Papyrus 43: Difference between revisions

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{{New Testament manuscript infobox
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| form  = Papyrus
| number = '''<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>49</sup>'''
| image  = Papyrus49verso.jpg
| isize  =
| caption= recto with text of Eph 4:16-29
| name  = Papyrus Yale 415
| sign  =
| text  = [[Epistle to the Ephesians]] 4-5 †
| script = [[Greek language|Greek]]
| date  = 3rd century
| found  = [[Egypt]]
| now at = [[Yale University Library]]
| cite  = W. H. P. Hatch and C. B. Welles, ''A Hitherto Unpublished Fragment of the Epistle to the Ephesians'', HTR LI (1958), pp. 33-37.
| size  = 18 x 25
| type  = [[Alexandrian text-type]]
| cat    = I
| hand  =
| note  =
}}
 
'''Papyrus 49''' (Gregory-Aland), designated by '''<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>49</sup>''', is an early copy of the [[New Testament]] in [[Greek language|Greek]]. It is a [[papyrus]] [[manuscript]] of the [[Epistle to the Ephesians]], surviving in a fragmentary condition. The manuscript has been [[Palaeography|palaeographically]] assigned to the 3rd century. It was probably a part of the same manuscript as [[Papyrus 65]]. It came from Egypt and was purchased for the [[Yale University Library]]. Textually it is close to the [[Codex Sinaiticus]] and [[Codex Vaticanus]]. The text of the manuscript has been published several times.
 
== Description ==
The original size of the leaf was 18 centimetres in height by 25 centimetres in width.<ref name = Comfort358>{{Cite book | last = Comfort| first = Philip W. |author2 = David P. Barrett | title = The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts | publisher = Tyndale House Publishers Incorporated | place = Wheaton, Illinois | year = 2001 | pages = 358 | isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1 }}</ref> The leaf is damaged at the top, and six lines of its text have been lost. At the present time the leaf measures 20.3&nbsp;cm by 13.3&nbsp;cm. The lower and outer margins are 3 centimetres wide; the upper and inner margins were lost.<ref name = Hatch/>
 
The manuscript has survived in a fragmentary condition and contains the texts of Ephesians 4:16-29; 4:31-5:13.<ref name = Aland>{{Cite book
|last=Aland
|first=Kurt
|authorlink=Kurt Aland
|coauthors=[[Barbara Aland]]; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
|title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
|year=1995
|location=Grand Rapids
|page=98
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2pYDsAhUOxAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
|isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref><ref name = INTF>{{Cite web|url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=10049|title=Liste Handschriften|publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research|accessdate=23 January 2011|location=Münster}}</ref> According to [[Kurt Aland]], it is one of three early manuscripts with the text of the [[Epistle to the Ephesians]].<ref name = INTF>{{Cite web|url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php|title=Liste Handschriften|publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research|accessdate=23 January 2011|location=Münster}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book
  |last=Aland
|first=Kurt
|authorlink=Kurt Aland
|coauthors=[[Barbara Aland]]; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
|title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
|year=1995
|location=Grand Rapids
|page=85
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2pYDsAhUOxAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
|isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref>
 
The text is written in one column per page of 29 lines, with 38 letters per line (average).<ref name = Comfort358/> It has no breathings (spiritus asper, spiritus lenis) nor accents. The double point (:) is the only mark of punctuation. The letters are slightly inclined to the right; the writing shows the influence of cursive handwriting.<ref name = Hatch/> It was written by a professional scribe.<ref name = Comfort358/> The [[nomina sacra]] are written in an abbreviated way.<ref name = Comfort358/>
 
The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the [[Alexandrian text-type]]. [[Kurt Aland|Aland]] ascribed it as “at least Normal text”, and placed it in [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts#Category I|Category I]].<ref name = Aland/> [[Bruce M. Metzger]] identifies it as Alexandrian text. According to Philip Comfort and David Barrett the manuscript shows a strong agreement with [[Codex Sinaiticus]] and [[Codex Vaticanus]] (in 14 out of 16 textual variants).<ref name = Comfort>{{Cite book | last = Comfort| first = Philip W. |author2 = David P. Barrett | title = The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts | publisher = Tyndale House Publishers Incorporated | place = Wheaton, Illinois | year = 2001 | page = 355 | isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1 }}</ref>
 
According to Comfort, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>49</sup> and [[Papyrus 65|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>65</sup>]] came from the same manuscript.<ref>Philip W. Comfort, ''Encountering the Manuscripts. An Introduction to New Testament Paleography & Textual Criticism'', Nashville, Tennessee: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2005, p. 68-69.</ref> Both manuscripts have the same measurements, and the same number of lines per page. Both were written by a documentary hand, both manifest the same formation of certain letters, such as titled [[lambda]], titled [[sigma]], extended [[iota]], and toiled [[ypsilon]]. The [[nomina sacra]] and abbreviations are written in the same rather unusual way.<ref name = Comfort358/> Bradford Welles remarks that "there is not a single case of difference in the letter shapes in the two papyri".<ref name = Comfort358/> Neither use [[Typographic ligature|ligatures]].<ref name = Wachtel>Klaus Wachtel, Klaus Witte, [http://books.google.pl/books?id=gEzctvICPS0C&pg=RA1-PA1&lpg=RA1-PA1&dq= ''Das Neue Testament auf Papyrus: Gal., Eph., Phil., Kol., 1. u. 2. Thess., 1. u. 2 Tim., Tit., Phlm., Hebr''], Walter de Gruyter, 1994, p. LXI.</ref> The only difference is in the number of letters per line: <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>65</sup> has more letters per line (42).<ref name = Comfort358/> The same situation exists in [[Papyrus 75]]. The scribe of <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>75</sup> appears to have realized that he was running out of room in his codex and added three letters in each line and even added extra lines.<ref name = Comfort358/> The manuscript may be one of the earliest manuscripts to display a complete Pauline codex, along with [[Papyrus 13]], [[Papyrus 15]]/[[Papyrus 16]], [[Papyrus 30]], [[Papyrus 46]], and [[Papyrus 92]].<ref name = Comfort358/>
 
; Textual variants
 
In Ephesians 4:23, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>49</sup> has the rare textual reading {{lang|grc|εν τω πνευματι}} (''in spirit'') instead of the reading {{lang|grc|τω πνευματι}} (''spirit''). The reading of the codex is supported by Codex Vaticanus, [[minuscule 33]], 1175, [[Minuscule 1739|1739]], 1881 and several other manuscripts.<ref name = NA510>{{Cite book | last = K. Aland (ed.)| first = E. Nestle, | title = Novum Testamentum Graece (ed. 26)| publisher = Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft | place = Stuttgart | page = 510 | year = 1991}}</ref>
 
In Ephesians 4:28, it has the unusual textual reading ταις χερσιν το αγαθον, supported only by [[Papyrus 46|<math>\mathfrak{P}^{46}</math>]], second corrector of the Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Vaticanus, Old-Latin a, and vg<sup>st</sup>. The rest of the manuscripts have the readings: το αγαθον ([[Codex Porphyrianus|Porphyrianus]], [[minuscule 6]], 33, 1739, 1881); το αγαθον ταις χερσιν ([[Codex Angelicus|Angelicus]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Athous Lavrensis]], [[Minuscule 323|323]], [[Minuscule 326|326]], [[Minuscule 614|614]], [[Minuscule 630|630]], 945); το αγαθον ταις ιδιαις χερσιν ([[Codex Mosquensis I]], 2495); ταις ιδιαις χερσιν το αγαθον (Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Codex Bezae, [[Codex Augiensis|Augiensis]], [[Codex Boernerianus|Boernerianus]], [[Minuscule 81|81]], [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 365|365]], 1175, 1241, 2464, [[Vulgata Clementina|vg<sup>cl</sup>]]).<ref name = NA510/>
 
In Ephesians 5:4, it has the textual reading και (''and''), supported by <math>\mathfrak{P}^{46}</math>, first corrector of the Codex Sinaiticus (א<sup>1</sup>), Codex Vaticanus, second corrector of the Codex Bezae, manuscripts of the [[Byzantine text-type|Byzantine textual tradition]], [[Peshitta]], Coptic manuscripts in Bohairic dialect; the other reading η (''or'') is supported by Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Bezae, Augiensis, Boernerianus, Porphyrianus, minuscule 81, 104, 326, 365, 1175, 1241, 1739, 2464, Old-Latin manuscripts, syr<sup>h</sup>, and Coptic manuscripts in Sahidic dialect.<ref name = NA511>{{Cite book | last = K. Aland (ed.)| first = E. Nestle, | title = Novum Testamentum Graece (ed. 26)| publisher = Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft | place = Stuttgart | page = 511 | year = 1991}}</ref>
 
In Ephesians 5:5, it has the textual reading ο εστιν (''who is''), supported by the manuscripts: <math>\mathfrak{P}^{46}</math>, Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Augiensis, Boernerianus, Athous Lavrensis, 33, 365, 1175, 1739, 1881, 2464, Old-Latin, Peshitta, Coptic manuscripts (Sahidic and Bohairic); the other reading ος εστιν (''who is'') is supported by Codex Alexandrinus, Codex Bezae, and manuscripts of the Byzantine textual tradition.<ref name = NA511/>
 
In Ephesians 5:9, it has the textual reading φωτος (''light''), supported by Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, Bezae, Augiensis, Boernerianus, Porphyrianus, minuscule 6, 33, 81, 629, 1175<sup>c</sup>, 1739, 1881, 2464, some Old-Latin manuscripts, Peshitta and Coptic manuscripts. The reading πνευματος (''spirit'') is found in the manuscripts <math>\mathfrak{P}^{46}</math>, D<sup>2</sup>, Ψ, majority of the Byzantine manuscripts and syr<sup>h</sup>.<ref name = NA511/>
 
== History ==
The handwriting of the manuscript displays many third-century features. Comfort dated the manuscript to the middle of the third century.<ref name = Comfort/> It is presently assigned to the third century on [[palaeography|palaeographic]] grounds by the [[Institute for New Testament Textual Research]] (INTF).<ref name = Aland/><ref name = INTF/> It was probably written in Egypt, but it cannot be assigned to any particular locality.<ref name = Hatch>W. H. P. Hatch & C. B. Welles, [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1508577 ''A Hitherto Unpublished Fragment of the Epistle to the Ephesians''], HTR 51 (1958), 33-37.</ref>
 
The manuscript was purchased in [[Cairo]] for [[Yale University]] in February 1931. Its provenance prior to Cairo is not known.<ref name = Comfort/> Currently it is housed at the [[Yale University Library]] (P. Yale 415) in [[New Haven]].<ref name = Aland/>
 
The text of the codex was published by [[William Hatch]] and Bradford Welles in 1958 (''editio princeps'').<ref name = Hatch/> Kurt Aland catalogued the manuscript on the list of the New Testament papyri under the number 49.<ref>{{Cite book
|last=Aland
|first=Kurt
|authorlink=Kurt Aland
|coauthors=[[Barbara Aland]]; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
|title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
|year=1995
|location=Grand Rapids
|page=74
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2pYDsAhUOxAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
|isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref>
Susan Stephens gave a new and complete transcription of the codex in 1985.<ref name = Comfort/> Comfort and Barrett again gave a new reconstruction in 1999.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Comfort| first = Philip W. |author2 = David P. Barrett | title = The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts | publisher = Tyndale House Publishers Incorporated | place = Wheaton, Illinois | year = 2001 | pages = 355–361 | isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1 }}</ref>
 
Vittorio Bartoletti (1920–1990) was the first to note that Papyrus 49 and [[Papyrus 65]] were produced by the same scribe.<ref>Vittorio Bartoletti, ''Papiri greci e latini della Società Italiana'', vol. XIV, (1957), pp.&nbsp;5-7.</ref> This conclusion was confirmed by Bradford Welles, Comfort and Barrett, and other palaeographers.<ref name = Comfort358/> They are still catalogued as separate manuscripts on the [[INTF]]'s list.<ref name = INTF/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=10049|title= Liste Handschriften|publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research|accessdate=26 August 2011|location=Münster}}</ref>
 
== Text ==
[[File:Papyrus49reverso.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Page verso with text of Eph 4:31-5:13]]
 
[recto (Eph 4:16-25)]
: <sup>[16]</sup> – [οικοδομην εαυτου] ε̣ν̣ αγαπ[η <sup>[17]</sup> το]υ̣το̣ ο̣υ̣ν λ̣[εγω και
: μαρτυρομ]α̣ι εν κ̅ω̅ μη̣κετι υ[μας π]ε̣ρ̣[ι]π̣ατ[ειν καθ]
: [ως και τα] ε̣θνη ·περιπατει εν̣ [ματαιοτ]η̣τ̣ι του
: [νοος] αυτων <sup>[18]</sup> εσκοτωμενοι τη ·δ[ια]νο̣ι̣α οντες
: [απηλ]λοτριωμ̣ενοι της ζωης του θ̅υ̅ δ̣ια την αγνοι
: [αν τη]ν̣ ουσαν εν ·αυτοις δια τ̣η̣[ν πωρ]ω̣σιν της
: [καρδια]ς αυ̣των̣ <sup>[19]</sup> οιτινες απηλ[γηκοτες] ε̣αυτους
: [παρεδ]ω̣καν τη̣ ·α̣σελγια ε̣ι[ς] εργα̣[σιαν] α̣καθαρ
: [σιας πασης εν πλεο]ν̣ε̣ξ̣ια <sup>[20]</sup> υμ̣[εις δε] ο̣υ̣χ̣ ουτως
: [εμαθετε τον χ̅̅ν̅ <sup>[21]</sup> ει γε] α̣υτον ηκ̣[ουσατ]ε̣ και εν αυτω
: [εδιδαχθητε καθως εστι]ν̣ α̣λ̣η̣θ̣ε̣ι̣α̣ ε̣ν̣ [τω] ι̣̅̅υ̅ <sup>[22]</sup> [α]π̣οθεσθε
: [υμας κατα τη]ν̣ προ[τεραν α]ναστροφη̣[ν το]ν̣ παλαιον αν
: [θρωπον τον] φ̣θ̣ε̣ι̣ρομενον κατα τα[ς ε]π̣ιθυμιας της
: [απατης <sup>[23]</sup> ανα]νεο̣υσθαι δε εν τω π̅ν̣̅[ι̅ το]υ νοος ·υμων
: <sup>[24]</sup> [και ενδυσασ]θ̣α̣ι̣ τ̣ον καινον ανθ̣[ρωπο]ν̣ τον κατα
: [θ̅ν̅ κτισ]θ̣εντ̣α εν δικαιοσυνη̣ τ̣ι̣ της αλη
: [θειας <sup>[25]</sup> δι]ο̣ αποθ̣εμενοι το ψευδ̣[ος λαλει]τ̣[α]ι̣ ·αληθειαν
: [εκαστος μ]ε̣τ̣α του̣ πλησιον αυτ̣[ου οτι εσμεν] α̣λ̣λ̣η̣λ̣ων
: [μελη <sup>[26]</sup> ο]ρ̣γιζ̣ε̣σθαι και μη̣ αμαρ̣τ̣αν[ετ]α̣ι ο ηλιος
: [μη επ]ι̣δυετω επι παρο̣[ργ]ι̣σμω ·υμω̣ν̣ <sup>[27]</sup> μηδε
: [διδοτε τ]οπον τω διαβολ̣ω̣ <sup>[28]</sup> ο κλεπτων μηκετει
: [κλεπτετ]ω μαλλον δ[ε κ]ο̣πιατω εργ̣[α]ζ̣ομενος
: [ταις χερσι]ν̣ το ·αγαθον ινα εχη με̣[τα]δ̣ιδο̣να̣ι
: [τω χρεια]ν̣ ·εχοντι <sup>[29]</sup> πας λογος σαπρος [ε]κ̣ του στομα
: τος υμων
 
[verso (Eph 4:29-5:13)]
: ρισατο ημ[ιν <sup>[1]</sup> γιν]ε[σθ]ε̣ ουν μιμηται του θ̅υ̅ ω̣ς̣ τ̣ε̣[κνα] αγα
: πητα <sup>[2]</sup> κα̣[ι] π̣ε̣[ρι]πατειται εν αγαπη καθως κ[αι]
: ο χ̅ς̅ ηγαπησε[ν] ·[ημ]ας και παρεδωκε[ν] εαυτον [υπερ]
: ημων πρ̣ο[σφορα]ν̣ κ̣α̣ι θυσιαν τω θ̅ω̅ ε̣[ι]ς̣ οσμη[ν ·ευω]
: διας <sup>[3]</sup> πορν[εια] [δε] κ̣αι ακαθαρσια πασα̣ η ·π̣λ̣ε[ο
: ν]εξεια μη̣δ̣[ε ονο]μ̣αζεσθω εν υμιν̣ [κ]α̣θως π[ρεπει] ·
: αγιοις <sup>[4]</sup> και εσ̣[χροτ]ης και μ̣ω̣[ρολογια η ευτραπελια α]
: ουκ α̣νηκεν̣ α̣λ̣λ̣[α μ]α̣λ̣[λον ευχαριστια <sup>[5]</sup> τουτο γαρ]
: ειστε γιν̣ωσκ̣[ο]ντ̣[ες] οτι π̣α̣[ς πορνος η ακ]α[θαρτος]
: η πλεονεκτη̣ς̣ ο̣ [εσ]τ̣ιν ειδωλο̣λ̣α̣τ̣ρ̣η̣ς̣ ου̣[κ εχει]
: κληρονομεια εν̣ [τη] βασιλεια του χυ̅ κ̣α̣ι θ̅υ̣̅ <sup>[6]</sup> [μηδεις]
: υμας απ̣ατατ̣ω̣ [κε]ν̣οις ·λογοις δια τ̣α̣υτ̣α̣ [γαρ ερχε]
: τε η̣ οργη του̣ θ̣[υ̅ επι] τους̣ υ̣ιο̣υς της απισ̣τι̣α[ς <sup>[7]</sup> μη]
: ουν γινεσθ̣[ε συμμετ]οχ̣[οι] ·α̣υ̣των <sup>[8]</sup> ητε γαρ π̣[οτε]
: σκοτος ν[υν δε φω]ς̣ ε̣ν̣ ·κ̅ω̅ ως̣ τεκ̣[ν]α φ̣[ωτος πε]
: ριπατειτ̣ε̣ <sup>[9]</sup> [ο γαρ] [καρπ]ο̣ς̣ τ̣ο̣υ φωτος εν πα̣[ση αγα]
: θοσυνη και δ̣[ικα]ιοσυν̣η κ̣α̣ι̣ αληθεια <sup>[10]</sup> δ̣οκι[μα]
: ζοντες τι εστ̣[ι]ν ευα̣ρεσ[το]ν̣ τω κ̅ω̅ <sup>[11]</sup> και μη [συγ]
: κοινωνειται το̣ις εργοις τ[οις] α̣καρποις του σ̣κ̣[οτους]
: μαλλον δε κ̣[α]ι̣ ελλεγχετ̣[ε] <sup>[12]</sup> τ̣α κρυφη γινο̣[μενα]
: υπ ·αυτων [αι]σχ̣ρον εστιν και ·λεγειν <sup>[13]</sup> τα̣ [δε] [παν]
: τα ελλεγχο[μ]ενα υπο του φωτος φανερ[ουται]
 
== See also ==
* [[List of New Testament papyri]]
 
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
== Further reading ==
* [[William Hatch|W. H. P. Hatch]] and C. Bradford Welles, [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1508577 ''A Hitherto Unpublished Fragment of the Epistle to the Ephesians''], [[Harvard Theological Review]] LI (1958), pp.&nbsp;33–37.
* {{Cite book | last = Comfort| first = Philip W. |author2 = David P. Barrett | title = The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts | publisher = Tyndale House Publishers Incorporated | place = Wheaton, Illinois | year = 2001 | pages = 355–361 | isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1 }}
 
== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [http://chrles.multiply.com/photos/album/79/Bible_Papyrus_p49#2 Image <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>49</sup> recto]
* [http://chrles.multiply.com/photos/album/79/Bible_Papyrus_p49#3 Image <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>49</sup> verso]
 
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2012}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Papyrus 0049}}
[[Category:New Testament papyri]]
[[Category:3rd-century biblical manuscripts]]
[[Category:Early Greek manuscripts of the New Testament]]
 
{{link GA|pl}}

Latest revision as of 13:31, 21 July 2014

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