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| {{refimprove|date=April 2010}}
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| The '''capacitor-input filter''', also called ''pi'' filter due to its shape that looks like the [[Greek alphabet|Greek letter]] [[pi (letter)|π]], is a type of [[electronic filter]]. Filter circuits are used to remove unwanted or undesired frequencies from a signal.
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| [[Image:Capacitor input filter.svg]]
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| A typical capacitor input filter consists of a filter or reservoir [[capacitor]] C1, connected across the rectifier output, an [[inductor]] L, in series and another filter or smoothing capacitor, C2, connected across the load, RL. A filter of this sort is designed for use at a particular frequency, generally fixed by the AC line frequency and rectifier configuration. When used in this service, filter performance is often characterized by its [[Voltage regulation|regulation]] and [[Ripple (electrical)|ripple]].
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| # The [[capacitor]] C1 offers low [[Reactance (electronics)|reactance]] to the AC component of the rectifier output while it offers infinite resistance to the DC component. As a result the capacitor [[Shunt (electrical)|shunts]] an appreciable amount of the AC component while the DC component continues its journey to the inductor L
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| # The [[inductor]] L offers high reactance to the AC component but it offers almost zero resistance to the DC component. As a result the DC component flows through the inductor while the AC component is blocked.
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| # The [[capacitor]] C2 bypasses the AC component which the inductor had failed to block. As a result only the DC component appears across the load RL.
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| The component value for the inductor can be estimated as an inductance that resonates the smoothing capacitor(s) at or below one tenth of the minimum ac frequency in the power supplied to the filter (100 Hz from a full-wave rectifier in a region where the power supply is 50Hz). Thus if reservoir and smoothing capacitors of 2200 microfarads are used, a suitable minimum value for the inductor would be that which resonates 2200 microfarads (μF) to 10 Hz, i.e. 1 mH. A larger value is preferable provided the inductor can carry the required supply current.
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| NOTE: Assuming a resonance equation of <math>F = \left( 2\pi \sqrt{LC} \right)^{-1}</math>
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| Capacitor input filters can provide extremely pure dc supplies, but have fallen out of favour because inductors tend to be unavoidably heavy, which has led to the often-preferred choice of [[voltage regulator]]s instead.
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| Advantages: More output voltage & Ripple less output
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| Disadvantages: Large in size and weight & High cost
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==See also==
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| [[Electronic filter topology]] - contains a general definition of a π (pi) section filter topology, of which this is an example
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Capacitor-Input Filter}}
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| [[Category:Linear filters]] | |
| [[Category:Analog circuits]]
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| [[Category:Electronic filter topology]]
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