Fundamental theorems of welfare economics

In mathematics, a free regular set is a subset of a topological space that is acted upon disjointly under a given group action.

To be more precise, let X be a topological space. Let G be a group of homeomorphisms from X to X. Then we say that the action of the group G at a point $x\in X$ is freely discontinuous if there exists a neighborhood U of x such that $g(U)\cap U=\varnothing$ for all $g\in G$, excluding the identity. Such a U is sometimes called a nice neighborhood of x.

The set of points at which G is freely discontinuous is called the free regular set and is sometimes denoted by $\mathrm{\Omega }=\mathrm{\Omega }(G)$. Note that $\mathrm{\Omega }$ is an open set.

If Y is a subset of X, then Y/G is the space of equivalence classes, and it inherits the canonical topology from Y; that is, the projection from Y to Y/G is continuous and open.

Note that $\mathrm{\Omega }/G$ is a Hausdorff space.

Examples

The open set

$\mathrm{\Omega }(\mathrm{\Gamma })=\{\tau \in H:|\tau |>1,|\tau +\bar{\tau }|<1\}$

is the free regular set of the modular group $\mathrm{\Gamma }$ on the upper half-plane H. This set is called the fundamental domain on which modular forms are studied.

See also

• Covering map
• Klein geometry
• Homogenous space
• Clifford–Klein form
• G-torsor

References

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