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| A '''United States Treasury security''' is a [[government bond|government debt]] issued by the [[United States Department of the Treasury]] through the [[Bureau of the Public Debt]]. Treasury [[Security (finance)|securities]] are the [[debt]] financing instruments of the [[Federal government of the United States|United States federal government]], and they are often referred to simply as '''Treasuries'''. There are four types of marketable treasury securities: [[United States Treasury security#Treasury bill|Treasury bills]], [[United States Treasury security#Treasury note|Treasury notes]], [[United States Treasury security#Treasury bond|Treasury bonds]], and [[United States Treasury security#TIPS|Treasury Inflation Protected Securities]] (TIPS). There are several types of non-marketable treasury securities including State and Local Government Series (SLGS), Government Account Series debt issued to government-managed trust funds, and [[United States Treasury security#U.S. Savings Bonds|savings bonds]]. All of the marketable Treasury securities are very [[Market liquidity|liquid]] and are heavily traded on the [[secondary market]]. The non-marketable securities (such as [[United States Treasury security#U.S. Savings Bonds|savings bonds]]) are issued to subscribers and cannot be transferred through market sales.
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| ==Backing of US currency==
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| The Congress has specified that Federal Reserve Banks must hold collateral equal in value to the Federal Reserve notes that the Federal Reserve Bank puts into circulation. This collateral is chiefly held in the form of U.S. Treasury debt, federal agency, and government-sponsored enterprise securities.<ref>"Is U.S. currency still backed by gold?" http://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/currency_12770.htm</ref>
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| ==History==
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| The U.S. government knew that the costs of [[World War I]] would be high, and the question of how to pay for the war was a matter of intense debate. The resulting decision was to pay for the war with a balance between higher taxes (see the [[War Revenue Act of 1917|War Tax Act]]) and government debt. Traditionally, the government borrowed from other countries, but there were no other countries from which to borrow in 1917: US citizens would have to finance the war through both higher taxes and purchases of [[War Bond|war bonds]].<ref name="Garbade">{{cite web| author=Kenneth D. Garbade| title=Why The U.S. Treasury Began Auctioning Treasury Bills in 1929| publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Vol. 14, No. 1| date=July 2008| url=http://www.newyorkfed.org/research/epr/08v14n1/0807garb.pdf| accessdate=2011-04-27}}</ref>
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| The Treasury raised funding throughout the war by selling $21.5 billion in '[[Liberty bond]]s.' These bonds were sold at [[Subscription (finance)|subscription]] where officials created coupon price and then sold it at [[par value]]. At this price, subscriptions could be filled in as little as one day, but usually remained open for several weeks, depending on demand for the bond.<ref name="Garbade"/>
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| After the war, the Liberty bonds were reaching maturity, but the Treasury was unable to pay each down fully with only limited budget surpluses. The resolution to this problem was to refinance the debt with variable short and medium-term maturities. Again the Treasury issued debt through fixed-price subscription, where both the coupon and the price of the debt were dictated by the Treasury.<ref name="Garbade"/>
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| The problems with debt issuance became apparent in the late-1920s. The system suffered from chronic oversubscription, where interest rates were so attractive that there were more purchasers of debt than supplied by the government. This indicated that the government was paying too much for debt. As government debt was undervalued, debt purchasers could buy from the government and immediately sell to another market participant at a higher price.<ref name="Garbade"/>
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| In 1929, the US Treasury shifted from the fixed-price subscription system to a system of [[auction]]ing where 'Treasury Bills' would be sold to the highest bidder. Securities were then issued on a [[Pro rata|pro rata system]] where securities would be allocated to the highest bidder until their demand was full. If more treasurys were supplied by the government, they would then be allocated to the next highest bidder. This system allowed the market, rather than the government, to set the price. On December 10, 1929, the Treasury issued its first auction. The result was the issuing of $224 million three-month bills. The highest bid was at 99.310 with the lowest bid accepted at 99.152.<ref name="Garbade"/>
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| ==Marketable securities==
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| {{Refimprove section|date=February 2009}}
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| ===Directly issued by the United States Government===
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| ====Treasury bill====
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| :''"Treasury bill" redirects here. Note that the [[Bank of England]] issues these in the United Kingdom.
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| '''Treasury bills''' (or '''T-Bills''') [[Maturity (finance)|mature]] in one year or less. Like [[zero-coupon bond]]s, they do not pay [[interest]] prior to maturity; instead they are sold at a [[discounting|discount]] of the [[par value]] to create a positive [[yield to maturity]].<ref name="Treasury Direct Treasury Bills">[http://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/products/prod_tbills_glance.htm Treasury Bills], TreasuryDirect.gov. U.S. Department of Treasury, Bureau of Public Debt. April 22, 2011. Retrieved May 24, 2011.</ref> Many regard Treasury bills as the least risky investment available to U.S. investors.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}
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| Regular weekly T-Bills are commonly issued with maturity dates of 28 days (or 4 weeks, about a month), 91 days (or 13 weeks, about 3 months), 182 days (or 26 weeks, about 6 months), and 364 days (or 52 weeks, about 1 year). Treasury bills are sold by [[single-price auction]]s held weekly. Offering amounts for 13-week and 26-week bills are announced each Thursday for auction, usually at 11:30 a.m., on the following Monday and settlement, or issuance, on Thursday. Offering amounts for 4-week bills are announced on Monday for auction the next day, Tuesday, usually at 11:30 a.m., and issuance on Thursday. Offering amounts for 52-week bills are announced every fourth Thursday for auction the next Tuesday, usually at 11:30 am, and issuance on Thursday. Purchase orders at [[TreasuryDirect]] must be entered before 11:00 on the Monday of the auction. The minimum purchase, effective April 7, 2008, is $100. (This amount formerly had been $1,000.) Mature T-bills are also redeemed on each Thursday. Banks and financial institutions, especially [[primary dealers]], are the largest purchasers of T-bills.
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| Like other securities, individual issues of T-bills are identified with a unique [[CUSIP]] number. The 13-week bill issued three months after a 26-week bill is considered a re-opening of the 26-week bill and is given the same CUSIP number. The 4-week bill issued two months after that and maturing on the same day is also considered a re-opening of the 26-week bill and shares the same CUSIP number. For example, the 26-week bill issued on March 22, 2007, and maturing on September 20, 2007, has the same CUSIP number (912795A27) as the 13-week bill issued on June 21, 2007, and maturing on September 20, 2007, and as the 4-week bill issued on August 23, 2007 that matures on September 20, 2007.
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| During periods when Treasury cash balances are particularly low, the Treasury may sell cash management bills (or '''CMBs'''). These are sold at a discount and by auction just like weekly Treasury bills. They differ in that they are irregular in amount, term (often less than 21 days), and day of the week for auction, issuance, and maturity. When CMBs mature on the same day as a regular weekly bill, usually Thursday, they are said to be '''on-cycle.''' The CMB is considered another reopening of the bill and has the same CUSIP. When CMBs mature on any other day, they are '''off-cycle''' and have a different CUSIP number.
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| ===== Pricing and quotation =====
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| Treasury bills are quoted for purchase and sale in the secondary market on an annualized discount percentage, or [[cost basis|basis]].
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| General calculation for the discount yield for Treasury bills is:{{dubious|date=December 2013}}<ref>[http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/discount-yield.asp]</ref>
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| <math>\text{Discount Yield} (%) = \frac{\text{Face Value} - \text{Purchase Price}}{\text{Face Value}} \times \frac{\text{360}}{\text{Days Till Maturity}} \times 100[%]</math>
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| ====Treasury note====<!-- This section is linked from [[Gold standard]] -->
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| :''This is the modern usage of "Treasury Note" in the U.S., for the earlier meanings see [[Treasury Note (disambiguation)]].''
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| '''Treasury notes''' (or '''T-Notes''') mature in two to ten years, have a [[Coupon (bond)|coupon payment]] every six months, and have denominations of $1,000. In the basic transaction, one buys a "$1,000" T-Note for say, $950, collects interest over 10 years of say, 3% per year, which comes to $30 yearly, and at the end of the 10 years cashes it in for $1000. So, $950 over the course of 10 years becomes $1300.
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| T-Notes and T-Bonds are quoted on the secondary market at percentage of [[Par value#Bonds|par]] in thirty-seconds of a point (n/32 of a point, where n = 1,2,3,...). Thus, for example, a quote of 95:07 on a note indicates that it is trading at a discount: $952.19 (i.e., 95 + 7/32%) for a $1,000 bond. (Several different notations may be used for bond price quotes. The example of 95 and 7/32 points may be written as 95:07, or 95-07, or 95'07, or decimalized as 95.21875.) Other notation includes a +, which indicates 1/64 points and a third digit may be specified to represent 1/256 points. Examples include 95:07+ which equates to (95 + 7/32 + 1/64) and 95:073 which equates to (95 + 7/32 + 3/256). Notation such as 95:073+ is not typically used.
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| The 10-year Treasury note has become the security most frequently quoted when discussing the performance of the U.S. government bond market and is used to convey the market's take on longer-term macroeconomic expectations.
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| ====Treasury bond====<!-- This section is linked from [[Government bond]] -->
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| {{Redirect|U.S. Bonds|the singer/performer|Gary U.S. Bonds}}
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| '''Treasury bonds''' ('''T-Bonds''', or the '''long bond''') have the longest [[Maturity (finance)|maturity]], from twenty years to thirty years. They have a [[Coupon (bond)|coupon payment]] every six months like T-Notes, and are commonly issued with maturity of thirty years. The [[secondary market]] is highly liquid, so the yield on the most recent T-Bond offering was commonly used as a proxy for long-term interest rates in general.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} This role has largely been taken over by the 10-year note, as the size and frequency of long-term bond issues declined significantly in the 1990s and early 2000s.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}
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| The U.S. Federal government suspended issuing 30-year Treasury bonds for four years from February 18, 2002 to February 9, 2006.<ref name="30year">{{cite web| title=Treasury Reintroduces 30-Year Bond| url=http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h15/data.htm| publisher=U.S. Federal Reserve| date=13 April 2011| accessdate=2012-08-22}}</ref> As the U.S. government used budget surpluses to pay down Federal debt in the late 1990s,<ref name="debt">{{cite web| date=28 December 2000| url=http://clinton4.nara.gov/WH/new/html/Fri_Dec_29_151111_2000.html| title=The United States on Track to Pay Off the Debt by End of the Decade| publisher=Clinton4nara.gov| accessdate=2009-10-23}}</ref> the 10-year Treasury note began to replace the 30-year Treasury bond as the general, most-followed metric of the U.S. bond market. However, because of demand from [[pension fund]]s and large, long-term [[institutional investor]]s, along with a need to diversify the Treasury's liabilities - and also because the flatter [[yield curve]] meant that the [[opportunity cost]] of selling long-dated debt had dropped - the 30-year Treasury bond was re-introduced in February 2006 and is now issued quarterly.<ref>{{cite web|title=Table of Treasury Securities| url=http://www.treasurydirect.gov/instit/auctfund/work/auctime/auctime_securitiestable.htm|publisher=U.S. Department of the Treasury| date=4 November 2010| accessdate=2011-04-27}}</ref> This brought the U.S. in line with [[Economy of Japan|Japan]] and [[Economy of Europe|European]] governments issuing longer-dated maturities amid growing global demand from pension funds.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} Since the 1970s the 10 Year Treasury Note and the 30 year fixed mortgage have had a very tight correlation.<ref name=post>{{cite news |title=Average 30 Year Mortgage Rates Remain Under 4% Headed into May 2012 |work=RWB Press |date=April 30, 2012 |url=http://www.rwbpress.com/2012/04/29/average-30-year-mortgage-rates-remain-under-4-headed-into-may-2012/#mortgageinterestrates }}</ref>
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| ====TIPS====<!-- This section is linked from [[Government bond]] --> | |
| '''Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities''' (or '''TIPS''') are the [[inflation-indexed bond]]s issued by the U.S. Treasury. The principal is adjusted to the [[Consumer Price Index]] (CPI), the commonly used measure of [[inflation]]. When the CPI rises, the principal adjusts upward. If the index falls, the principal adjusts downwards.<ref>{{cite web | author= Benjamin Shephard | title=Park Your Cash | url=http://www.investingdaily.com/pf/15730/park-your-cash.html | publisher=InvestingDaily.com | date= July 9, 2008 | accessdate=2011-05-17}}</ref> The [[coupon rate]] is constant, but generates a different amount of interest when multiplied by the inflation-adjusted principal, thus protecting the holder against the official inflation rate (as asserted by the CPI). TIPS were introduced in 1997.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/research/articles/res_invest_articles_tips_0704.htm }}</ref> TIPS are currently offered in 5-year, 10-year and 30-year maturities.<ref name="tips">{{cite web| url=http://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/products/prod_tips_glance.htm| publisher=TreasuryDirect.gov| title=Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities(TIPS)| date=7 April 2011| accessdate=2011-04-27}}</ref>
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| ===Created by the Financial Industry===
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| ====STRIPS====
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| '''Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal Securities''' (or '''[[Zero-coupon bond#Strip bonds|STRIPS]]''') are T-Notes, T-Bonds and TIPS whose interest and principal portions of the security have been separated, or "stripped"; these may then be sold separately (in units of $100 face value) in the secondary market. The name derives from the days before computerization, when paper bonds were physically traded; traders would literally tear the interest coupons off of paper securities for separate resale.
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| The government does not directly issue STRIPS; they are formed by investment banks or brokerage firms, but the government does register STRIPS in its book-entry system. They cannot be bought through TreasuryDirect, but only through a broker.
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| STRIPS are used by the Treasury and split into individual principal and interest payments, which get resold in the form of zero-coupon bonds. Because they then pay no interest, there is not any interest to re-invest, and so there is no [[reinvestment risk]] with STRIPS.
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| ==Nonmarketable securities==
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| ===Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness===
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| The "Certificate of Indebtedness" is a Treasury security that does not earn any [[interest]] and has no fixed maturity. It can only be held in a [[TreasuryDirect]] account and bought or sold directly through the Treasury. It is intended to be used as a source of funds for traditional Treasury security purchases. Purchases and redemptions can be made at any time.<ref>{{cite web | title=Regulations Governing Treasury Securities, New Treasury Direct System | publisher=Bureau of the Public Debt, Fiscal Service, Treasury, Vol. 69, No. 157| date=August 2004| url=http://www.treasurydirect.gov/lawguide/lawguide_08162004.pdf | publisher= U.S. Department of the Treasury | accessdate=2011-05-17}}</ref>
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| ===Government Account Series===
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| Government Account Series Treasurys (GAS) are the principal form of intragovernmental debt holdings.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.treasurydirect.gov/govt/reports/pd/mspd/2009/opds092009.pdf| title=Monthly Statement of the Public Debt of the United States| date=2009-09-30| accessdate=2009-11-04| publisher=treasurydirect.gov| format=PDF}}</ref> Surpluses from the [[Social Security Trust Fund]] are invested in this type of security.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}
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| ===U.S. Savings Bonds===
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| Savings bonds were created to finance [[World War I]], and were originally called [[Liberty Bonds]]. Unlike Treasury Bonds, they are not marketable. In 2002, the Treasury Department started changing the savings bond program by lowering interest rates and closing its marketing offices.<ref>{{cite news|author= Pender, Kathleen|title=Treasury takes new whack at savings bonds|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/12/04/BU0ATNHMO.DTL|date=December 3, 2007|work=The San Francisco Chronicle|publisher=Hearst|accessdate=2007-02-14}}</ref> As of January 1, 2012, financial institutions no longer sell paper savings bonds.<ref>{{cite news|author= Pender, Kathleen|title=Treasury takes new whack at savings bonds|url=http://www.savingsbonds.gov/news/pressroom/pressroom_comotcend0711.htm|date=July 13, 2011|work=Treasury Department News Release|publisher=Treasury|accessdate=2011-11-25}}</ref> The annual (calendar year) purchase limit for electronic Series EE and Series I savings bonds is $10,000 for each series. The limit is applied per Social Security Number (SSN) or Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN). For paper Series I Savings Bonds purchased through IRS tax refunds (see below), the purchase limit is $5,000 per SSN, which is in addition to the online purchase limit.<ref>{{cite news|title=Treasury Department Sets Online Savings Bond Annual Purchase Limit at $10,000 per Series|url=http://www.treasurydirect.gov/news/pressroom/pressroom_purlim0112.htm|date=4 January 2012|publisher=Treasury|accessdate=2012-01-30}}</ref>
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| ====Series EE====
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| [[File:EE Savings Bond.jpg|thumb|250px|$1,000 Series EE Savings Bond featuring [[Benjamin Franklin]]]]
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| Series EE bonds reach maturity (double in value) 20 years from issuance though they continue to earn interest for a total of 30 years. Interest accrues monthly and is paid when the holder cashes the bond. For bonds issued before May 2005 the rate of interest is recomputed every six months at 90% of the average five-year Treasury yield for the preceding six months. Bonds issued in May 2005 or later pay a fixed interest rate for the life of the bond (0.10% in November 2013).<ref name="savingsrate">[http://www.savingsbonds.gov/news/pressroom/currenteebondratespr.htm TreasuryDirect Savings Bond Rate Press Release]</ref> At 0.10%, a $100 bond would be worth about $102 just before 20 years, but will be adjusted to the maturity value of $200 at 20 years (giving it an effective rate of 3.5%) then continue to earn the fixed rate for 10 more years. In the space of a decade, interest dropped from well over 5% to 0.7% for new bonds in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Series EE/E Savings Bond Rates|url=http://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/research/indepth/ebonds/res_e_marketbonds.htm|publisher=U.S. Department of the Treasury|accessdate=2008-07-19}}</ref> Paper EE bonds were issued with a face value of twice their purchase price, so a $100 bond could be bought for $50, but would not be worth $100 until maturity.
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| ====Series I====
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| Series I bonds have a variable yield based on inflation. The interest rate consists of two components: the first is a fixed rate which will remain constant over the life of the bond. The second component is a variable rate reset every six months from the time the bond is purchased based on the current inflation rate. New rates are published on May 1 and November 1 of every year.<ref name="ibonds">{{cite web| title=I Savings Bonds Rates & Terms| date=1 November 2010| accessdate=2011-04-27| url=http://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/research/indepth/ibonds/res_ibonds_iratesandterms.htm| publisher=TreasuryDirect.gov}}</ref> The fixed rate is determined by the Treasury Department (0.20% in November 2013); the variable component is based on the [[United States Consumer Price Index|Consumer Price Index]] (CPI-U) from a six-month period ending one month prior to the reset time (0.59% in November 2013, reflecting the CPI-U from March to September, published in mid-October, for an effective annual inflation rate of 1.18%).<ref name="savingsrate"/> As an example, if someone purchases a bond in February, they will lock in the current fixed rate forever, but the inflation component will be based on the rate published the previous November. In August, six months after the purchase month, the inflation component will now change to the rate that was published in May while the fixed rate remains locked. Interest accrues monthly, in full, on the first day of the month (i.e., a Savings Bond will have the same value on July 1 as on July 31, but on August 1 its value will increase for the August interest accrual). The fixed portion of the rate has varied from as much as 3.6% to 0%. During times of deflation (during part of 2009), the negative inflation portion can wipe out the return of the fixed portion, but the combined rate cannot go below 0% and the bond will not lose value.<ref name="ibonds"/>
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| Besides being available for purchase online, tax payers may purchase I-bonds using a portion of their tax refund via IRS Form 8888 Allocation of Refund. Bonds purchased using Form 8888 are issued as paper bonds and mailed to the address listed on the tax return. Tax payers may purchase bonds for themselves or other persons such as children or grandchildren. The remainder of the tax payer's refund may be received by direct deposit or check.<ref name="irs">{{cite web| url=http://www.irs.gov/newsroom/article/0,,id=218387,00.html| title=Use Your Federal Tax Refund to Buy Savings Bonds| date=1 February 2011| publisher=irs.gov| accessdate=2011-04-27}}</ref>
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| ====Series HH====
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| Series HH bonds have been discontinued. Unlike Series EE and I bonds, they do not increase in value, but pay interest every six months for 20 years. When they are cashed in or mature they are still worth face value. Issuance of Series HH bonds ended August 31, 2004.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/products/prod_hhbonds_glance.htm| title=Individual - HH/H Savings Bonds |publisher=Treasurydirect.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-03-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Government Will Honor Discontinued HH Bonds| url=http://articles.latimes.com/2003/sep/14/business/fi-montalk14| work=Los Angeles Times| publisher=Articles.latimes.com| date= September 14, 2003| accessdate=2010-03-25}}</ref>
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| ==Holdings==
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| {{Further|United States public debt}}
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| ===Domestic===
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| For the [[quantitative easing]] policy, the Federal Reserve holdings of U.S. Treasuries increased from $750 billion in 2007 to over $1.7 trillion as of end-March 2013.<ref>[http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h41/current/h41.htm Federal Reserve Statistics Release]</ref> On September 13, 2012, in an 11-to-1 vote, the Federal Reserve announced they were also buying $45 billion in long-term Treasuries each month on top of the $40 billion a month in mortgage-backed securities. The program is called QE3 because it is the Fed's third try at [[quantitative easing]].<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/49156265/ns/business-careers/t/feds-williams-sees-expanded-qe-end/#.UGdNyZjA-rb]</ref> The result is that an enormous proportion of the US debt is actually owed from the Treasury to the Federal Reserve.
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| ===International===
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| As of November 2013,<ref name="holders">{{cite web| url=http://www.treas.gov/tic/mfh.txt|title=Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities|date=16 January 2014|publisher=treasury.gov}}</ref> the foreign holders of at least $40 billion of U.S. Treasury Securities are:
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| {|class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| !Holders
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| !$US billion
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| !Ratio to GDP<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2195.html The World Factbook – Field Listing :: GDP (official exchange rate)]</ref><ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2001.html The World Factbook – Field Listing :: GDP (purchasing power parity)] for China figures only</ref>
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| !Percent change since Nov 2012
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| |-
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| |Mainland China
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| |style="text-align: right;"|1,316.7
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| |align="right"|10.7%
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| |align="right"|+11.3%
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| |-
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| |Japan
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| |style="text-align: right;"|1,186.4
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| |align="right"|20.2%
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| |align="right"|+6.1%
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| |-
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| |Caribbean banking centers<sup>'''1'''</sup>
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| |style="text-align: right;"|290.9
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| |align="right"|n/a
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| |align="right"|+9.2%
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| |-
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| |Brazil
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| |style="text-align: right;"|246.9
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| |align="right"|11.1%
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| |align="right"|(3.5%)
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| |-
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| |Oil exporters<sup>'''2'''</sup>
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| |style="text-align: right;"|236.2
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| |align="right"|n/a
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| |align="right"|(8.8%)
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| |-
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| |Belgium
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| |style="text-align: right;"|200.6
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| |align="right"|42.0%
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| |align="right"|+44.8%
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| |-
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| |Taiwan
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| |style="text-align: right;"|183.7
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| |align="right"|39.3%
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| |align="right"|(7.7%)
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| |-
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| |Switzerland
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| |style="text-align: right;"|176.6
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| |align="right"|28.4%
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| |align="right"|(8.4%)
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| |-
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| |United Kingdom<sup>'''3'''</sup>
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| |style="text-align:right;"|161.5
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| |align="right"|6.6%
| |
| |align="right"|+21.0%
| |
| |-
| |
| |Hong Kong
| |
| |style="text-align:right;"|141.7
| |
| |align="right"|54.6%
| |
| |align="right"|+0.4%
| |
| |-
| |
| |Russia
| |
| |style="text-align:right;"|139.9
| |
| |align="right"|7.0%
| |
| |align="right"|(15.8%)
| |
| |-
| |
| |Luxembourg
| |
| |style="text-align:right;"|130.4
| |
| |align="right"|231.3%
| |
| |align="right"|(11.9%)
| |
| |-
| |
| |Ireland
| |
| |style="text-align:right;"|116.9
| |
| |align="right"|56.2%
| |
| |align="right"|+20.0%
| |
| |-
| |
| |Singapore
| |
| |style="text-align: right;"|87.2
| |
| |align="right"|32.0%
| |
| |align="right"|(8.9%)
| |
| |-
| |
| |Norway
| |
| |style="text-align: right;"|82.3
| |
| |align="right"|16.7%
| |
| |align="right"|+8.9%
| |
| |-
| |
| |Germany
| |
| |style="text-align: right;"|64.3
| |
| |align="right"|1.9%
| |
| |align="right"|(1.5%)
| |
| |-
| |
| |India
| |
| |style="text-align: right;"|63.9
| |
| |align="right"|3.5%
| |
| |align="right"|+8.7%
| |
| |-
| |
| |Mexico
| |
| |style="text-align: right;"|59.5
| |
| |align="right"|5.1%
| |
| |align="right"|(1.7%)
| |
| |-
| |
| |Canada
| |
| |style="text-align: right;"|57.0
| |
| |align="right"|3.2%
| |
| |align="right"|(4.7%)
| |
| |-
| |
| |Turkey
| |
| |style="text-align: right;"|53.4
| |
| |align="right"|6.9%
| |
| |align="right"|(4.0%)
| |
| |-
| |
| |France
| |
| |style="text-align: right;"|51.6
| |
| |align="right"|2.0%
| |
| |align="right"|(12.5%)
| |
| |-
| |
| |Thailand
| |
| |style="text-align: right;"|49.8
| |
| |align="right"|13.8%
| |
| |align="right"|(12.5%)
| |
| |-
| |
| |Korea
| |
| |style="text-align: right;"|46.4
| |
| |align="right"|4.2%
| |
| |align="right"|+3.1%
| |
| |-
| |
| |Philippines
| |
| |style="text-align: right;"|40.0
| |
| |align="right"|16.2%
| |
| |align="right"|+8.7%
| |
| |}
| |
| '''<sup>1</sup>'''Bahamas, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Netherlands Antilles, British Virgin Islands and Panama
| |
| | |
| '''<sup>2</sup>'''Ecuador, Venezuela, Indonesia, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Gabon, Libya, and Nigeria
| |
| | |
| '''<sup>3</sup>'''includes Channel Islands and Isle of Man
| |
| | |
| ==See also==
| |
| {{div col|2}}
| |
| * [[Chiasso financial smuggling case]]
| |
| * [[Consol (bond)|Consol]]
| |
| * [[Government debt]]
| |
| * [[Interest]]
| |
| * [[Risk]]
| |
| * [[Strong dollar policy]]
| |
| * [[War bond]]
| |
| * [[War savings stamps]]
| |
| {{div col end}}
| |
| | |
| ==References==
| |
| {{reflist|2}}
| |
| | |
| ==External links==
| |
| * [http://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/products/products.htm Bureau of the Public Debt: US Savings Bonds Online]
| |
| * [http://www.treas.gov/tic/mfh.txt Major Foreign Holders of U.S. Treasury Bonds]
| |
| * [http://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/research/indepth/other/res_othersecurities.htm U.S. Bureau of the Public Debt: Series A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, and K Savings Bonds and Savings Notes.]
| |
| * [http://www.kc.frb.org/Publicat/econrev/PDF/1q98Shen.pdf Features and Risks of Treasury Inflation Protection Securities]
| |
| | |
| {{Bond market}}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:United States Department of the Treasury|Securities]]
| |
| [[Category:Government finances in the United States]]
| |
| [[Category:Government bonds]]
| |
| [[Category:Notes (finance)]]
| |
| [[Category:Bills (government debt)]]
| |
| [[Category:Money market instruments]]
| |
| | |
| [[fr:Treasury Note]]
| |
| [[ja:米国債]]
| |
| [[ru:Казначейские ценные бумаги США]]
| |
| [[zh:国库券 (美国)]]
| |