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[[File:Radar météo canadiens.png|thumb|upright=2|Canadian weather radar network]]
Nice to satisfy you, my title is Refugia. His spouse doesn't like it the way he does but what he really likes performing is to do aerobics and he's been doing it for fairly a whilst. California is our birth place. For years he's been operating as a receptionist.<br><br>my blog: [http://Raybana.com/chat/pg/groups/174883/solid-advice-for-dealing-with-a-candida/ raybana.com]
The '''Canadian weather radar network''' consists of 31 [[weather radar]]s spanning Canada's most populated regions. Their primary purpose is the early detection of [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]], its motion and the threat it poses to life and property. Each has a range of {{convert|abbr=on|256|km}} in radius around the site to detect [[reflectivity]], and a range of {{convert|abbr=on|128|km}} for detecting velocity patterns ([[Doppler effect]]).
 
==History==
Research in weather radars in [[Canada]] began at the end of the Second World War with "Project Stormy Weather".<ref>{{cite book|last=Atlas|first=David|title=Radar in Meteorology|publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]]}}</ref> After the war, J.S. Marshall continued at McGill University the work with the "Stormy Weather Group".<ref>{{cite web|year=2000 | title=Stormy Weather Group| work= [[McGill University]]| url=http://www.radar.mcgill.ca/who-we-are/history.html | accessdate=2006-06-15}}</ref> The Canadian network was thus gradually formed and by 1997, there were 19 weather radars of two kinds across the country: 18 five centimeter wavelength (C-Band) radars and 1 ten centimeter wavelength (S-Band) at McGill, all of the radars detected reflectivity with 3 sites equipped with Doppler capabilities (Carvel, King City and McGill).
 
[[Environment Canada]] received approval in 1998 to upgrade the network to Doppler standard and to add 12 more radars with the operational characteristics coming from [[King City weather radar station]] (CWKR), the research radar of Environment Canada.<ref name="Joe">{{Cite conference
|last=Joe
|first=Paul
|coauthors=Steve Lapczak
|year=2002
|title=Evolution of the Canadian operational radar network
|pages =370–382
| booktitle    =Proceedings
|conference =  2nd European Conference on Radar in Meteorology and Hydrology
(ERAD)
|location= [[Delft]], [[The Netherlands]]
|url=http://copernicus.org/erad/online/erad-370.pdf
|accessdate =2011-09-19}}</ref> However, McGill radar (at the [[J. S. Marshall Radar Observatory]]), while being part of the network, is owned by [[McGill University]]. It is a research as well as an operational radar and is modified independently.
 
==Characteristics==
 
[[File:Radar météorologique de Villeroy EC.JPG|thumb|upright=1.25|Villeroy radar, 75 km southwest of [[Quebec City]] : tower and [[radome]] to the left, [[transmitter]] and [[Receiver (radio)|receiver]] in the building on the right]]
* McGill radar (at the [[J. S. Marshall Radar Observatory]]):<ref name="WMN">{{Cite web
|url= http://www.radar.mcgill.ca/facilities/mcgill-radar.html
|title= McGill S-band radar
|author= [[J. S. Marshall Radar Observatory]]
|publisher= [[McGill University]]
|year= 2010
|accessdate =2011-09-19}}</ref>
** 9 metre (30&nbsp;feet) diameter antenna.
** Using a [[klystron]] to produce a wavelength signal of 10&nbsp;cm. (S-Band)
** Doppler since 1993 and dual [[Polarization (waves)|polarization]] was added in 1999.
* [[King City weather radar station]] This research radar is essentially a WSR-98A (see below) upgraded with dual polarization capability.
[[File:Canadian_weather_radar_station_CXSS.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Station CXSS at Silver Star Mountain]]
*The rest of the network:<ref name="Joe"/>
** The upgraded radar have antennas from two manufacturers: ''Enterprise Electronics Corporation'' (EEC) and [[Raytheon]].
** The new radar have antennas produced by ''Andrew Canada''. With a diameter almost double the old ones; resolutions improved by the same amount.
** Use 5.6&nbsp;cm wavelength emitting [[magnetron]]s. (C-Band)
** Process received reflectivity and Doppler data with ''Sigmet Radar Data Systems'', now a part of [[Vaisala]] Oyj.
** Each radar in the network will thus be called a WSR-98E, WSR-98R or WSR-98A for '''W'''eather '''S'''urveillance '''R'''adar - 19'''98''' (for the year of the start of the program) and the first letter of the manufacturer of the Pedestal/Antenna ('''E'''nterprise, '''R'''aytheon or '''A'''ndrew).
** Antennas of 3.6 metres in diameter for the ungraded radars and 6.1 m for the new ones.
** Pulse length and [[pulse repetition frequency]] adjustable. Pulse length 0.8,1.6 and 2.0<math>\mu</math>s. Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) 250&nbsp;Hz and Dual PRF (Doppler Mode) 1190/1200&nbsp;Hz.
 
==Scanning Strategy==
Because the network is using [[C band]] radars, compromises had to be used (see [[Weather radar#Doppler dilemma|Doppler dilemma]]) between maximum reflectivity range and maximum non ambiguous velocities. The actual scanning strategy (2006) is divided in two separate scans over 10 minutes:<ref name="Joe"/>
* Conventional cycle: 24 elevation angles scanned in 5 minutes to obtain a tri-dimensional view of the atmosphere within 256&nbsp;km of the radar in reflectivity.
* Doppler cycle: 4 angles scanned in reflectivity and velocities, the first three in a range of 128&nbsp;km and the last within 256&nbsp;km. This cycle is used to locate possible small scale [[rotation]] and [[Wind shear|shear]] in the [[wind]] pattern as well as the large scale circulation. The velocity data also help to filter [[Weather radar#Limitations and artifacts|artifacts]] in the reflectivity such as ground echos.
 
Only the McGill radar (J. S. Marshall Radar Observatory) using its coherent S-band transmitter acquires reflectivities and velocities during each of its 24 elevation angles: 5 minute cycle time.<ref name="WMN"/>
 
Take note that McGill. Jimmy Lake and Lac Castor radars are not owned neither operated by Environment Canada. McGill radar is operated/owned by McGill University. Jimmy Lake and Lac Castor are owned/operated by the Department of Defense (DND).
 
==Latest News==
 
Environment Canada received the funding from the Treasury Board in 2011 to undergo a major modernization project called 'WES Renewal' to upgrade to dual polarization all Canadian Radars in two separate five year plans. Complete network stabilization and systemic problems resolution will also be part of this major effort by Environment Canada. The first five years will concentrate on the upgrade of the ten 98A radars to dual polarization. McGill will be upgraded to a new antenna (will either remain S-Band or change to C-Band), but will be operated by Environment Canada in the near future (probably by 2016).<ref name="EN-2012">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=592AB94B-1&news=06F87D0A-4EC0-41F2-99EE-729855FCEA65 | title= Weather Monitoring Infrastructure | author= Government of Canada | work= Environnement Canada | date = January 25, 2012 | accessdate= October 29, 2012 }}</ref>
 
==List of radars==
 
The modernization process began in the fall of 1998 with the opening of Bethune radar and ended in 2004 with the one in Timmins.<ref>{{cite web|year=2004 | title=The National Radar Program| work= [[Environment Canada]]| url=http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/projects/nrp/index_e.cfm|accessdate=2006-06-15}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ '''Canadian Weather Radar Network'''
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
!Site
!Location
!Province
!Coordinates
!ID/[[call sign]]
!Band
!Type
!Callsign meaning
!Notes
|-
|Aldergrove||[[Vancouver]]||[[British Columbia]]
|{{coord|49.01662|-122.48698|region:CA-BC_type:landmark|name=CWUJ - Aldergrove}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=WUJ CWUJ]
|C
|98E
|
|-
|Bethune
|[[Regina, Saskatchewan|Regina]]
|[[Saskatchewan]]
|{{coord|50.57108|-105.18268|region:CA-SK_type:landmark|name=CXBE - Bethune}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XBE CXBE]
|C
|98A
|'''Be'''thune
|-
|Britt||[[Georgian Bay]]
|[[Ontario]]
|{{coord|45.79317|-80.53385|region:CA-ON_type:landmark|name=CWBI - Britt}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=WBI CWBI]
|C
|98A
|'''B'''r'''i'''tt
|-
|[[Carvel, Alberta|Carvel]]||[[Edmonton]]
|[[Alberta]]
|{{coord|53.56056|-114.14495|region:CA-AB_type:landmark|name=CWHK - Carvel}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=WHK CWHK]
|C
|98E
|
|-
|[[Chipman, New Brunswick|Chipman]]
|Central New Brunswick
|[[New Brunswick]]
|{{coord|46.22222|-65.69861|region:CA-NB_type:landmark|name=CXNC - Chipman}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XNC CXNC]
|C
|98E
|'''N'''ew Brunswick '''C'''hipman
|-
|[[Dryden]]
|Western Ontario
|Ontario
|{{coord|49.85823|-92.79698|region:CA-ON_type:landmark|name=CXDR - Dryden}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XDR CXDR]
|C
|98E
|'''Dr'''yden
|-
|[[Exeter, Ontario|Exeter]]
|[[Southwestern Ontario]]
|Ontario
|{{coord|43.37028|-81.38417|region:CA-ON_type:landmark|name=CWSO - Exeter}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=WSO CWSO]
|C
|98A
|'''S'''outhern '''O'''ntario
|-
|[[Foxwarren, Manitoba|Foxwarren]]
|Eastern Saskatchewan/Western Manitoba
|[[Manitoba]]
|{{coord|50.54887|-101.08570|region:CA-MB_type:landmark|name=CXFW - Foxwarren}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XFW CXFW]
|C
|98E
|'''F'''ox'''w'''arren
|-
|[[Franktown, Ontario|Franktown]]
|Eastern Ontario
|Ontario
|{{coord|45.04101|-76.11617|region:CA-ON_type:landmark|name=CXFT - Franktown}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XFT CXFT]
|C
|98A
|'''F'''rank'''t'''own
|-
|[[Gore, Nova Scotia|Gore]]
|Central [[Hants County]]
|[[Nova Scotia]]
|{{coord|45.09850|-63.70433|region:CA-NS_type:landmark|name=CXGO - Gore}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XGO CXGO]
|C
|98A
|'''Go'''re
|-
|[[Holyrood, Newfoundland and Labrador|Holyrood]]
|Eastern Newfoundland
|[[Newfoundland and Labrador]]
|{{coord|47.32556|-53.17861|region:CA-NL_type:landmark|name=CWTP - Holyrood}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=WTP CWTP]
|C
|98R
|
|-
|Jimmy Lake||NW Saskatchewan/NE Alberta
|Saskatchewan
|{{coord|54.91333|-109.95528|region:CA-SK_type:landmark|name=CWHN - Jimmy Lake}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=WHN CWHN]
|C
|98E
|
|-
|[[King City weather radar station|King City]]
|Southern Ontario
|Ontario
|{{coord|43.96393|-79.57388|region:CA-ON_type:landmark|name=CWKR - King City}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=WKR CWKR]
|C
|98A
|'''K'''ing City '''R'''adar
|-
|Lac Castor
|[[Saguenay River]]
|[[Quebec]]
|{{coord|48.57581|-70.66784|region:CA-QC_type:landmark|name=CWMB - Lac Castor}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=WMB CWMB]
|C
|98E
|
|-
|Landrienne
|[[Amos, Quebec|Amos]]
|Quebec
|{{coord|48.55152|-77.80815|region:CA-QC_type:landmark|name=CXLA - Landrienne}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XLA CXLA]
|C
|98R
|'''L'''andrienne '''A'''mos
|-
|[[Nipigon, Ontario|Lasseter Lake]]
|Superior West
|Ontario
|{{coord|48.85352|-89.12150|region:CA-ON_type:landmark|name=CXNI - Lasseter Lake}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XNI CXNI]
|C
|98E
|'''Ni'''pigon
|-
|[[Mount Musgrave|Marble Mountain]]
|Western Newfoundland
|Newfoundland and Labrador
|{{coord|48.93028|-57.83417|region:CA-NL_type:landmark|name=CXME - Marble Mountain}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XME CXME]
|C
|98A
|'''M'''arbl'''e''' Mountain
|-
|[[Marion Bridge, Nova Scotia|Marion Bridge]]
|Southeastern [[Cape Breton County, Nova Scotia|Cape Breton County]]
|Nova Scotia
|{{coord|45.94947|-60.20578|region:CA-NS_type:landmark|name=CXMB - Marion Bridge}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XMB CXMB]
|C
|98E
|'''M'''arion '''B'''ridge
|-
|[[J. S. Marshall Radar Observatory#Main instrument|McGill]]
|[[Montreal]]
|Quebec
|{{coord|45.42416|-73.93735|region:CA-QC_type:landmark|name=CWMN - McGill}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=WMN CWMN]
|S
| --
|'''M'''o'''n'''treal
|-
|Montreal River Harbour
|[[Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario|Sault Ste Marie]]
|Ontario
|{{coord|47.24778|-84.59583|region:CA-ON_type:landmark|name=CWGJ - Montreal River}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=WGJ CWGJ]
|C
|98E
|
|-
|Mount Sicker
|[[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]]
|British Columbia
|{{coord|48.86099|-123.75654|region:CA-BC_type:landmark|name=CXSI - Mt-Sicker}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XSI CXSI]
|C
|98A
|Mount '''Si'''cker
|-
|Mount Silver Star
|[[Vernon, British Columbia|Vernon]]
|British Columbia
|{{coord|50.36950|-119.06436|region:CA-BC_type:landmark|name=CXSS - Mt-Silver Star}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XSS CXSS]
|C
|98A
| '''S'''ilver '''S'''tar
|-
|[[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]]
|Northern B.C.
|British Columbia
|{{coord|53.61308|-122.95441|region:CA-BC_type:landmark|name=CXPG - Prince George}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XPG CXPG]
|C
|98R
| '''P'''rince '''G'''eorge
|-
|Radisson
|[[Saskatoon]]
|Saskatchewan
|{{coord|52.52056|-107.44361|region:CA-SK_type:landmark|name=CXRA - Radisson}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XRA CXRA]
|C
|98E
| '''Ra'''disson
|-
|Schuler
|[[Medicine Hat]]
|Alberta
|{{coord|50.31250|-110.19556|region:CA-AB_type:landmark|name=CXBU - Schuler}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XBU CXBU]
|C
|98E
|'''Bu'''rstall
|This RADAR was originally planned to be located at [[Burstall, Saskatchewan]].
|-
|Spirit River
|[[Grande Prairie]]
|Alberta
|{{coord|55.69250|-119.23000|region:CA-AB_type:landmark|name=CWWW - Spirit River}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=WWW CWWW]
|C
|98E
|
|-
|Strathmore
|[[Calgary]]
|Alberta
|{{coord|51.20628|-113.39906|region:CA-AB_type:landmark|name=CXSM - Strathmore}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XSM CXSM]
|C
|98A
|'''S'''trath'''m'''ore
|-
|[[Timmins, Ontario|Timmins]]
|Northeastern Ontario
|Ontario
|{{coord|49.28146|-81.79406|region:CA-ON_type:landmark|name=CXTI - Timmins}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XTI CXTI]
|C
|98E
|'''Ti'''mmins
|-
|[[Amqui, Quebec|Val d'Irène]]
|Lower St. Lawrence
|Quebec
|{{coord|48.48028|-67.60111|region:CA-QC_type:landmark|name=CXAM - Val d'Irène}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XAM CXAM]
|C
|98A
||'''Am'''qui
|-
|Villeroy
|Southwest of [[Quebec City]]
|Quebec
|{{coord|46.45000|-71.91528|region:CA-QC_type:landmark|name=CWVY - Villeroy}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=WVY CWVY]
|C
|98R
|'''V'''illero'''y'''
|-
|Woodlands
|[[Winnipeg]]
|Manitoba
|{{coord|50.15389|-97.77833|region:CA-MB_type:landmark|name=CXWL - Woodlands}}
|[http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html?id=XWL CXWL]
|C
|98A
|'''W'''ood'''l'''ands
|}
 
==See also==
* [[NEXRAD]], the weather radar network in [[United States]]
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
 
==External links==
 
{{GeoGroupTemplate}}
* [http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/projects/nrp/Montreal_e.cfm Environment Canada description of the different sites]
* [http://weather.ec.gc.ca/radar/index_e.html Real time Canadian weather radar network data by Environment Canada]
* [http://www.andrew.com/products/antennas/radar/default.aspx Andrew radars]
* [http://www.eecradar.com/ Enterprise Electronics Corporation (EEC)]
 
{{Meteorological equipment}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Canadian Weather Radar Network}}
[[Category:Meteorological Service of Canada]]
[[Category:Weather radars]]

Latest revision as of 14:53, 2 December 2014

Nice to satisfy you, my title is Refugia. His spouse doesn't like it the way he does but what he really likes performing is to do aerobics and he's been doing it for fairly a whilst. California is our birth place. For years he's been operating as a receptionist.

my blog: raybana.com

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