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In [[telecommunications]], '''field strength meter''' is a measuring device which measures the [[electric field]] caused by a [[transmitter]].  
 
==The relation between the electric field and the transmitted power==
 
In ideal free space, the [[field strength in free space|electric field strength]] produced by a [[transmitter]] with [[isotropic radiator]] is readily calculated.<ref> ''Reference Data for Radio Engineers'', Howard W.Sams Co.Inc.,ISBN 0-672-21218-8, p 27-7</ref>
 
:<math> \mbox{E} = \frac{ \sqrt{30 \cdot P}}{d}</math>  
 
where
:'''E''' is the electric field strength in volts per meter
:'''P''' is the [[transmitter power output]] in watts
:'''d''' is the distance from the radiator in meters
It is clear that [[field strength]] is inversely proportional to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. However, this relation is impractical for calculating the field strength produced by terrestrial transmitters, where reflections and [[attenuation]] caused by objects around the transmitter or receiver may affect the electrical field strength considerably.
 
==Field strength meter==
Field strength meter is actually a simple receiver. After a [[Tuner (electronics)|tuner]] circuit, the signal is detected and fed to a [[microammeter]], which is scaled in '''dBų'''. The frequency range of the tuner is usually within the terrestrial broadcasting bands. Some FS meters can also receive satellite ([[TVRO]] and RRO) frequencies. Most modern FS meters have [[audio frequency|AF]] and [[Composite video|VF]] circuits and can be used as standard receivers. Some FS meters are also equipped with printers to record received field strength.
 
==Antennas==
When measuring with a field strength meter it is important to use a calibrated antenna such as the standard antenna supplied with the meter. For precision measurements the antenna must be at a standard height. A value of standard height frequently employed for VHF and UHF measurements is {{convert|10|m}}. Gain correction tables may be provided with the meter, that take into account the change of [[antenna gain]] with [[radio frequency|frequency]].
 
==Minimum field strength criteria==
The [[Comité consultatif international pour la radio|CCIR]] defines the minimum field strength for satisfactory reception. These are shown in the table below.<ref>K.H.Kaltbeitzer: ''Technical Monograph 3104'', EBU Technical Centre, 1965, p.24</ref> (Band II is reserved for FM radio broadcasting and the other bands are reserved for [[TV transmitter|TV broadcasting]].)
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Frequency band
!Minimum field strength in dBµV/m
!Notes
|-
|Band I || 48||
|-
|Band III ||55||
|-
|Band IV ||65||
|-
|Band V ||70||
|-
|Band II ||48||Rural area
|-
|Band II ||60||Urban area
|-
|Band II ||70||Large towns
|}
{{Analogue TV transmitter topics}}
 
== References ==
<references/>
[[Category:Measuring instruments]]
[[Category:Broadcast engineering]]

Revision as of 00:04, 9 October 2012

In telecommunications, field strength meter is a measuring device which measures the electric field caused by a transmitter.

The relation between the electric field and the transmitted power

In ideal free space, the electric field strength produced by a transmitter with isotropic radiator is readily calculated.[1]

where

E is the electric field strength in volts per meter
P is the transmitter power output in watts
d is the distance from the radiator in meters

It is clear that field strength is inversely proportional to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. However, this relation is impractical for calculating the field strength produced by terrestrial transmitters, where reflections and attenuation caused by objects around the transmitter or receiver may affect the electrical field strength considerably.

Field strength meter

Field strength meter is actually a simple receiver. After a tuner circuit, the signal is detected and fed to a microammeter, which is scaled in dBų. The frequency range of the tuner is usually within the terrestrial broadcasting bands. Some FS meters can also receive satellite (TVRO and RRO) frequencies. Most modern FS meters have AF and VF circuits and can be used as standard receivers. Some FS meters are also equipped with printers to record received field strength.

Antennas

When measuring with a field strength meter it is important to use a calibrated antenna such as the standard antenna supplied with the meter. For precision measurements the antenna must be at a standard height. A value of standard height frequently employed for VHF and UHF measurements is Template:Convert. Gain correction tables may be provided with the meter, that take into account the change of antenna gain with frequency.

Minimum field strength criteria

The CCIR defines the minimum field strength for satisfactory reception. These are shown in the table below.[2] (Band II is reserved for FM radio broadcasting and the other bands are reserved for TV broadcasting.)

Frequency band Minimum field strength in dBµV/m Notes
Band I 48
Band III 55
Band IV 65
Band V 70
Band II 48 Rural area
Band II 60 Urban area
Band II 70 Large towns

Template:Analogue TV transmitter topics

References

  1. ↑ Reference Data for Radio Engineers, Howard W.Sams Co.Inc.,ISBN 0-672-21218-8, p 27-7
  2. ↑ K.H.Kaltbeitzer: Technical Monograph 3104, EBU Technical Centre, 1965, p.24
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