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| {{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
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| A '''supercritical flow''' is a '''flow''' whose velocity is larger than the '''wave''' velocity. The analogous condition in gas dynamics is [[supersonic]].
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| Information travels at the wave velocity. This is the velocity at which waves travel outwards from a pebble thrown into a lake. The flow velocity is the velocity at which a leaf in the flow travels. If a pebble is thrown into a supercritical flow then the ripples will all move down stream whereas in a subcritical flow some would travel up stream and some would travel down stream. It is only in supercritical flows that [[hydraulic jump]]s ([[Tidal bore|bores]]) can occur. In [[fluid dynamics]], the change from one behaviour to the other is often described by a [[dimensionless quantity]], where the transition occurs whenever this number becomes less or more than one. One of these numbers is the [[Froude number]]:
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| * <math>Fr \ \stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\ \frac{U}{\sqrt{gh}}</math>,
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| where
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| * U = velocity of the flow
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| * g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s² or 32.2 ft/s²)
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| * h = depth of flow relative to the channel bottom
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| If <math> Fr < 1 </math>, we call the flow '''subcritical'''; if <math> Fr > 1 </math>, we call the flow '''supercritical'''. If <math> Fr \approx 1 </math>, it is '''critical'''.
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| ==See also==
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| *[[Momentum-depth_relationship_in_a_rectangular_channel#Supercritical_Flow_versus_Subcritical_Flow_on_an_M-y_Diagram|Supercritical vs. subcritical flow]]
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| *[[Supersonic]]
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| *[[Hypersonic]]
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Supercritical Flow}}
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| [[Category:Fluid dynamics]]
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| The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction. Physical Modelling of Hydraulics Chanson, Hubert (1999)
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Latest revision as of 13:51, 30 October 2014
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