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The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a term used in medicine to describe an average blood pressure in an individual. It is defined as the average arterial pressure during a single cardiac cycle.

Calculation

Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) is represented mathematically by the formula:

R = ΔP/QA

R is TPR. ΔP is the change in pressure across the systemic circulation from its beginning to its end. Q is the flow through the vasculature (equal to cardiac output)

In other words:

Total Peripheral Resistance = (Mean Arterial Pressure - Mean Venous Pressure) / Cardiac Output

Therefore, Mean arterial pressure can be determined from:

$MAP=(CO\cdot SVR)+CVP$

where:

• $CO$ is cardiac output
• $SVR$ is systemic vascular resistance
• $CVP$ is central venous pressure and usually small enough to be neglected in this formula.

Estimation

At normal resting heart rates $MAP$ can be approximated using the more easily measured systolic and diastolic pressures, $SP$ and $DP$:

$MAP\simeq DP+\frac{1}{3}(SP-DP)$

or equivalently

$MAP\simeq \frac{2}{3}(DP)+\frac{1}{3}(SP)$

or equivalently

$MAP\simeq \frac{(2\times DP)+SP}{3}$

or equivalently

$MAP\simeq DP+\frac{1}{3}PP$

where $PP$ is the pulse pressure, $SP-DP$

At high heart rates $MAP$ is more closely approximated by the arithmetic mean of systolic and diastolic pressures because of the change in shape of the arterial pressure pulse.

Clinical significance

$MAP$ is considered to be the perfusion pressure seen by organs in the body.

It is believed that a $MAP$ that is greater than 60 mmHg is enough to sustain the organs of the average person. $MAP$ is normally between 70 to 110 mmHg

If the $MAP$ falls below this number for an appreciable time, vital organs will not get enough Oxygen perfusion, and will become ischemic.

See also

• Blood pressure
• Hypertension
• Pulse pressure

References

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External links

• Mean Arterial Pressure Calculator

currico.com.au http://currico.com.au/?option=com_k2&view=itemlist&task=user&id=102881.

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