Vector space model
Bulging factor is an engineering term describing the geometry of out-of plane deformations of the surface of a crack on a pressurized fuselage structure. It is used in evaluating the damage tolerance of airframe fuselages.[1]
The single curved geometry and pressure differential causes a longitudinal crack to bulge out or protrude from the original shape. This change in geometry, or “bulging effect”, significantly increases the stress intensity factor at the crack tips. The effects of this loading condition can trigger different types of failure mechanisms.
For the case of unstiffened shell structures, the bulging factor can be defined as the ratio of stress-intensity (SIF) of a curved shell to the stress-intensity factor of a flat panel:
The representation of this phenomenon becomes rather complex due to the biaxial and internal pressure load and structural configuration.[1]
References
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Lazghab Tarek, Fayza Ayari, Lotfy Chelbi. Crack growth in cylindrical aluminum shells with inner reinforcing foam layer. Springer, 2006. pp. 151.
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The Letter of Intent comprises a number of important considerations, similar to a clause to guard you within the event your job unexpectedly terminates, you are moved to a different nation by your employer, or some other motive you need to depart earlier than anticipated, thus permitting you to end your tenancy early if required. Nonetheless, this is solely usually allowed if your settlement is for at the very least one year. Even so, you will usually still have to present not less than two months discover and with this clause in place, your landlord will have to refund your deposit.
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