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Anton Zeilinger (born on 20 May 1945) is an Austrian quantum physicist who in 2008 received the Inaugural Isaac Newton Medal of the Institute of Physics (UK) for "his pioneering conceptual and experimental contributions to the foundations of quantum physics, which have become the cornerstone for the rapidly-evolving field of quantum information". Zeilinger is professor of physics at the University of Vienna and Senior Scientist at the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information IQOQI at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Most of his research concerns the fundamental aspects and applications of quantum entanglement.

Biography

Anton Zeilinger, born 1945 in Austria, has held positions at the Technical University of Vienna and the University of Innsbruck. He has held visiting positions at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), at Humboldt University in Berlin, Merton College of Oxford University and the Collège de France (Chaire Internationale) in Paris. Zeilinger's awards include the Wolf Prize in Physics (2010), the Inaugural Isaac Newton Medal of the IOP (2007) and the King Faisal International Prize (2005). In 2005, Anton Zeilinger was among the "10 people who could change the world", elected by the British newspaper New Statesman.^[1]^[2] He is a member of seven Scientific Academies. Anton Zeilinger is currently Professor of Physics at the University of Vienna and Senior Scientist at the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences to whose President he was recently elected.^[3] Since 2006, Zeilinger is the vice chairman of the board of trustees of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria, an ambitious project initiated by Zeilinger's proposal. In 2009, he founded the International Academy Traunkirchen^[4] which is dedicated to the support of gifted students in science and technology. He is a fan of the Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy by Douglas Adams, going so far as to name his sailboat 42.^[5]

Work

Anton Zeilinger is a pioneer in the field of quantum information and of the foundations of quantum mechanics. He realized many important quantum information protocols for the first time, including quantum teleportation of an independent qubit, entanglement swapping (i.e. the teleportation of an entangled state), hyper-dense coding (which was the first entanglement-based protocol ever realized in experiment), entanglement-based quantum cryptography, one-way quantum computation and blind quantum computation. His further contributions to the experimental and conceptual foundations of quantum mechanics include multi-particle entanglement and matter wave interference all the way from neutrons via atoms to macromolecules such as fullerenes.

Quantum teleportation

Most widely known is his first realization of quantum teleportation of an independent qubit.^[6] He later expanded this work to developing a source for freely propagating teleported qubits^[7] and most recently, quantum teleportation over 144 kilometers between two Canary Islands.^[8] Quantum teleportation is an essential concept in many quantum information protocols. Besides its role for the transfer of quantum information, it is also considered as an important possible mechanism for building gates within quantum computers.

Entanglement swapping – teleportation of entanglement

Entanglement swapping is the teleportation of an entangled state. After its proposal,^[9] entanglement swapping has first been realized experimentally by Zeilinger’s group in 1998.^[10] It has recently been applied to carry out a delayed-choice entanglement swapping test.^[11] Entanglement swapping is the crucial ingredient for quantum repeaters which are expected to connect future quantum computers.

Entanglement beyond two qubits – GHZ-states and their realizations

Anton Zeilinger contributed decisively to the opening up of the field of multi-particle entanglement. In 1997, he was the first with Greenberger and Horne to work on entanglement of more than two qubits.^[12] The resulting GHZ theorem (see Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state) is fundamental for quantum physics, as it provides the most succinct contradiction between local realism and the predictions of quantum mechanics. Also, GHZ states opened up the field of multi-particle entanglement.

Surprisingly, multi-particle entangled states exhibit qualitatively different properties compared to two-particle entanglement. In the 1990s, it became the main goal of Zeilinger’s research to realize such GHZ states in the laboratory, which required the development of many new methods and tools.

Finally, in 1999, he succeeded in providing the first experimental evidence of entanglement beyond two particles^[13] and also the first test of quantum nonlocality for GHZ states.^[14] He also was the first to realize that there are different classes of higher-dimensional entangled states and proposed W-states. Today, multi-particle states became an essential workhorse in quantum computation and thus, GHZ-states have even become an individual entry in the PACS code.

Quantum communication, quantum cryptography, quantum computation

In 1996, Anton Zeilinger with his group realized hyper-dense coding.^[15] There, one can encode into one qubit more than one classical bit of information. This was the first realization of a quantum information protocol with an entangled state, where one is able to achieve something impossible with classical physics.

In 1998 (published in 2000),^[16] his group was the first to implement quantum cryptography with entangled photons. Zeilinger’s group is now also developing a quantum cryptography prototype in collaboration with industry.

He then also applied quantum entanglement to optical quantum computation, where in 2005,^[17] he performed the first implementation of one-way quantum computation. This is a protocol based on quantum measurement as proposed by Knill, Laflamme and Milburn.^[18] Most recently, it has been shown^[19] that one-way quantum computation can be used to implement blind quantum computing. This solves a problem in Cloud computing, namely that, whatever algorithm a client employs on a quantum server is completely unknown, i.e. blind, to the operator of the server.

The experiments of Zeilinger and his group on the distribution of entanglement over large distances began with both free-space and fiber-based quantum communication and teleportation between laboratories located on the different sides of the river Danube. This was then extended to larger distances across the city of Vienna and over 144 km between two Canary Islands, resulting in a successful demonstration that quantum communication with satellites is feasible. His dream is to put sources of entangled light onto a satellite in orbit.^[5] A first step was achieved during an experiment at the Italian Matera Laser Ranging Observatory.^[20]

Further novel entangled states

With his group, Anton Zeilinger made many contributions to the realization of novel entangled states. The source for polarization-entangled photon pairs developed with Paul Kwiat when he was a PostDoc in Zeilinger's group^[21] became a workhorse in many laboratories world-wide. The first demonstration of entanglement of orbital angular momentum of photons ^[22] opened up a new burgeoning field of research in many laboratories.

Macroscopic quantum superposition

Zeilinger is also interested to extend quantum mechanics into the macroscopic domain. In the early 1990s, he started experiments in the field of atom optics. He developed a number of ways to coherently manipulate atomic beams, many of which, like the coherent energy shift of an atomic De Broglie wave upon diffraction at a time-modulated light wave, have become cornerstones of today’s ultracold atom experiments. In 1999, Zeilinger abandoned atom optics for experiments with very complex and massive macro-molecules – fullerenes. The successful demonstration of quantum interference for these $C_{60}$ and $C_{70}$ molecules^[23] in 1999 opened up a very active field of research. Key results include the most precise quantitative study to date of decoherence by thermal radiation and by atomic collisions and the first quantum interference of complex biological macro-molecules. This work is continued by Markus Arndt.

In 2005, Zeilinger with his group again started a new field, the quantum physics of mechanical cantilevers. The group was the first – in the year 2006 along with work from Heidmann in Paris and Kippenberg in Garching – to demonstrate experimentally the self-cooling of a micro-mirror by radiation pressure, that is, without feedback.^[24] That phenomenon can be seen as a consequence of the coupling of a high-entropy mechanical system with a low-entropy radiation field. This work is now continued independently by Markus Aspelmeyer.

Most recently, using orbital angular momentum states, he was able to demonstrate entanglement of angular momentum up to 300 ħ.^[25]

Further fundamental tests

Zeilinger’s program of fundamental tests of quantum mechanics is aimed at implementing experimental realizations of many non-classical features of quantum physics for individual systems. In 1998,^[26] he provided the final test of Bell’s inequality closing the communication loophole by using superfast random number generators. More recently, his group also realized the first Bell inequality experiment implementing the freedom-of-choice condition^[27] and, most recently^[28]], they provided for photons the first realization of a Bell test without the fair sampling assumption. All these experiments are not only of fundamental interest, but also important for quantum cryptography. A finally loophole-free entanglement-based implementation of quantum cryptography is generally considered to be absolutely secure against any eavesdropping.

Among the further fundamental tests he performed the most notable one is his test of a large class of nonlocal realistic theories proposed by Leggett.^[29] The group of theories excluded by that experiment can be classified as those which allow reasonable subdivision of ensembles into sub-ensembles. It goes significantly beyond Bell's theorem. While Bell showed that a theory which is both local and realistic is at variance with quantum mechanics, Leggett considered nonlocal realistic theories where the individual photons are assumed to carry polarization. The resulting Leggett inequality was shown to be violated in the experiments of the Zeilinger group.^[30]

In an analogous way, his group showed that even quantum systems where entanglement is not possible exhibit non-classical features which cannot be explained by underlying non-contextual probability distributions.^[31] It is expected that these latter experiments will also open up novel ways for quantum information.

Neutron interferometry

Anton Zeilinger’s earliest work is perhaps his least known. His work on neutron interferometry has provided an important foundation for his later research achievements. As a member of the group of his thesis supervisor, Helmut Rauch, at the Technical University of Vienna, Zeilinger participated in a number of neutron interferometry experiments at the Institut Laue–Langevin (ILL) in Grenoble. His very first such experiment confirmed a fundamental prediction of quantum mechanics, the sign change of a spinor phase upon rotation. This was followed by the first experimental realization of coherent spin superposition of matter waves. He continued his work in neutron interferometry at MIT with C.G. Shull (Nobel Laureate, focusing specifically on dynamical diffraction effects of neutrons in perfect crystals which are due to multi-wave coherent superposition. After his return to Europe, he built up an interferometer for very cold neutrons which preceded later similar experiments with atoms. The fundamental experiments there included a most precise test of the linearity of quantum mechanics and a beautiful double-slit diffraction experiment with only one neutron at a time in the apparatus. Actually, in that experiment, while one neutron was registered, the next neutron still resided in its Uranium nucleus waiting for fission to happen.

Then, as a professor at the University of Innsbruck, Zeilinger started experiments on entangled photons, as the low phase space density of neutrons produced by reactors precluded their use in such experiments.

Honours and awards

International prizes and awards

Finalist, World Technology Award for Communication Technology (2012)
Wolf Prize in Physics (2010, with Alain Aspect and John Clauser)
Grand Merit Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (2009)
ERC Advanced Grant (2008)
Quantum Communication Award (2008)
Inaugural Isaac Newton Medal (Institute of Physics, 2008)
Quantum Electronics Prize (2007)
King Faisal International Prize (2005)
Descartes Prize(2005)
Lorenz-Oken-Medal of the Society of German Scientists and Physicians (2004)
Klopsteg Memorial Award (2004)
Sartorius Prize (2003)
Order Pour le Mérite for Arts and Sciences (2001)
Senior Humboldt Fellow Prize (2000)
European Optics Prize (1997)
European Lecturer (1996)
Prix Vinci d'Excellence (1995)

Austrian prizes and awards

Großer Tiroler Adler Orden (2013)
Grand Gold Decoration, City of Vienna (2006)
Wilhelm-Exner-Medal (2005)
Johannes Kepler-Prize (2002)
Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (2001, Austrian equivalent to the Order of Merit)^[32]
Visionary of the Year in Science (2001)
Science Award of the City of Vienna (2000)
Kardinal Innitzer Würdigungspreis (1997)
Austrian Scientist of the Year (1996)
Junior Prize of the Theodor Körner Foundation (1980)
Prize for Junior Scientists, Kardinal Innitzer Foundation (1979)
Prize of the City of Vienna for the Encouragement of Young Scientists (1975)

Further distinctions

Honorary doctorates from the Humboldt University of Berlin (2005) and the University of Gdańsk (2006)
Honorary Professor, University of Science and Technology of China (1996)
Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, Berlin-Brandenburg, Austrian and Slovak Academies of Sciences, the Academia Scientiarum et Artium Europaea, the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and the French Académie des Sciences
Fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Asteroid 48681 Zeilinger named for him to mark his 60th birthday (2005)
Holder of numerous distinguished lectures, among them, the Seventh Johannes Gutenberg Endowed Professorship at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (2006)

References

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

External links

Zeilinger's homepage
Homepage of the International Academy Traunkirchen
Quantum Teleportation by Zeilinger, 2003 update of 2000 Scientific American article
Es stellt sich letztlich heraus, dass Information ein wesentlicher Grundbaustein der Welt ist, a German-language interview with Zeilinger by Andrea Naica-Loebell
Spooky action and beyond an interview with Anton Zeilinger at signandsight.com
The lecture delivered by Professor Anton Zeilinger as the inaugural recipient of the Isaac Newton Medal, Institute of Physics, 17 June 2008, [1] (68 min 25 sec).
Note: On the page linked, a second video is accommodated which shows Professor Zeilinger speaking amongst others about his personal life.
Anton Zeilinger on the opening panel discussion at the Quantum to Cosmos festival at Perimeter Institute with Katherine Freese, Leo Kadanoff, Lawrence Krauss, Neil Turok, Sean M. Carroll, Gino Segrè, Andrew White, and David Tong.

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↑ D. Bouwmeester, J. W. Pan, K. Mattle, M. Eibl, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, Experimental Quantum Teleportation, Nature 390, 575-579 (1997). Abstract. Selected for the Nature “Looking Back” category of classic papers from Nature’s archive; one of ISI’s “Highly Cited Papers”.
↑ J.-W. Pan, S. Gasparoni, M. Aspelmeyer, T. Jennewein & A. Zeilinger, Experimental Realization of Freely Propagating Teleported Qubits, Nature 421, 721-725 (2003). Abstract.Selected by the International Institute of Physics as one of the top ten Physics Highlights in 2003.
↑ X.-S. Ma, T. Herbst, T. Scheidl, D. Wang, S. Kropatschek, W. Naylor, B. Wittmann, A. Mech, J. Kofler, E. Anisimova, V. Makarov, T. Jennewein, R. Ursin & A. Zeilinger, Quantum teleportation over 143 kilometres using active feed-forward, Nature 489, 269-273 (2012). Abstract.
↑ M. Zukowski, A. Zeilinger, M. A. Horne & A.K. Ekert, Event-Ready-Detectors Bell Experiment via Entanglement Swapping, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 4287-90 (1993). Abstract.
↑ J.-W. Pan, D. Bouwmeester, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, Experimental entanglement swapping: Entangling photons that never interacted, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (18), 3891-3894 (1998). Abstract.
↑ X.-S. Ma, S.Zotter, J. Kofler, R. Ursin, T. Jennewein, Č. Brukner & A. Zeilinger, Experimental delayed-choice entanglement swapping, Nature Physics 8, 479–484 (2012). Abstract.
↑ D. M. Greenberger, M. A. Horne, A. Shimony & A. Zeilinger, Bell’s Theorem without Inequalities, American Journal of Physics 58, 1131-1143 (1990). This paper has become a citation classic.
↑ D. Bouwmeester, J.-W. Pan, M. Daniell, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, Observation of three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement, Phys.Rev. Lett. 82 (7), 1345-1349 (1999). Abstract.
↑ J.-W. Pan, D. Bouwmeester, M. Daniell, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, Experimental test of quantum nonlocality in three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement, Nature 403, 515-519 (2000). Abstract.
↑ K. Mattle, H. Weinfurter, P.G. Kwiat & A. Zeilinger, Dense Coding in Experimental Quantum Communication, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4656-59 (1996). Abstract.
↑ T. Jennewein, C. Simon, G. Weihs, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, Quantum Cryptography with Entangled Photons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4729–4732 (2000). Abstract. This paper was featured in several popular science magazines, both online and in print.
↑ P. Walther, K.J. Resch, T. Rudolph, E. Schenck, H. Weinfurter, V. Vedral, M. Aspelmeyer & A. Zeilinger, Experimental one-way quantum computing, Nature 434 (7030), 169-176 (2005). Abstract.
↑ E. Knill, R. Laflamme & G. J. Milburn, A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics, Nature 409, 46-52 (2001). Abstract.
↑ S. Barz, E. Kashefi, A. Broadbent, J. F. Fitzsimons, A. Zeilinger & P. Walther, Demonstration of Blind Quantum Computing, Science 20, 303-308 (2012). Abstract.
↑ P. Villoresi, T. Jennewein, F. Tamburini, M. Aspelmeyer, C. Bonato, R. Ursin, C. Pernechele, V. Luceri, G. Bianco, A. Zeilinger & C. Barbieri,Experimental verification of the feasibility of a quantum channel between Space and Earth, New Journal of Physics 10, 033038 (2008).
↑ P.G. Kwiat, K. Mattle, H. Weinfurter, A. Zeilinger, A.V. Sergienko & Y.H. Shih, New High-Intensity Source of Polarization-Entangled Photon Pairs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (24), 4337-41 (1995). Abstract.
↑ A. Mair, A. Vaziri, G. Weihs & A. Zeilinger, Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons, Nature 412 (6844), 313-316 (2001). Abstract.
↑ M. Arndt, O. Nairz, J. Voss-Andreae, C. Keller, G. van der Zouw & A. Zeilinger, Wave-particle duality of C60 molecules, Nature 401, 680-682 (1999). Abstract. Selected by the American Physical Society as a physics highlight of 1999.
↑ S. Gigan, H. R. Böhm, M. Paternostro, F. Blaser, G. Langer, J. B. Hertzberg, K. Schwab, D. Bäuerle, M. Aspelmeyer & A. Zeilinger, Self-cooling of a micro-mirror by radiation pressure, Nature 444, 67-70 (2006). Abstract. Selected as “Highlight of the recent literature” by Science (January 2007).
↑ R. Fickler, R. Lapkiewicz, W. N. Plick, M. Krenn, C. Schäff, S. Ramelow & A. Zeilinger, Quantum entanglement of high angular momenta, Science 338, 640-643 (2012). Abstract. Selected as one of the top 10 breakthroughs of the year 2012 by IOP’s Physics World. Also featured in DPG’s Physik Journal.
↑ G. Weihs, T. Jennewein, C. Simon, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, Violation of Bell’s inequality under strict Einstein locality conditions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (23), 5039-5043 (1998). Abstract. This paper is a classic. It is cited (among others) in the German Wikipedia article on Bell’s inequality and in several popular science books and science books for University students.
↑ T. Scheidl, R. Ursin, J. Kofler, S. Ramelow, X. Ma, T. Herbst, L. Ratschbacher, A. Fedrizzi, N. K. Langford, T. Jennewein & A. Zeilinger, Violation of local realism with freedom of choice, PNAS 107 (46), 19709 – 19713 (2010). Abstract
↑ M. Giustina et al., in press.
↑ A. J. Leggett, Nonlocal Hidden-Variable Theories and Quantum Mechanics: An Incompatibility Theorem, Foundations of Physics 33 (10), 1469-1493 (2003)(doi:10.1023/A:1026096313729) Abstract.
↑ S. Gröblacher, T. Paterek, R. Kaltenbaek, C. Brukner, M. Zukowski, M. Aspelmeyer & A. Zeilinger, An experimental test of non-local realism, Nature 446, 871-875 (2007). Abstract.
↑ R. Lapkiewicz, P. Li, C. Schäff, N. K. Langford, S. Ramelow, M. Wiesniak & A. Zeilinger, Experimental non-classicality of an indivisible quantum system, Nature 474, 490–493 (2011).Abstract
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[autogenerated1-5] 5.0 ^5.1 One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

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[6] D. Bouwmeester, J. W. Pan, K. Mattle, M. Eibl, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, Experimental Quantum Teleportation, Nature 390, 575-579 (1997). Abstract. Selected for the Nature “Looking Back” category of classic papers from Nature’s archive; one of ISI’s “Highly Cited Papers”.

[7] J.-W. Pan, S. Gasparoni, M. Aspelmeyer, T. Jennewein & A. Zeilinger, Experimental Realization of Freely Propagating Teleported Qubits, Nature 421, 721-725 (2003). Abstract.Selected by the International Institute of Physics as one of the top ten Physics Highlights in 2003.

[8] X.-S. Ma, T. Herbst, T. Scheidl, D. Wang, S. Kropatschek, W. Naylor, B. Wittmann, A. Mech, J. Kofler, E. Anisimova, V. Makarov, T. Jennewein, R. Ursin & A. Zeilinger, Quantum teleportation over 143 kilometres using active feed-forward, Nature 489, 269-273 (2012). Abstract.

[9] M. Zukowski, A. Zeilinger, M. A. Horne & A.K. Ekert, Event-Ready-Detectors Bell Experiment via Entanglement Swapping, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 4287-90 (1993). Abstract.

[10] J.-W. Pan, D. Bouwmeester, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, Experimental entanglement swapping: Entangling photons that never interacted, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (18), 3891-3894 (1998). Abstract.

[11] X.-S. Ma, S.Zotter, J. Kofler, R. Ursin, T. Jennewein, Č. Brukner & A. Zeilinger, Experimental delayed-choice entanglement swapping, Nature Physics 8, 479–484 (2012). Abstract.

[12] D. M. Greenberger, M. A. Horne, A. Shimony & A. Zeilinger, Bell’s Theorem without Inequalities, American Journal of Physics 58, 1131-1143 (1990). This paper has become a citation classic.

[13] D. Bouwmeester, J.-W. Pan, M. Daniell, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, Observation of three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement, Phys.Rev. Lett. 82 (7), 1345-1349 (1999). Abstract.

[14] J.-W. Pan, D. Bouwmeester, M. Daniell, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, Experimental test of quantum nonlocality in three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement, Nature 403, 515-519 (2000). Abstract.

[15] K. Mattle, H. Weinfurter, P.G. Kwiat & A. Zeilinger, Dense Coding in Experimental Quantum Communication, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4656-59 (1996). Abstract.

[16] T. Jennewein, C. Simon, G. Weihs, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, Quantum Cryptography with Entangled Photons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4729–4732 (2000). Abstract. This paper was featured in several popular science magazines, both online and in print.

[17] P. Walther, K.J. Resch, T. Rudolph, E. Schenck, H. Weinfurter, V. Vedral, M. Aspelmeyer & A. Zeilinger, Experimental one-way quantum computing, Nature 434 (7030), 169-176 (2005). Abstract.

[18] E. Knill, R. Laflamme & G. J. Milburn, A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics, Nature 409, 46-52 (2001). Abstract.

[19] S. Barz, E. Kashefi, A. Broadbent, J. F. Fitzsimons, A. Zeilinger & P. Walther, Demonstration of Blind Quantum Computing, Science 20, 303-308 (2012). Abstract.

[20] P. Villoresi, T. Jennewein, F. Tamburini, M. Aspelmeyer, C. Bonato, R. Ursin, C. Pernechele, V. Luceri, G. Bianco, A. Zeilinger & C. Barbieri,Experimental verification of the feasibility of a quantum channel between Space and Earth, New Journal of Physics 10, 033038 (2008).

[21] P.G. Kwiat, K. Mattle, H. Weinfurter, A. Zeilinger, A.V. Sergienko & Y.H. Shih, New High-Intensity Source of Polarization-Entangled Photon Pairs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (24), 4337-41 (1995). Abstract.

[22] A. Mair, A. Vaziri, G. Weihs & A. Zeilinger, Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons, Nature 412 (6844), 313-316 (2001). Abstract.

[23] M. Arndt, O. Nairz, J. Voss-Andreae, C. Keller, G. van der Zouw & A. Zeilinger, Wave-particle duality of C60 molecules, Nature 401, 680-682 (1999). Abstract. Selected by the American Physical Society as a physics highlight of 1999.

[24] S. Gigan, H. R. Böhm, M. Paternostro, F. Blaser, G. Langer, J. B. Hertzberg, K. Schwab, D. Bäuerle, M. Aspelmeyer & A. Zeilinger, Self-cooling of a micro-mirror by radiation pressure, Nature 444, 67-70 (2006). Abstract. Selected as “Highlight of the recent literature” by Science (January 2007).

[25] R. Fickler, R. Lapkiewicz, W. N. Plick, M. Krenn, C. Schäff, S. Ramelow & A. Zeilinger, Quantum entanglement of high angular momenta, Science 338, 640-643 (2012). Abstract. Selected as one of the top 10 breakthroughs of the year 2012 by IOP’s Physics World. Also featured in DPG’s Physik Journal.

[26] G. Weihs, T. Jennewein, C. Simon, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, Violation of Bell’s inequality under strict Einstein locality conditions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (23), 5039-5043 (1998). Abstract. This paper is a classic. It is cited (among others) in the German Wikipedia article on Bell’s inequality and in several popular science books and science books for University students.

[27] T. Scheidl, R. Ursin, J. Kofler, S. Ramelow, X. Ma, T. Herbst, L. Ratschbacher, A. Fedrizzi, N. K. Langford, T. Jennewein & A. Zeilinger, Violation of local realism with freedom of choice, PNAS 107 (46), 19709 – 19713 (2010). Abstract

[28] M. Giustina et al., in press.

[29] A. J. Leggett, Nonlocal Hidden-Variable Theories and Quantum Mechanics: An Incompatibility Theorem, Foundations of Physics 33 (10), 1469-1493 (2003)(doi:10.1023/A:1026096313729) Abstract.

[30] S. Gröblacher, T. Paterek, R. Kaltenbaek, C. Brukner, M. Zukowski, M. Aspelmeyer & A. Zeilinger, An experimental test of non-local realism, Nature 446, 871-875 (2007). Abstract.

[31] R. Lapkiewicz, P. Li, C. Schäff, N. K. Langford, S. Ramelow, M. Wiesniak & A. Zeilinger, Experimental non-classicality of an indivisible quantum system, Nature 474, 490–493 (2011).Abstract

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Representation theory of diffeomorphism groups: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:26, 20 March 2013

Contents

Biography

Work

Quantum teleportation

Entanglement swapping – teleportation of entanglement

Entanglement beyond two qubits – GHZ-states and their realizations

Quantum communication, quantum cryptography, quantum computation

Further novel entangled states

Macroscopic quantum superposition

Further fundamental tests

Neutron interferometry

Honours and awards

International prizes and awards

Austrian prizes and awards

Further distinctions

See also

References

External links

Navigation menu

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-== Vibram Five Fingers Sydney  finance ==
+{{Infobox scientist
+| name = Anton Zeilinger
+|image             = Godany zeilinger2011 2452 blackboard.jpg
+|image_size = 243px
+| caption = <small>photo: J. Godany (2011)</small>
+| birth_date = 20 May 1945
+| birth_place = [[Ried im Innkreis]], [[Austria]]
+| death_date =
+| death_place =
+| residence = [[Austria]]n
+| citizenship =
+| nationality = Austrian
+| ethnicity =
+| fields = [[Physicist]]
+| workplaces = [[University of Vienna]]<br>[[Technical University of Munich]]<br>[[Technical University of Vienna]]<br>[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]<br/>[[Collège de France]]<br/>[[Merton College, Oxford University]]
+| alma_mater =
+| doctoral_advisor = [[Helmut Rauch]]
+| academic_advisors =
+| doctoral_students =
+| notable_students =
+| known_for = [[Quantum teleportation]]<br>Experimental validation of [[Bell's Inequality]]<br>[[Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state]]
+| author_abbrev_bot =
+| author_abbrev_zoo =
+| influences =
+| influenced =
+| awards = [[Isaac Newton Medal]] (2007) <br />
+[[Wolf Prize]] (2010)
+| religion =
+| signature = <!--(filename only)-->
+| footnotes =
+}}
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+'''Anton Zeilinger''' (born on 20 May 1945) is an Austrian [[Quantum mechanics|quantum]] [[physicist]] who in 2008 received the [[Isaac Newton Medal|Inaugural Isaac Newton Medal]] of the [[Institute of Physics]] (UK) for "his pioneering conceptual and experimental contributions to the foundations of [[quantum physics]], which have become the cornerstone for the rapidly-evolving field of [[quantum information]]". Zeilinger is [[professor]] of physics at the [[University of Vienna]] and Senior Scientist at the [[Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information]] IQOQI at the [[Austrian Academy of Sciences]]. Most of his research concerns the fundamental aspects and applications of quantum entanglement.
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+==Biography==
+Anton Zeilinger, born 1945 in Austria, has held positions at the [[Technical University of Vienna]] and the [[University of Innsbruck]]. He has held visiting positions at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), at [[Humboldt University]] in Berlin, [[Merton College]] of [[Oxford University]] and the [[Collège de France]] (Chaire Internationale) in Paris. Zeilinger's awards include the [[Wolf Prize]] in Physics (2010), the Inaugural [[Isaac Newton Medal]] of the [[Institute of Physics|IOP]] (2007) and the [[King Faisal International Prize]] (2005). In 2005, Anton Zeilinger was among the "10 people who could change the world", elected by the British newspaper ''[[New Statesman]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2009/01/barack-obama-change-qatar|title=Ten people who could change the world|date=8 January 2009|work=New Statesman|accessdate=30 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first = Johnjoe | last = McFadden | authorlink = Johnjoe McFadden | title = Anton Zeilinger | date = 2005-10-17 | url = http://www.newstatesman.com/200510170013 | work = [[New Statesman]] | accessdate = 2012-10-28 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20110607182147/http://www.newstatesman.com/200510170013 | archivedate = 2011-06-07 | quote = Johnjoe McFadden on the physicist who could just make the dream of teleportation possible}}</ref> He is a member of seven Scientific Academies. Anton Zeilinger is currently Professor of Physics at the [[University of Vienna]] and Senior Scientist at the [[Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information]] of the [[Austrian Academy of Sciences]] to whose President he was recently elected.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://vcq.quantum.at/news/news/detail/417.html|title=Anton Zeilinger - new President of the Austrian Academy of Sciences|date=16 March 2013|work=VCQ|accessdate=23 September 2013}}</ref> Since 2006, Zeilinger is the vice chairman of the board of trustees of the [[Institute of Science and Technology Austria]], an ambitious project initiated by Zeilinger's proposal. In 2009, he founded the International Academy Traunkirchen<ref>[http://www.akademietraunkirchen.com/en/ International Academy Traunkirchen]</ref> which is dedicated to the support of gifted students in science and technology. He is a fan of the ''[[Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy]]'' by [[Douglas Adams]], going so far as to name his sailboat 42.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite journal|title=The Gedanken Experimenter|journal=Scientific American|date=2007-08-01|first=JR|last=Minkel|coauthors=|volume=|issue=|pages=|id= |url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa006&articleID=ABBA5449-E7F2-99DF-3ACFAC15B16FEC60&colID=30|format=|accessdate=2008-01-17}}</ref>
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+==Work==
+Anton Zeilinger is a pioneer in the field of [[quantum information]] and of the foundations of [[quantum mechanics]]. He realized many important quantum information protocols for the first time, including [[quantum teleportation]] of an independent [[qubit]], entanglement swapping (i.e. the teleportation of an entangled state), hyper-dense coding (which was the first entanglement-based protocol ever realized in experiment), entanglement-based [[quantum cryptography]], one-way [[quantum computation]] and blind [[quantum computation]]. His further contributions to the experimental and conceptual foundations of quantum mechanics include multi-particle [[entanglement]] and matter wave [[interference]] all the way from [[neutrons]] via [[atoms]] to [[macromolecules]] such as [[fullerenes]].
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+===Quantum teleportation===
+Most widely known is his first realization of [[quantum teleportation]] of an independent qubit.<ref>D. Bouwmeester, J. W. Pan, K. Mattle, M. Eibl, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, ''Experimental Quantum Teleportation'', Nature '''390''', 575-579 (1997). [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v390/n6660/abs/390575a0.html Abstract]. Selected for the Nature “Looking Back” category of classic papers from Nature’s archive; one of ISI’s “Highly Cited Papers”.</ref> He later expanded this work to developing a source for freely propagating teleported qubits<ref>J.-W. Pan, S. Gasparoni, M. Aspelmeyer, T. Jennewein & A. Zeilinger, ''Experimental Realization of Freely Propagating Teleported Qubits'', Nature '''421''', 721-725 (2003). [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v421/n6924/abs/nature01412.html Abstract].Selected by the International Institute of Physics as one of the top ten Physics Highlights in 2003.</ref> and most recently, quantum teleportation over 144 kilometers between two Canary Islands.<ref>X.-S. Ma, T. Herbst, T. Scheidl, D. Wang, S. Kropatschek, W. Naylor, B. Wittmann, A. Mech, J. Kofler, E. Anisimova, V. Makarov, T. Jennewein, R. Ursin & A. Zeilinger, ''Quantum teleportation over 143 kilometres using active feed-forward'', Nature '''489''', 269-273 (2012). [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v489/n7415/full/nature11472.html Abstract].</ref> Quantum teleportation is an essential concept in many quantum information protocols. Besides its role for the transfer of quantum information, it is also considered as an important possible mechanism for building gates within quantum computers.
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+===Entanglement swapping – teleportation of entanglement===
+Entanglement swapping is the teleportation of an entangled state. After its proposal,<ref>M. Zukowski, A. Zeilinger, M. A. Horne & A.K. Ekert, ''Event-Ready-Detectors Bell Experiment via Entanglement Swapping'', Phys. Rev. Lett. '''71''', 4287-90 (1993). [http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v71/i26/p4287_1 Abstract].</ref> entanglement swapping has first been realized experimentally by Zeilinger’s group in 1998.<ref>J.-W. Pan, D. Bouwmeester, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, ''Experimental entanglement swapping: Entangling photons that never interacted'', Phys. Rev. Lett. '''80''' (18), 3891-3894 (1998). [http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v80/i18/p3891_1 Abstract].</ref> It has recently been applied to carry out a delayed-choice entanglement swapping test.<ref>X.-S. Ma, S.Zotter, J. Kofler, R. Ursin, T. Jennewein, Č. Brukner & A. Zeilinger, ''Experimental delayed-choice entanglement swapping'', Nature Physics '''8''', 479–484 (2012). [http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v8/n6/full/nphys2294.html Abstract].</ref> Entanglement swapping is the crucial ingredient for quantum repeaters which are expected to connect future quantum computers.
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-== Cheap Nike Roshe Australia Now reengined ==
+===Entanglement beyond two qubits – GHZ-states and their realizations===
+Anton Zeilinger contributed decisively to the opening up of the field of multi-particle entanglement. In 1997, he was the first with Greenberger and Horne to work on entanglement of more than two qubits.<ref>D. M. Greenberger, M. A. Horne, A. Shimony & A. Zeilinger, ''Bell’s Theorem without Inequalities'', American Journal of Physics '''58''', 1131-1143 (1990). This paper has become a citation classic.</ref> The resulting GHZ theorem (see [[Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state]]) is fundamental for quantum physics, as it provides the most succinct contradiction between local realism and the predictions of quantum mechanics. Also, GHZ states opened up the field of multi-particle entanglement.
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+Surprisingly, multi-particle entangled states exhibit qualitatively different properties compared to two-particle entanglement. In the 1990s, it became the main goal of Zeilinger’s research to realize such GHZ states in the laboratory, which required the development of many new methods and tools.
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+Finally, in 1999, he succeeded in providing the first experimental evidence of entanglement beyond two particles<ref>D. Bouwmeester, J.-W. Pan, M. Daniell, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, ''Observation of three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement'', Phys.Rev. Lett. '''82''' (7), 1345-1349 (1999). [http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v8/n6/full/nphys2294.html Abstract].</ref> and also the first test of quantum nonlocality for GHZ states.<ref>J.-W. Pan, D. Bouwmeester, M. Daniell, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, ''Experimental test of quantum nonlocality in three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement'', Nature '''403''', 515-519 (2000). [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v403/n6769/abs/403515a0.html Abstract].</ref> He also was the first to realize that there are different classes of higher-dimensional entangled states and proposed W-states. Today, multi-particle states became an essential workhorse in quantum computation and thus, GHZ-states have even become an individual entry in the [[Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme|PACS code]].
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+===Quantum communication, quantum cryptography, quantum computation===
+In 1996, Anton Zeilinger with his group realized hyper-dense coding.<ref>K. Mattle, H. Weinfurter, P.G. Kwiat & A. Zeilinger, ''Dense Coding in Experimental Quantum Communication'', Phys. Rev. Lett. '''76''', 4656-59 (1996). [http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v76/i25/p4656_1 Abstract].</ref> There, one can encode into one qubit more than one classical bit of information. This was the first realization of a quantum information protocol with an entangled state, where one is able to achieve something impossible with classical physics.
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+In 1998 (published in 2000),<ref>T. Jennewein, C. Simon, G. Weihs, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, ''Quantum Cryptography with Entangled Photons'', Phys. Rev. Lett. '''84''', 4729–4732 (2000).  [http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v84/i20/p4729_1 Abstract]. This paper was featured in several popular science magazines, both online and in print.</ref> his group was the first to implement [[quantum cryptography]] with [[quantum entanglement|entangled photons]]. Zeilinger’s group is now also developing a quantum cryptography prototype in collaboration with industry.
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+He then also applied quantum entanglement to optical [[quantum information|quantum computation]], where in 2005,<ref>P. Walther, K.J. Resch, T. Rudolph, E. Schenck, H. Weinfurter, V. Vedral, M. Aspelmeyer & A. Zeilinger, ''Experimental one-way quantum computing'', Nature '''434''' (7030), 169-176 (2005). [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v434/n7030/abs/nature03347.html Abstract].</ref> he performed the first implementation of one-way quantum computation. This is a protocol based on quantum measurement as proposed by Knill, Laflamme and Milburn.<ref>E. Knill, R. Laflamme & G. J. Milburn, ''A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics'', Nature '''409''', 46-52 (2001). [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v409/n6816/abs/409046a0.html Abstract].</ref> Most recently, it has been shown<ref>S. Barz, E. Kashefi, A. Broadbent, J. F. Fitzsimons, A. Zeilinger & P. Walther, ''Demonstration of Blind Quantum Computing'', Science '''20''', 303-308 (2012). [http://www.sciencemag.org/content/335/6066/303.abstract Abstract].</ref> that one-way quantum computation can be used to implement blind quantum computing. This solves a problem in [[Cloud computing]], namely that, whatever algorithm a client employs on a quantum server is completely unknown, i.e. blind, to the operator of the server.
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+The experiments of Zeilinger and his group on the distribution of entanglement over large distances began with both free-space and fiber-based quantum communication and teleportation between laboratories located on the different sides of the river [[Danube]]. This was then extended to larger distances across the city of [[Vienna]] and over 144&nbsp;km between two [[Canary Islands]], resulting in a successful demonstration that [[quantum communication]] with satellites is feasible. His dream is to put sources of entangled light onto a satellite in orbit.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> A first step was achieved during an experiment at the Italian Matera Laser Ranging Observatory.<ref>P. Villoresi, T. Jennewein, F. Tamburini, M. Aspelmeyer, C. Bonato, R. Ursin, C. Pernechele, V. Luceri, G. Bianco, A. Zeilinger & C. Barbieri,[http://arxiv.org/abs/0803.1871v1 ''Experimental verification of the feasibility of a quantum channel between Space and Earth''], New Journal of Physics '''10''', 033038 (2008).</ref>
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+===Further novel entangled states===
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+With his group, Anton Zeilinger made many contributions to the realization of novel entangled states. The source for polarization-entangled photon pairs developed with Paul Kwiat when he was a PostDoc in Zeilinger's group<ref>P.G. Kwiat, K. Mattle, H. Weinfurter, A. Zeilinger, A.V. Sergienko & Y.H. Shih, ''New High-Intensity Source of Polarization-Entangled Photon Pairs'', Phys. Rev. Lett. '''75''' (24), 4337-41 (1995). [http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v75/i24/p4337_1 Abstract].</ref> became a workhorse in many laboratories world-wide. The first demonstration of entanglement of orbital angular momentum of photons <ref>A. Mair, A. Vaziri, G. Weihs & A. Zeilinger, ''Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons'', Nature '''412''' (6844), 313-316 (2001). [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v412/n6844/full/412313a0.html Abstract].</ref> opened up a new burgeoning field of research in many laboratories.
- </ul>
+===Macroscopic quantum superposition===
+Zeilinger is also interested to extend quantum mechanics into the macroscopic domain. In the early 1990s, he started experiments in the field of atom optics. He developed a number of ways to coherently manipulate atomic beams, many of which, like the coherent energy shift of an atomic [[Matter wave|De Broglie wave]] upon diffraction at a time-modulated light wave, have become cornerstones of today’s ultracold atom experiments.  In 1999, Zeilinger abandoned atom optics for experiments with very complex and massive macro-molecules – [[fullerene]]s. The successful demonstration of quantum interference for these <math>C_{60} </math> and <math>C_{70} </math> molecules<ref>M. Arndt, O. Nairz, J. Voss-Andreae, C. Keller, G. van der Zouw & A. Zeilinger, ''Wave-particle duality of C60 molecules'', Nature '''401''', 680-682 (1999). [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v401/n6754/abs/401680a0.html Abstract]. Selected by the American Physical Society as a physics highlight of 1999.</ref> in 1999 opened up a very active field of research. Key results include the most precise quantitative study to date of decoherence by thermal radiation and by atomic collisions and the first quantum interference of complex biological macro-molecules. This work is continued by Markus Arndt.
+In 2005, Zeilinger with his group again started a new field, the quantum physics of mechanical cantilevers. The group was the first – in the year 2006 along with work from Heidmann in Paris and Kippenberg in Garching – to demonstrate experimentally the self-cooling of a micro-mirror by [[radiation pressure]], that is, without feedback.<ref>S. Gigan, H. R. Böhm, M. Paternostro, F. Blaser, G. Langer, J. B. Hertzberg, K. Schwab, D. Bäuerle, M. Aspelmeyer & A. Zeilinger, ''Self-cooling of a micro-mirror by radiation pressure'', Nature '''444''', 67-70 (2006). [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v444/n7115/abs/nature05273.html Abstract]. Selected as “Highlight of the recent literature” by [[Science (journal)|Science]] (January 2007).</ref> That phenomenon can be seen as a consequence of the coupling of a high-entropy mechanical system with a low-entropy radiation field. This work is now continued independently by [[Markus Aspelmeyer]].
+Most recently, using orbital angular momentum states, he was able to demonstrate entanglement of angular momentum up to 300 ħ.<ref>R. Fickler, R. Lapkiewicz, W. N. Plick, M. Krenn, C. Schäff, S. Ramelow & A. Zeilinger, ''Quantum entanglement of high angular momenta'', Science '''338''', 640-643 (2012). [http://www.sciencemag.org/content/338/6107/640.abstract Abstract]. Selected as one of the top 10 breakthroughs of the year 2012 by [[Institute of Physics|IOP’s]] [[Physics World]]. Also featured in [[Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft|DPG’s]] [[Physikalische Blätter|Physik Journal]].</ref>
+===Further fundamental tests===
+Zeilinger’s program of fundamental tests of quantum mechanics is aimed at implementing experimental realizations of many non-classical features of quantum physics for individual systems. In 1998,<ref>G. Weihs, T. Jennewein, C. Simon, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger, ''Violation of Bell’s inequality under strict Einstein locality conditions'', Phys. Rev. Lett. '''81''' (23), 5039-5043 (1998). [http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v81/i23/p5039_1 Abstract]. This paper is a classic.  It is cited (among others) in the German Wikipedia article on Bell’s inequality and in several popular science books and science books for University students.</ref> he provided the final test of [[Bell states|Bell’s inequality]] closing the communication loophole by using superfast random number generators. More recently, his group also realized the first Bell inequality experiment implementing the freedom-of-choice condition<ref>T. Scheidl, R. Ursin, J. Kofler, S. Ramelow, X. Ma, T. Herbst, L. Ratschbacher, A. Fedrizzi, N. K. Langford, T. Jennewein & A. Zeilinger, ''Violation of local realism with freedom of choice'', PNAS '''107''' (46), 19709 – 19713 (2010). [http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/10/29/1002780107 Abstract]</ref> and, most recently<ref>M. Giustina et al., in press.</ref>], they provided for photons the first realization of a Bell test without the fair sampling assumption. All these experiments are not only of fundamental interest, but also important for quantum cryptography. A finally loophole-free entanglement-based implementation of quantum cryptography is generally considered to be absolutely secure against any eavesdropping.
+Among the further fundamental tests he performed the most notable one is his test of a large class of nonlocal realistic theories proposed by [[Anthony James Leggett|Leggett]].<ref>A. J. Leggett, ''Nonlocal Hidden-Variable Theories and Quantum Mechanics: An Incompatibility Theorem'', Foundations of Physics '''33''' (10), 1469-1493 (2003)(doi:10.1023/A:1026096313729) [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1026096313729 Abstract].</ref> The group of theories excluded by that experiment can be classified as those which allow reasonable subdivision of ensembles into sub-ensembles. It goes significantly beyond [[Bell's theorem]]. While Bell showed that a theory which is both local and realistic is at variance with quantum mechanics, Leggett considered nonlocal realistic theories where the individual photons are assumed to carry polarization. The resulting [[Leggett inequality]] was shown to be violated in the experiments of the Zeilinger group.<ref>S. Gröblacher, T. Paterek, R. Kaltenbaek, C. Brukner, M. Zukowski, M. Aspelmeyer & A. Zeilinger, ''An experimental test of non-local realism'', Nature '''446''', 871-875 (2007). [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v446/n7138/abs/nature05677.html Abstract].</ref>
+In an analogous way, his group showed that even quantum systems where entanglement is not possible exhibit non-classical features which cannot be explained by underlying non-contextual probability distributions.<ref>R. Lapkiewicz, P. Li, C. Schäff, N. K. Langford, S. Ramelow, M. Wiesniak & A. Zeilinger, ''Experimental non-classicality of an indivisible quantum system'', Nature '''474''', 490–493 (2011).[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v474/n7352/full/nature10119.html Abstract]</ref> It is expected that these latter experiments will also open up novel ways for quantum information.
+===Neutron interferometry===
+Anton Zeilinger’s earliest work is perhaps his least known. His work on neutron interferometry has provided an important foundation for his later research achievements.
+As a member of the group of his thesis supervisor, [[Helmut Rauch]], at the [[Vienna University of Technology|Technical University of Vienna]], Zeilinger participated in a number of neutron interferometry experiments at the [[Institut Laue–Langevin]] (ILL) in Grenoble. His very first such experiment confirmed a fundamental prediction of quantum mechanics, the sign change of a spinor phase upon rotation. This was followed by the first experimental realization of coherent spin superposition of [[matter waves]]. He continued his work in [[neutron interferometry]] at [[MIT]] with [[Clifford Shull|C.G. Shull]] ([[Nobel Laureate]], focusing specifically on dynamical diffraction effects of [[neutrons]] in perfect crystals which are due to multi-wave coherent superposition. After his return to Europe, he built up an interferometer for very cold neutrons which preceded later similar experiments with atoms. The fundamental experiments there included a most precise test of the linearity of quantum mechanics and a beautiful [[double-slit experiment|double-slit diffraction experiment]] with only one neutron at a time in the apparatus. Actually, in that experiment, while one neutron was registered, the next neutron still resided in its [[Uranium]] nucleus waiting for fission to happen.
+Then, as a professor at the University of Innsbruck, Zeilinger started experiments on entangled photons, as the low [[phase space]] density of neutrons produced by reactors precluded their use in such experiments.
+==Honours and awards==
+===International prizes and awards===
+* Finalist, [[World Technology Award]] for Communication Technology (2012)
+* [[Wolf Prize]] in Physics (2010, with [[Alain Aspect]] and [[John Clauser]])
+* [[Grand Merit Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]] (2009)
+* [[European Research Council|ERC]] Advanced Grant (2008)
+* Quantum Communication Award (2008)
+* Inaugural [[Isaac Newton Medal]] ([[Institute of Physics]], 2008)
+* Quantum Electronics Prize (2007)
+* [[King Faisal International Prize]] (2005)
+* Descartes Prize(2005)
+* Lorenz-Oken-Medal of the Society of German Scientists and Physicians (2004)
+* [[Klopsteg Memorial Award]] (2004)
+* [[Sartorius AG|Sartorius]] Prize (2003)
+* Order [[Pour le Mérite for Arts and Sciences]] (2001)
+* Senior Humboldt Fellow Prize (2000)
+* European Optics Prize (1997)
+* European Lecturer (1996)
+* Prix Vinci d'Excellence (1995)
+===Austrian prizes and awards===
+* Großer Tiroler Adler Orden (2013)
+* Grand Gold Decoration, City of Vienna (2006)
+* Wilhelm-Exner-Medal (2005)
+* Johannes Kepler-Prize (2002)
+* [[Austrian Decoration for Science and Art]] (2001, Austrian equivalent to the Order of Merit)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf | title = Reply to a parliamentary question | language = German | page=1436 | trans_title = | format = pdf | accessdate = 25 November 2012 }}</ref>
+* Visionary of the Year in Science (2001)
+* Science Award of the City of Vienna (2000)
+* Kardinal Innitzer Würdigungspreis (1997)
+* ''Austrian Scientist of the Year'' (1996)
+* Junior Prize of the Theodor Körner Foundation (1980)
+* Prize for Junior Scientists, Kardinal Innitzer Foundation (1979)
+* Prize of the City of Vienna for the Encouragement of Young Scientists (1975)
+===Further distinctions===
+* Honorary doctorates from the [[Humboldt University of Berlin]] (2005) and the [[University of Gdańsk]] (2006)
+* Honorary Professor, University of Science and Technology of China (1996)
+* Member of the [[German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina]], [[Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities|Berlin-Brandenburg]], [[Austrian Academy of Sciences|Austrian]] and [[Slovak Academy of Sciences|Slovak]] Academies of Sciences, the Academia Scientiarum et Artium Europaea, the [[Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts]] and the [[French Academy of Sciences|French Académie des Sciences]]
+* Fellow of the [[American Physical Society]] and the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] (AAAS)
+* [[48681 Zeilinger|Asteroid 48681 Zeilinger]] named for him to mark his 60th birthday (2005)
+* Holder of numerous distinguished lectures, among them, the Seventh Johannes Gutenberg Endowed Professorship at the [[University of Mainz|Johannes Gutenberg University]] Mainz (2006)
+==See also==
+{{wikiquote}}
+*[[Quantum Aspects of Life]]
+==References==
+{{reflist|2}}
+==External links==
+*[http://www.quantum.at/zeilinger/ Zeilinger's homepage]
+*[http://www.akademietraunkirchen.com/en/ Homepage of the International Academy Traunkirchen]
+*[http://www.univie.ac.at/qfp/publications3/pdffiles/2003-24.pdf ''Quantum Teleportation'' by Zeilinger], 2003 update of 2000 [[Scientific American]] article
+*[http://www.heise.de/tp/deutsch/inhalt/lis/7550/1.html Es stellt sich letztlich heraus, dass Information ein wesentlicher Grundbaustein der Welt ist], a [[German language|German-language]] [[interview]] with Zeilinger by Andrea Naica-Loebell
+*[http://www.signandsight.com/features/614.html ''Spooky action and beyond''] an interview with Anton Zeilinger at signandsight.com
+* The lecture delivered by Professor Anton Zeilinger as the inaugural recipient of the ''Isaac Newton Medal'', [[Institute of Physics]], 17 June 2008, [http://www.iop.org/activity/awards/International%20Award/page_31978.html] (68 min 25 sec). <br />'''Note''': On the page linked, a second video is accommodated which shows Professor Zeilinger speaking amongst others about his personal life.
+*[http://www.q2cfestival.com/play.php?lecture_id=7976 Anton Zeilinger on the opening panel discussion at the Quantum to Cosmos festival] at [[Perimeter Institute]] with [[Katherine Freese]], [[Leo Kadanoff]], [[Lawrence Krauss]], [[Neil Turok]], [[Sean M. Carroll]], [[Gino Segrè]], [[Andrew G. White|Andrew White]], and David Tong.
+{{Wolf Prize in Physics}}
+{{Authority control|VIAF=12477286}}
+{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
+| NAME              =Zeilinger, Anton
+| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
+| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Austrian physicist
+| DATE OF BIRTH     =20 May 1945
+| PLACE OF BIRTH    =[[Ried im Innkreis]], [[Austria]]
+| DATE OF DEATH     =
+| PLACE OF DEATH    =
+}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Zeilinger, Anton}}
+[[Category:1945 births]]
+[[Category:Living people]]
+[[Category:People from Ried im Innkreis District]]
+[[Category:Quantum physicists]]
+[[Category:Austrian physicists]]
+[[Category:Technical University Munich faculty]]
+[[Category:University of Vienna faculty]]
+[[Category:University of Innsbruck faculty]]
+[[Category:College de France faculty]]
+[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty]]
+[[Category:Humboldt University of Berlin faculty]]
+[[Category:Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts]]
+[[Category:Members of the Austrian Academy of Sciences]]
+[[Category:Vienna University of Technology faculty]]
+[[Category:Wolf Prize in Physics laureates]]
+[[Category:Knight Commanders of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]
+[[Category:Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art]]
+[[Category:Recipients of the Isaac Newton Medal]]
+[[Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite for Arts and Sciences]]
+[[Category:Fellows of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina]]
+[[Category:Members of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities]]
+[[Category:Members of the Slovak Academy of Sciences]]
+[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
+[[Category:Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts]]

Representation theory of diffeomorphism groups: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:26, 20 March 2013

Biography

Work

Quantum teleportation

Entanglement swapping – teleportation of entanglement

Entanglement beyond two qubits – GHZ-states and their realizations

Quantum communication, quantum cryptography, quantum computation

Further novel entangled states

Macroscopic quantum superposition

Further fundamental tests

Neutron interferometry

Honours and awards

International prizes and awards

Austrian prizes and awards

Further distinctions

See also

References

External links

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