symplectic topology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Riemannian manifolds]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.65.201.239</name></author>
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