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[[Image:Elephantsdream_vectorstill06.png|thumb|350px|Motion vectors that result from a movement into the <math>z</math>-plane of the image, combined with a lateral movement to the lower-right. This is a visualization of the motion estimation performed in order to compress an MPEG movie.]]'''Motion estimation''' is the process of determining [[motion vector]]s that describe the transformation from one 2D image to another; usually from adjacent [[video frame|frames]] in a video sequence. It is an [[well-posed problem|ill-posed problem]] as the motion is in three dimensions but the images are a projection of the 3D scene onto a 2D plane. The motion vectors may relate to the whole image (global motion estimation) or specific parts, such as rectangular blocks, arbitrary shaped patches or even per [[pixel]]. The motion vectors may be represented by a translational model or many other models that can approximate the motion of a real video camera, such as rotation and translation in all three dimensions and zoom.
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Closely related to motion estimation is [[optical flow]], where the vectors correspond to the perceived movement of pixels. In motion estimation an exact 1:1 correspondence of pixel positions is not a requirement.
 
Applying the motion vectors to an image to synthesize the transformation to the next image is called [[motion compensation]]. The combination of motion estimation and motion compensation is a key part of [[video compression]] as used by [[MPEG]] 1, 2 and 4 as well as many other [[video codecs]].
 
==Algorithms==
The methods for finding motion vectors can be categorised into pixel based methods ("direct") and feature based methods ("indirect"). A famous debate resulted in two papers from the opposing factions being produced to try to establish a conclusion.<ref>Philip H.S. Torr and Andrew Zisserman: Feature Based Methods for Structure and Motion Estimation, ICCV Workshop on Vision Algorithms, pages 278-294, 1999</ref><ref>Michal Irani and P. Anandan: About Direct Methods, ICCV Workshop on Vision Algorithms, pages 267-277, 1999.</ref>
 
===Direct Methods===
* [[Block-matching algorithm]]
* [[Phase correlation]] and frequency domain methods
* Pixel recursive algorithms
* [[Optical flow]]
 
===Indirect Methods===
''Indirect methods'' use features, such as [[corner detection]], and match corresponding features between frames, usually with a statistical function applied over a local or global area. The purpose of the statistical function is to remove matches that do not correspond to the actual motion.
 
Statistical functions that have been successfully used include [[RANSAC]].
 
==References==
<references/>
 
[[Category:Video processing]]
[[Category:Motion]]
[[Category:Estimation theory]]

Revision as of 01:03, 26 February 2014

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