Borel subgroup
Template:Mergeto Template:Essay In finite-state verification, model checkers examine finite-state machines representing concurrent software systems looking for errors in design. Errors are defined as violations of requirements expressed as properties of the system. In the event that the finite-state machine fails to satisfy the property, a model checker is in some cases capable of producing a counterexample – an execution of the system demonstrating how the error occurs.
Property specifications are often written as Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) expressions. Once a requirement is expressed as an LTL formula, a model checker can automatically verify this property against the model.
Example
One example of such a system requirement: Between the time an elevator is called at a floor and the time it opens its doors at that floor, the elevator can arrive at that floor at most twice.[1] The authors of "Patterns in Property Specification for Finite-State Verification" translate this requirement into the following LTL formula:
See also
- Finite-state machines
- Formal methods
- Formal verification
- Kripke structure
- Linear temporal logic
- Model checking
- Temporal logic
References
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Bibliography
- Z. Manna and Amir Pnueli, The Temporal Logic of Reactive and Concurrent Systems: Specification, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991.
- Amir Pnueli, The Temporal Logic of Programs. In Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS 1977), pages 46–57, 1977.
- ↑ M. Dwyer, G. Avruin, J. Corbett, Y. Hu, "Patterns in Property Specification for Finite-State Verification." In M. Ardis, editor, Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Formal Methods in Software Practice, pages 7–15, March 1998.