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| | To do that you have to do 30-45 minutes of moderate cardio (as inside, sweaty-I'm-going-to-look-good-in-that-bikini-cardio) 3-5x a week. If you get bored on the treadmill try biking, rollerblading, a dance class, or kickboxing class. The objective is to get a heart rate up for 20+ minutes.<br><br>There is the [http://safedietplans.com/bmr-calculator bmr calculator] or Weight loss calculator. BMR or Basal Metabolic Rate is the quantity of calories that you shred whilst at rest or without doing anything like sitting idly inside a seat or sleeping on a bed. However BMR Calculators can not just calculate a idle modes and adds up the active methods during the day. Additionally, they will include in summing up the gender, age and height of the person. The reason for this is because those that are older more probably have lower metabolism than those which are young. This is also true for those which are taller and have more muscle.<br><br>We are all topic to what exactly is called the basal metabolic rate. This really is the number of calories every living individual must survive. It is based on the amount of calories needed to keep the organs functioning. Even strolling to the fridge for some tempting snack or perhaps a cold one, and then back to the sofa for the upcoming TV show will be considered 'exercise' whenever computing your BMR. It is the amount of calories you will burn when you stay in bed all day long and do nothing.<br><br>If you have been sedentary for certain time today then dont run out and buy a bike now plus start riding it like crazy. For the sake of your health schedule a physical plus tell the doctor of your intended plans to get rid of weight by cycling.<br><br>Consume no less than 1000 calories on a regular basis. The optimal caloric consumption must be lower than 500 calories compared to what exactly is essential according to the bmr. There are many tools accessible online which aid you calculate a BMR.<br><br>At any given time, 25 percent of all men and 33 % of all women are on certain type of formal diet in the United States. More than 55 % gain back all of their fat and more than what they began with.1 Unfortunately, most diets are a one-size-fits-all approach. With any diet book we choose off the bookstore shelf, or any aged diets passed down by a ideal aunt, there are the same diet for everyone. Some of those are completely unsound nutritionally whilst others will be backed by superior nutrition principles. Yet, even those with wise nutrition principles don't personalize their approach to suit each person's body makeup. These are typically unluckily a one-size-fits-all dieting approach.<br><br>McArdle, William, Katch, Frank, plus Katch, Victor. (1998). Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance. Baltimore, Maryland: Williams plus Wilkins. |
| '''Galilean invariance''' or '''Galilean relativity''' states that the laws of motion are the same in all [[inertial frame]]s. [[Galileo Galilei]] first described this principle in 1632 in his ''[[Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems]]'' using [[Galileo's ship|the example of a ship]] travelling at constant velocity, without rocking, on a smooth sea; any observer doing experiments below the deck would not be able to tell whether the ship was moving or stationary. The fact that the Earth orbits around the sun at approximately 30 km/s offers a somewhat more dramatic example, though it is technically [[Frame of reference#Non-inertial frames|not an inertial reference frame]].
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| == Formulation ==
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| Specifically, the term Galilean invariance today usually refers to this principle as applied to [[Newtonian mechanics]], that is, Newton's laws hold in all inertial frames. In this context it is sometimes called '''Newtonian relativity'''.
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| Among the axioms from Newton's theory are:
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| #There exists an ''[[absolute space]]'', in which Newton's laws are true. An inertial frame is a reference frame in relative uniform motion to absolute space.
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| #All inertial frames share a ''universal time''.
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| Galilean relativity can be shown as follows. Consider two inertial frames ''S'' and ''S' ''. A physical event in ''S'' will have position coordinates ''r'' = (''x'', ''y'', ''z'') and time ''t''; similarly for ''S' ''. By the second axiom above, one can synchronize the clock in the two frames and assume ''t'' = ''t' ''. Suppose ''S' '' is in relative uniform motion to ''S'' with velocity ''v''. Consider a point object whose position is given by ''r'' = ''r''(''t'') in ''S''. We see that
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| :<math>r'(t) = r(t) - v t.\,</math>
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| The velocity of the particle is given by the time derivative of the position:
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| :<math>u'(t) = \frac{d}{d t} r'(t) = \frac{d}{d t} r(t) - v = u(t) - v.</math>
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| Another differentiation gives the acceleration in the two frames:
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| :<math>a'(t) = \frac{d}{d t} u'(t) = \frac{d}{d t} u(t) - 0 = a(t).</math>
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| It is this simple but crucial result that implies Galilean relativity. Assuming that mass is invariant in all inertial frames, the above equation shows Newton's laws of mechanics, if valid in one frame, must hold for all frames. But it is assumed to hold in absolute space, therefore Galilean relativity holds.
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| === Newton's theory versus special relativity ===
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| A comparison can be made between Newtonian relativity and [[special relativity]].
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| Some of the assumptions and properties of Newton's theory are:
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| #The existence of infinitely many inertial frames. Each frame is of infinite size (covers the entire universe). Any two frames are in relative uniform motion. (The relativistic nature of mechanics derived above shows that the absolute space assumption is not necessary.)
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| #The inertial frames move in ''all'' possible relative uniform motion.
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| #There is a universal, or absolute, time.
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| #Two inertial frames are related by a [[Galilean transformation]].
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| #In all inertial frames, Newton's laws, and gravity, hold.
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| In comparison, the corresponding statements from special relativity are same as the Newtonian assumption.
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| #Rather than allowing all relative uniform motion, the relative velocity between two inertial frames is bounded above by the speed of light.
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| #Instead of universal time, each inertial frame has its own time.
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| #The Galilean transformations are replaced by [[Lorentz transformation]]s.
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| #In all inertial frames, ''all'' laws of physics are the same.
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| Notice both theories assume the existence of inertial frames. In practice, the size of the frames in which they remain valid differ greatly, depending on gravitational tidal forces.
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| In the appropriate context, a ''local Newtonian inertial frame'', where Newton's theory remains a good model, extends to, roughly, 10<sup>7</sup> light years.
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| In special relativity, one considers ''Einstein's cabins'', cabins that fall freely in a gravitational field. According to Einstein's thought experiment, a man in such a cabin experiences (to a good approximation) no gravity and therefore the cabin is an approximate inertial frame. However, one has to assume that the size of the cabin is sufficiently small so that the gravitational field is approximately parallel in its interior. This can greatly reduce the sizes of such approximate frames, in comparison to Newtonian frames. For example, an artificial satellite orbiting around earth can be viewed as a cabin. However, reasonably sensitive instruments would detect "microgravity" in such a situation because the "lines of force" of the Earth's gravitational field converge.
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| In general, the convergence of gravitational fields in the universe dictates the scale at which one might consider such (local) inertial frames. For example, a spaceship falling into a black hole or neutron star would (at a certain distance) be subjected to tidal forces so strong that it would be crushed. In comparison, however, such forces might only be uncomfortable for the astronauts inside (compressing their joints, making it difficult to extend their limbs in any direction perpendicular to the gravity field of the star). Reducing the scale further, the forces at that distance might have almost no effects at all on a mouse. This illustrates the idea that all freely falling frames are locally inertial (acceleration and gravity-free) if the scale is chosen correctly.<ref>Taylor and Wheeler's [http://www.eftaylor.com/pub/chapter2.pdf ''Exploring Black Holes - Introduction to General Relativity, Chapter 2''], p. 2-6.</ref>
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| === Electromagnetism ===
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| [[Maxwell's equations]] governing [[electromagnetism]] possess a different [[Symmetry in physics|symmetry]], [[Lorentz invariance]], under which lengths and times ''are'' affected by a change in velocity, which is then described mathematically by a [[Lorentz transformation]].
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| [[Albert Einstein]]'s central insight in formulating [[special relativity]] was that, for full consistency with electromagnetism, mechanics must also be revised such that Lorentz invariance replaces Galilean invariance. At the low relative velocities characteristic of everyday life, Lorentz invariance and Galilean invariance are nearly the same, but for relative velocities close to [[Speed of light|that of light]] they are very different.
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| ==Work, kinetic energy, momentum==
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| Because the distance covered while applying a force to an object depends on the inertial frame of reference, so does the [[Mechanical work|work]] done. Due to [[Newton's laws of motion#Newton's third law|Newton's law of reciprocal actions]] there is a reaction force; it does work depending on the inertial frame of reference in an opposite way. The total work done is independent of the inertial frame of reference.
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| Correspondingly the [[kinetic energy]] of an object, and even the change in this energy due to a change in velocity, depends on the inertial frame of reference. The total kinetic energy of an [[isolated system]] also depends on the inertial frame of reference: it is the sum of the total kinetic energy in a [[center of momentum frame]] and the kinetic energy the total mass would have if it were concentrated in the [[center of mass]]. Due to the [[conservation of momentum]] the latter does not change with time, so changes with time of the total kinetic energy do not depend on the inertial frame of reference.
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| By contrast, while the [[momentum]] of an object also depends on the inertial frame of reference, its change due to a change in velocity does not.
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| ==See also==
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| *[[Absolute time and space]]
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| *[[Superluminal motion]]
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| ==Notes==
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| <references/>
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| ==References==
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| {{Relativity}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Galilean Invariance}}
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| [[Category:Classical mechanics]]
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| [[Category:Galileo Galilei|Invariance]]
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To do that you have to do 30-45 minutes of moderate cardio (as inside, sweaty-I'm-going-to-look-good-in-that-bikini-cardio) 3-5x a week. If you get bored on the treadmill try biking, rollerblading, a dance class, or kickboxing class. The objective is to get a heart rate up for 20+ minutes.
There is the bmr calculator or Weight loss calculator. BMR or Basal Metabolic Rate is the quantity of calories that you shred whilst at rest or without doing anything like sitting idly inside a seat or sleeping on a bed. However BMR Calculators can not just calculate a idle modes and adds up the active methods during the day. Additionally, they will include in summing up the gender, age and height of the person. The reason for this is because those that are older more probably have lower metabolism than those which are young. This is also true for those which are taller and have more muscle.
We are all topic to what exactly is called the basal metabolic rate. This really is the number of calories every living individual must survive. It is based on the amount of calories needed to keep the organs functioning. Even strolling to the fridge for some tempting snack or perhaps a cold one, and then back to the sofa for the upcoming TV show will be considered 'exercise' whenever computing your BMR. It is the amount of calories you will burn when you stay in bed all day long and do nothing.
If you have been sedentary for certain time today then dont run out and buy a bike now plus start riding it like crazy. For the sake of your health schedule a physical plus tell the doctor of your intended plans to get rid of weight by cycling.
Consume no less than 1000 calories on a regular basis. The optimal caloric consumption must be lower than 500 calories compared to what exactly is essential according to the bmr. There are many tools accessible online which aid you calculate a BMR.
At any given time, 25 percent of all men and 33 % of all women are on certain type of formal diet in the United States. More than 55 % gain back all of their fat and more than what they began with.1 Unfortunately, most diets are a one-size-fits-all approach. With any diet book we choose off the bookstore shelf, or any aged diets passed down by a ideal aunt, there are the same diet for everyone. Some of those are completely unsound nutritionally whilst others will be backed by superior nutrition principles. Yet, even those with wise nutrition principles don't personalize their approach to suit each person's body makeup. These are typically unluckily a one-size-fits-all dieting approach.
McArdle, William, Katch, Frank, plus Katch, Victor. (1998). Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance. Baltimore, Maryland: Williams plus Wilkins.