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| The '''Flipped SU(5) model''' is a [[Grand unification theory|Grand Unified Theory]] (GUT) theory first contemplated by Stephen Barr in 1982,<ref>Barr SM. Phys.Lett. B 112 (1982) 219</ref> and by [[Dimitri Nanopoulos]] and others in 1984.<ref>Derendinger JP, Kim JE, and Nanopoulos DV. Phys.Lett. B 139 (1984) 170</ref><ref>Stenger, Victor J., ''Quantum Gods: Creation, Chaos and the Search for Cosmic Consciouness'', Prometheus Books (2009) ISBN 978-1-59102-713-3 p 61.</ref> Ignatios Antoniadis, [[John Ellis (physicist)|John Ellis]], [[John Hagelin]], and Nanopoulos developed the supersymmetric flipped SU(5), derived from the deeper-level superstring.<ref>Freedman DH. "The new theory of everything", ''Discover'', 1991, pp 54–61.</ref>
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| Current efforts to explain the theoretical underpinnings for observed neutrino masses are being developed in the context of supersymmetric flipped SU(5).<ref>Rizos J and Tamvakis K. Hierarchical Neutrino Masses and Mixing in Flipped-SU(5). arXiv.org > hep-ph > arXiv:0912.3997v1 (Dec. 20, 2009)</ref>
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| Flipped SU(5) is not a fully unified model, because the ''U''(1)y factor of the SM gauge group is within the ''U''(1) factor of the GUT group. The addition of states below ''M''x in this model, while solving certain threshold correction issues in [[string theory]], makes the model merely descriptive, rather than predictive.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=p8hs0QHxk_oC&pg=PA194&dq=Flipped+SU(5)&lr=&cd=22#v=onepage&q=Flipped%20SU(5)&f=false Barcow, Timothy et al, ''Electroweak symmetry breaking and new physics at the TeV scale'' World Scientific, 1996 ISBN 978-981-02-2631-2 p 194]</ref>
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| ==The Model==
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| The Flipped SU(5) model states that the [[gauge group]] is:
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| <center>[ [[Special unitary group|SU(5)]] × [[Unitary group|U(1)]]<sub>χ</sub> ]/<math>\mathbb{Z}_5</math> | |
| </center>
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| Fermions form three families, each consisting of the [[Representations of Lie groups/algebras|representations]]
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| <center>
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| <math>\bar{5}_{-3}</math> for the lepton doublet, L, and the up quarks <math>u^c</math>;</center>
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| <center><math>10_1</math> for the quark doublet,Q, the down quark, <math>d^c</math> and the right-handed neutrino, N;</center>
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| <center><math>1_5</math> for the charged leptons,<math>e^c</math>.
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| </center>
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| This assignment includes three right-handed neutrinos, which have never been observed, but are often postulated to explain the lightness of the observed neutrinos and [[neutrino oscillation]]s. There is also a [[Representations of Lie groups/algebras|<math>10_1</math>]] and/or <math>\bar{10}_{-1}</math> called the Higgs fields which acquire a [[VEV]], yielding the [[spontaneous symmetry breaking]]
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| <center> <math>[SU(5)\times U(1)_\chi]/\mathbb{Z}_5</math> to <math>[SU(3)\times SU(2)\times U(1)_Y]/\mathbb{Z}_6</math>
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| </center>
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| The SU(5) representations [[restricted representation|transform under this subgroup]] as the reducible representation as follows:
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| : <math>\bar{5}_{-3}\rightarrow (\bar{3},1)_{-\frac{2}{3}}\oplus (1,2)_{-\frac{1}{2}}</math> (u<sup>c</sup> and l)
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| : <math>10_{1}\rightarrow (3,2)_{\frac{1}{6}}\oplus (\bar{3},1)_{\frac{1}{3}}\oplus (1,1)_0</math> (q, d<sup>c</sup> and ν<sup>c</sup>)
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| : <math>1_{5}\rightarrow (1,1)_1</math> (e<sup>c</sup>)
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| :<math>24_0\rightarrow (8,1)_0\oplus (1,3)_0\oplus (1,1)_0\oplus (3,2)_{\frac{1}{6}}\oplus (\bar{3},2)_{-\frac{1}{6}}</math>.
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| ==Comparison with the standard SU(5)==
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| The name "flipped" SU(5) arose in comparison to the "standard" SU(5) model of [[Georgi-Glashow]], in which <math>u^c</math> and <math>d^c</math> quark are respectively assigned to the 10 and 5 representation. In comparison with the standard SU(5), the flipped SU(5) can accomplish the spontaneous symmetry breaking using Higgs fields of dimension 10, while the standard SU(5) requires both a 5- and 45-dimensional Higgs.
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| The [[sign convention]] for U(1)<sub>χ</sub> varies from article/book to article.
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| The hypercharge Y/2 is a linear combination (sum) of the <math>\begin{pmatrix}{1 \over 15}&0&0&0&0\\0&{1 \over 15}&0&0&0\\0&0&{1 \over 15}&0&0\\0&0&0&-{1 \over 10}&0\\0&0&0&0&-{1 \over 10}\end{pmatrix}</math> of SU(5) and χ/5. | |
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| There are also the additional fields 5<sub>-2</sub> and <math>\bar{5}_2</math> containing the [[electroweak]] [[Higgs doublet]]s.
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| Calling the [[Representations of Lie groups/algebras|representations]] for example, <math>\bar{5}_{-3}</math> and 24<sub>0</sub> is purely a physicist's convention, not a mathematician's convention, where representations are either labelled by [[Young tableau]]x or [[Dynkin diagram]]s with numbers on their vertices, and is a standard used by GUT
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| theorists.
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| Since the [[homotopy group]]
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| :<math>\pi_2\left(\frac{[SU(5)\times U(1)_\chi]/\mathbb{Z}_5}{[SU(3)\times SU(2)\times U(1)_Y]/\mathbb{Z}_6}\right)=0</math>
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| this model does not predict [[Magnetic monopole|monopoles]]. See [[Hooft-Polyakov monopole]].
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| [[Image:proton decay3.svg|left|frame|Dimension 6 proton decay mediated by the <math>X</math> boson <math>(3,2)_{\frac{1}{6}}</math> in flipped <math>SU(5)</math> GUT]]
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| ==spacetime==
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| The N=1 superspace extension of 3+1 Minkowski spacetime
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| ==spatial symmetry==
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| N=1 SUSY over 3+1 Minkowski spacetime with [[R-symmetry]]
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| ==gauge symmetry group==
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| [SU(5)× U(1)<sub>χ</sub>]/'''Z'''<sub>5</sub>
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| ==global internal symmetry==
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| '''Z'''<sub>2</sub> (matter parity) not related to U(1)<sub>R</sub> in any way for this particular model
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| ==vector superfields==
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| Those associated with the SU(5)× U(1)<sub>χ</sub> gauge symmetry
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| ==chiral superfields==
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| As complex representations:
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| {|
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| |label||description||multiplicity||SU(5)× U(1)<sub>χ</sub> rep||<math>\mathbb{Z}_2</math> rep||U(1)<sub>R</sub>
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| |-
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| |'''10'''<sub>H</sub>||GUT Higgs field||1||'''10<sub>1</sub>'''||+||0
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| |-
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| |<math>\bar{10}_H</math>||GUT Higgs field||1||<math>\overline{10}_{-1}</math>||+||0
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| |-
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| |H<sub>u</sub>||electroweak Higgs field||1||'''<math>\bar{5}_2</math>'''||+||2
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| |-
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| |H<sub>d</sub>||electroweak Higgs field||1||'''<math>5_{-2}</math>'''||+||2
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| |-
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| |'''<math>\bar{5}</math>'''||matter fields||3||'''<math>\bar{5}_{-3}</math>'''||-||0
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| |-
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| |'''10'''||matter fields||3||'''10<sub>1</sub>'''||-||0
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| |-
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| |'''1'''||left-handed positron||3||'''1<sub>5</sub>'''||-||0
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| |-
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| |φ||sterile neutrino (optional)||3||'''1<sub>0</sub>'''||-||2
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| |-
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| |S||singlet||1||'''1<sub>0</sub>'''||+||2
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| |}
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| ==Superpotential==
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| A generic invariant renormalizable superpotential is a (complex) <math>SU(5)\times U(1)_\chi\times\mathbb{Z}_2</math> invariant cubic polynomial in the superfields which has an R-charge of 2. It is a linear combination of the following terms:
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| <math>
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| \begin{matrix}
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| S&S\\
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| S 10_H \overline{10}_H&S 10_H^{\alpha\beta} \overline{10}_{H\alpha\beta}\\
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| 10_H 10_H H_d&\epsilon_{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta\epsilon}10_H^{\alpha\beta}10_H^{\gamma\delta} H_d^{\epsilon}\\
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| \overline{10}_H\overline{10}_H H_u&\epsilon^{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta\epsilon}\overline{10}_{H\alpha\beta}\overline{10}_{H\gamma\delta}H_{u\epsilon}\\
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| H_d 10 10&\epsilon_{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta\epsilon}H_d^{\alpha}10_i^{\beta\gamma}10_j^{\delta\epsilon}\\
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| H_d \bar{5} 1 &H_d^\alpha \bar{5}_{i\alpha} 1_j\\
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| H_u 10 \bar{5}&H_{u\alpha} 10_i^{\alpha\beta} \bar{5}_{j\beta}\\
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| \overline{10}_H 10 \phi&\overline{10}_{H\alpha\beta} 10_i^{\alpha\beta} \phi_j\\
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| \end{matrix}
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| </math>
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| The second column expands each term in index notation (neglecting the proper normalization coefficient). i and j are the generation indices. The coupling H<sub>d</sub> 10<sub>i</sub> 10<sub>j</sub> has coefficients which are symmetric in i and j.
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| In those models without the optional φ sterile neutrinos, we add the [[nonrenormalizable]] couplings instead.
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| <math>
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| \begin{matrix}
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| (\overline{10}_H 10)(\overline{10}_H 10)&\overline{10}_{H\alpha\beta}10^{\alpha\beta}_i \overline{10}_{H\gamma\delta} 10^{\gamma\delta}_j\\
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| \overline{10}_H 10 \overline{10}_H 10&\overline{10}_{H\alpha\beta}10^{\beta\gamma}_i\overline{10}_{H\gamma\delta}10^{\delta\alpha}_j
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| \end{matrix}
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| </math>
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| These couplings do break the R-symmetry.
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| == References ==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Flipped Su(5)}}
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| [[Category:Particle physics]]
| |
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