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| {{Earthquakes}}
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| The concept of '''Earthquake Duration Magnitude''' - originally proposed by Bisztricsany<ref>Bisztricsany, E. A., 1958, A new method for the determination of the [[Richter magnitude scale|magnitude]] of [[earthquake]]s. ''Geofiz. Kozl.'', 69-76.</ref> in 1958 using [[surface wave]]s only - is based on the realization that on a recorded earthquake [[seismogram]] the total length of the seismic wavetrain - sometimes referred to as the CODA - reflects its size. Thus larger earthquakes give longer seismograms [as well as stronger seismic waves] than small ones. The seismic wave interval measured on the time axis of an earthquake record - starting with the first [[seismic wave]] onset until the wavetrain [[amplitude]] diminishes to at least 10% of its maximum recorded value - is referred to as "earthquake duration". It is this concept that Bisztricsany first used to develop his '''Earthquake Duration Magnitude Scale''' employing surface wave durations.
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| ==Earthquake Duration Magnitude [Md] Development==
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| In 1965, Solovev<ref>Solov’ev, S. L., Seismicity of Sakalin. Bull. Earth Res. Inst.,Tokyo Univ., 1965, 43, 95–102.</ref> proposed the use of total [[Time|duration]] instead of the duration of surface waves. In 1972, Lee et al.<ref>Lee, W. H. K., Bennet, R. E. and Meaghu, K. L., A method of estimating magnitude of local earthquakes from signal duration. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report, 1972, 28 pp.</ref> used coda duration for the first time to estimate Richter magnitude of local [[California]]n earthquakes. Based on their study, they suggested that it is appropriate to estimate the magnitude of local earthquakes using signal duration. More recently, the development in [[instrumentation]] led to the use of signal duration to estimate the coda magnitude (Md) for earthquakes recorded on short-period vertical [[seismograph]]s. Numerous studies determined the relation between coda duration and magnitude for different regions of the World. According to a recent study by Mandal et al. (2004)<ref>Mandal, P., Narasaiah, R., Raju P. S., & R. K. Chandha, 2004. Coda duration magnitude scale of 2001 Bhuj aftershoks, India. Current Science, Vol. 87, No. 4, 2004. (India).</ref> previous studies showed that duration magnitude
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| estimation is quite stable for local earthquakes ranging from magnitude Md 0.0 to 5.0.
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| ==Md Empirical Relationships==
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| In two most recent investigations using statistically stable samples for [[Italy|Italian]] earthquakes [approximately 100,000 events over the period 1981-2002 in the Richter local [ML] magnitude range of 3.5-5.8] <ref>Castello, B., Olivieri, M. & G. Selvaggi, 2007. Local and duration magnitude determination for the Italian earthquake catalog, 1981-2002.</ref> and for [[India]]n earthquakes exemplified by an [[aftershock]] sequence of 121 events with Ms (surface wave magnitude) > 4.0 in 2001 in the [[Bhuj]] area of northwestern India,<ref>Mandal et al. 2004 (op. cit.)</ref> the latest ''empirically'' derived [[equation]]s for Md determinations are published:
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| <math>Md = 2.49 log10 (T) - 2.31 + Station Correction Factor</math> ( Castello et al., 2007)
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| <math>Md = 0.80 log10(T)^2 + 1.7 log10 (T) - 0.87</math> ( Mandal et al., 2004)
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| ==ML from Md==
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| Although conversions between empirically derived "sensitive" seismic parameters such as earthquake magnitude scales is mathematically cautioned as well as physically limited, some [[seismologist]]s such as Brumbaugh<ref>Brumbaugh, D. S., 1989. A comparison of duration magnitude to [[Local magnitude scale|local magnitude]] for seismic events recorded in northern [[Arizona]]. Jour. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci., Vol. 23, 29-31</ref> have nevertheless attempted to produce a relationship linking ML to Md for a rather small sample of 17 events in Arizona:
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| <math>ML = 0.936 Md - 0.16 +/- 0.22</math>
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| [[Category:Seismic scales]]
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