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In [[mathematics]], a '''biorthogonal system''' is a pair of [[indexed family|indexed families]] of vectors | |||
:<math>\tilde v_i</math> in {{mvar|E}} and <math>\tilde u_i</math> in {{mvar|F}} | |||
such that | |||
:<math> \langle\tilde v_i , \tilde u_j\rangle = \delta_{i,j} ,</math> | |||
where ''E'' and ''F'' form a pair of [[topological vector space]]s that are in [[dual space|duality]], {{math|{{langle}},{{rangle}}}} is a [[bilinear mapping]] and <math>\delta_{i,j}</math> is the [[Kronecker delta]]. | |||
A biorthogonal system in which {{math|1={{var|E}} = {{var|F}}}} and <math>\tilde v_i = \tilde u_i</math> is an [[Orthogonal basis|orthonormal system]]. | |||
An example is the pair of sets of respectively left and right eigenvectors of a matrix, indexed by eigenvalue.{{cn|date=January 2013}} | |||
==Projection== | |||
Related to a biorthogonal system is the projection | |||
:<math>P:= \sum_{i \in I} \tilde u_i \otimes \tilde v_i </math>, | |||
where <math>\left( u \otimes v\right) (x):= u \langle v, x\rangle</math>; its image is the [[linear span]] of <math>\{\tilde u_i: i \in I\}</math>, and the | |||
[[kernel (algebra)|kernel]] is <math>\{\langle\tilde v_i, \cdot\rangle = 0: i \in I \}</math>. | |||
==Construction== | |||
Given a possibly non-orthogonal set of vectors <math>\mathbf{u}= (u_i)</math> and <math>\mathbf{v}= (v_i)</math> the projection related is | |||
:<math>P= \sum_{i,j} u_i \left( \langle\mathbf{v}, \mathbf{u}\rangle^{-1}\right)_{j,i} \otimes v_j</math>, | |||
where <math> \langle\mathbf{v},\mathbf{u}\rangle </math> is the matrix with entries <math> \left(\langle\mathbf{v},\mathbf{u}\rangle\right)_{i,j}= \langle v_i, u_j\rangle </math>. | |||
* <math>\tilde u_i:= (I-P) u_i</math>, and <math>\tilde v_i:= \left(I-P \right)^* v_i</math> then is an orthogonal system. | |||
==See also== | |||
* [[Dual space]] | |||
* [[Dual pair]] | |||
* [[Orthogonality]] | |||
* [[Orthogonalization]] | |||
==References== | |||
*Jean Dieudonné, ''On biorthogonal systems'' Michigan Math. J. 2 (1953), no. 1, 7–20 [http://projecteuclid.org/Dienst/UI/1.0/Summarize/euclid.mmj/1028989861] | |||
[[Category:Topological vector spaces]] |
Revision as of 04:20, 29 January 2014
In mathematics, a biorthogonal system is a pair of indexed families of vectors
- in Template:Mvar and in Template:Mvar
such that
where E and F form a pair of topological vector spaces that are in duality, Buying, selling and renting HDB and personal residential properties in Singapore are simple and transparent transactions. Although you are not required to engage a real property salesperson (generally often known as a "public listed property developers In singapore agent") to complete these property transactions, chances are you'll think about partaking one if you are not accustomed to the processes concerned.
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A biorthogonal system in which Buying, selling and renting HDB and personal residential properties in Singapore are simple and transparent transactions. Although you are not required to engage a real property salesperson (generally often known as a "public listed property developers In singapore agent") to complete these property transactions, chances are you'll think about partaking one if you are not accustomed to the processes concerned.
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This feature is suitable for you who need to get the tax deductions out of your PIC scheme to your property agency firm. It's endorsed that you visit the correct site for filling this tax return software. This utility must be submitted at the very least yearly to report your whole tax and tax return that you're going to receive in the current accounting 12 months. There may be an official website for this tax filling procedure. Filling this tax return software shouldn't be a tough thing to do for all business homeowners in Singapore.
A wholly owned subsidiary of SLP Worldwide, SLP Realty houses 900 associates to service SLP's fast rising portfolio of residential tasks. Real estate is a human-centric trade. Apart from offering comprehensive coaching applications for our associates, SLP Realty puts equal emphasis on creating human capabilities and creating sturdy teamwork throughout all ranges of our organisational hierarchy. Worldwide Presence At SLP International, our staff of execs is pushed to make sure our shoppers meet their enterprise and investment targets. Under is an inventory of some notable shoppers from completely different industries and markets, who've entrusted their real estate must the expertise of SLP Worldwide.
If you're looking for a real estate or Singapore property agent online, you merely need to belief your instinct. It is because you don't know which agent is sweet and which agent will not be. Carry out research on a number of brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you find yourself certain that a selected agent is dependable and trustworthy, you'll be able to choose to utilize his partnerise find you a house in Singapore. More often than not, a property agent is considered to be good if she or he places the contact data on his web site. This is able to imply that the agent does not thoughts you calling them and asking them any questions regarding properties in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them of their office after taking an appointment.
Another method by way of which you could find out whether the agent is sweet is by checking the feedback, of the shoppers, on the website. There are various individuals would publish their comments on the web site of the Singapore property agent. You can take a look at these feedback and the see whether it will be clever to hire that specific Singapore property agent. You may even get in contact with the developer immediately. Many Singapore property brokers know the developers and you may confirm the goodwill of the agent by asking the developer. and is an orthonormal system.
An example is the pair of sets of respectively left and right eigenvectors of a matrix, indexed by eigenvalue.Template:Cn
Projection
Related to a biorthogonal system is the projection
where ; its image is the linear span of , and the kernel is .
Construction
Given a possibly non-orthogonal set of vectors and the projection related is
where is the matrix with entries .
See also
References
- Jean Dieudonné, On biorthogonal systems Michigan Math. J. 2 (1953), no. 1, 7–20 [1]