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| [[File:Dubna.house of scientiests.jpg|thumb|Headquarters of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna]]
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| The '''Joint Institute for Nuclear Research''', JINR ({{lang-ru|Объединённый институт ядерных исследований, ОИЯИ}}), in [[Dubna]], [[Moscow Oblast]] (110 km north of [[Moscow]]), [[Russia]], is an international research centre for nuclear sciences, with 5500 staff members, 1200 [[researcher]]s including 1000 [[Ph.D]]'s from eighteen member states (including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus and Kazakhstan). Most scientists, however, are eminent Russian scientists.
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| The Institute has seven laboratories, each with its own specialisation: [[theoretical physics]], [[high energy physics]] (particle physics), [[heavy ion]] physics, condensed matter physics, nuclear reactions, [[neutron]] physics, and [[information technology]]. The institute has a division to study radiation and radiobiological research and other ad hoc experimental physics experiments.
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| Principal research instruments include a nuclotron superconductive [[particle accelerator]] (particle [[energy]]: 7 [[GeV]]), three isochronic cyclotrons (120, 145, 650 MeV), a phasotron (680 MeV) and a [[synchrophasotron]] (4 GeV). The site has a [[neutron]] fast-pulse [[nuclear reactor|reactor]] (1500MW pulse) with nineteen associated instruments receiving neutron beams.
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| ==Founding==
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| The agreement on the establishment of JINR was signed on March 26, 1956 in [[Moscow]], with [[Wang Ganchang]] and [[Vladimir Veksler]] among the founders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newuc.jinr.ru/img_sections/file/pract08/30.06/JINR-eng-2008.pdf|format=PDF|title =International Intergovermental Organization Joint Institute for Nuclear Research|publisher= [[Laboratory of High Energies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]]|date=July 18, 2008|accessdate=August 12, 2008}}</ref>
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| The institute was established on the basis of two research institutes of the [[USSR Academy of Sciences]]: the Institute for Nuclear Problems and the Electrophysical Laboratory.
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| Although the first research instrument was built at Dubna in 1947, it was not until the creation of [[CERN]] in 1954 that a countervailing group from the [[West]] was created—''JINR''.
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| ==Structure==
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| [[File:RIAN archive 110291 Kozulin checking the experiment readiness of the supersensitive analyzer.jpg|left|thumb|Eduard Kozulin, head of the nuclear reaction laboratory of the United Nuclear Research Institute, checking the experiment readiness of the supersensitive analyzer of heavy atoms mass.]]
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| The JINR has eight laboratories and University Centre:
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| *[[Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics]] (BLTP)
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| *[[Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energies]] (VBLHE)
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| *[[JINR Laboratory of Particle Physics|Laboratory of Particle Physics]] (LPP)
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| *[[Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems]] (DLNP)
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| *[[Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions]] (FLNR)
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| *[[Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics]] (FLNP)
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| *[[JINR Laboratory of Information Technologies|Laboratory of Information Technologies]] (LIT)
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| *[[JINR Laboratory of Radiation Biology|Laboratory of Radiation Biology]] (LRB)
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| *[[JINR University Centre|University Centre]] (UC)
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| Experimental Physics workshops are also parts of the Institute.
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| ==Fields of research==
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| The main fields of the Institute's research are:
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| * [[theoretical physics]]
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| * [[elementary particle physics]]
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| * [[relativistic nuclear physics]]
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| * [[heavy ion physics]]
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| * [[low energy physics|low]] and [[intermediate energy physics]]
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| * [[nuclear physics]] with [[neutrons]]
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| * [[condensed matter physics]]
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| * [[radiation biology]] and [[radiobiological research]]
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| * [[Computer networking]], [[computing]] and [[computational physics]]
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| * educational programme
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| ==Discoveries==
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| More than 40 major discoveries have been made.
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| * 1959 – nonradiative transitions in [[mesoatom]]s
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| * 1960 – [[sigma particle|antisigma-minus hyperon]]
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| * 1963 – element 102
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| * 1972 – postradiative regeneration of cells
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| * 1973 – quark counting rule
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| * 1975 – phenomenon of slow neutron confinement
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| * 1988 – regularity of resonant formation of muonic molecules in deuterium
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| * 1999-2005 – elements 114, 116, 118, 115 and 113
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| * 2006 – chemical identification of element 112
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| * 2010 – successful synthesis of element 117<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/07/science/07element.html?hp | work=The New York Times | title=Scientists Discover Heavy New Element | first=James | last=Glanz | date=April 6, 2010}}</ref>
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| Elements discovered at ''JINR'': [[rutherfordium]] (1964), [[nobelium]] (1966), [[dubnium]] (1968), [[seaborgium]] (1974), [[bohrium]] (1976), [[flerovium]] (''[[Island of stability]]'', 1999), [[livermorium]] (2001), [[ununtrium]] (2004), [[ununpentium]] (2004), [[ununoctium]] (2006), [[ununseptium]] (2010).
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| ==JINR Prize==
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| In 1961 the JINR Prizes were instituted.
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| * JINR Prize 1961
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| : A group of physicists headed by [[Wang Ganchang]], deputy director from 1958 to 1960 and the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] Professor [[Vladimir Veksler]] was awarded the first prize for the discovery of [[sigma particle|antisigma-minus hyperon]]. The experimental group led by Professor Wang Ganchang, analysed more than 40,000 photographs which recorded tens of thousands of nuclear interactions taken in the [[bubble chamber|propane bubble chamber]], produced by the 10 [[GeV]] [[synchrophasotron]] used to bombard a target forming high energy [[meson]]s, was the first to discover the [[Sigma particle|anti-sigma minus hyperon]] particles on March 9, 1959:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lhe.jinr.ru/StaraLesna2003/pdf/malakh.pdf|format=PDF|title =50thAnniversary of the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research|publisher= [[Laboratory of High Energies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]]|date=October 27, 2003|accessdate=August 11, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
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| ::<math>\pi^- + C\to \bar\Sigma^- + K^0 + \bar K^0 + K^- + p^+ + \pi^+ + \pi^- + \hbox{nucleus recoil}</math>
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| :The discovery of this new unstable [[antiparticle]] which decays in (1.18±0.07)·10<sup>−10</sup> [[second|s]] into an [[antineutron]] and a negative [[pion]] was announced in September of that year:<ref name=diandonglixue>{{cite web|url=http://class.htu.cn/diandonglixue/physics/wangganchang.htm|title =王淦昌的科学贡献|publisher= [[电动力学网络教程]]|date=2006-06-01|accessdate=August 4, 2008}}</ref>
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| ::<math>\bar\Sigma^-\to \bar n^0 + \pi^-</math>
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| :No-one doubted at the time that this particle was elementary, but a few years later, this [[hyperon]], the [[proton]], the [[neutron]], the [[pion]] and other [[hadron]]s had lost their status of [[elementary particle]]s as they turned out to be complex particles too consisting of [[quark]]s and [[antiquark]]s.
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| ==Directors==
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| *[[Dmitry Blokhintsev]] (1956–1965)
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| *[[Nikolay Bogolyubov]] (1966–1988)
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| *[[Dezső Kiss]] (1989–1991)
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| *[[Vladimir Kadyshevsky]] (1992–2005)
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| *[[Alexei Sisakian]] (2005–2010)
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| == References ==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| * [http://www.jinr.ru JINR Website]
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| * [http://flnp.jinr.ru Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Website]
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| {{coord|56.746423|37.189268|display=title|format=dms|type:landmark}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Joint Institute For Nuclear Research}}
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| [[Category:Research institutes established in 1956]]
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| [[Category:Research institutes in Russia]]
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| [[Category:Nuclear research centers]]
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| [[Category:Research institutes in the Soviet Union]]
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| [[Category:International research institutes]]
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| [[Category:Particle physics facilities]]
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