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| The '''hartree''' (symbol: '''''E<sub>''h</sub>''' or '''Ha'''), also known as the '''Hartree energy''', is the [[atomic unit]] of [[energy]], named after the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[physicist]] [[Douglas Hartree]]. It is defined as
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| 2''R''<sub>∞</sub>''hc'', where ''R''<sub>∞</sub> is the [[Rydberg constant]], ''h'' is the [[Planck constant]] and ''c'' is the [[speed of light]].
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| The 2010 [[CODATA]] recommended value is ''E''<sub>h</sub> = {{nowrap|4.359 744 34(19){{e|−18}} J}}= {{nowrap|27.211 385 05(60) eV}}.<ref>[http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?hr CODATA2010]</ref> The 2006 [[CODATA]] recommended value was ''E''<sub>h</sub> = {{nowrap|4.359 743 94 (22){{e|−18}} J}} = {{nowrap|27.211 383 86(68) eV}}.
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| The hartree energy is approximately the [[electric potential energy]] of the [[hydrogen]] [[atom]] in its [[ground state]] and, by the [[virial theorem]], approximately twice its [[ionization energy]]; the relationships are not exact because of the finite [[mass]] of the [[Atomic nucleus|nucleus]] of the hydrogen atom and [[Quantum_electrodynamics|relativistic corrections]].
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| The hartree is usually used as a unit of energy in [[atomic physics]] and [[computational chemistry]]: for experimental measurements at the atomic scale, the [[electronvolt]] (eV) or the [[reciprocal centimetre]] (cm<sup>−1</sup>) are much more widely used.
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| ==Other relationships==
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| :<math>E_\mathrm{h} = {\hbar^2 \over {m_\mathrm{e} a^2_0}} = m_\mathrm{e}\left(\frac{e^2}{4\pi\epsilon_0\hbar}\right)^2 = m_\mathrm{e}c^2\alpha^2 = {\hbar c \alpha \over {a_0}} </math>
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| ::= 2 [[Rydberg constant|Ry]]
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| ::≜ 4.359 743 94 (22){{e|−18}} J
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| ::≜ 27.211 383 86 (68) eV
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| ::≜ 2625.499 62 kJ/[[Mole_(unit)|mol]]
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| ::≜ 627.509 469 [[kilocalorie per mole|kcal/mol]] | |
| ::≜ 219 474.631 3705(15) cm<sup>−1</sup>
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| ::≜ 6 579.683 920 729(33) THz
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| ::≜ 3.15774646x10<sup>5</sup> Kelvin
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| where:
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| :''ħ'' is the [[reduced Planck constant]],
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| :''m''<sub>e</sub> is the [[electron]] [[rest mass]],
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| :''e'' is the [[elementary charge]],
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| :''a''<sub>0</sub> is the [[Bohr radius]],
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| :''ε''<sub>0</sub> is the [[electric constant]],
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| :''c'' is the [[speed of light]] in vacuum, and
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| :''α'' is the [[fine structure constant]].
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| ==References== | |
| {{reflist}}
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| [[Category:Units of energy]]
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| [[Category:Physical constants]]
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Model można tatuaż rzeszów wybierać z naszych zbiorów (ponad 6000wzorow), przywieść osobisty, lub realizować swoj plan z pomocą team praktykującej tatuaże. Istnieje szansę skonstruowania dziwnego wzoru. Sporządzamy tatuaże w całkowitej palecie kolorystycznej i przypadkowej siły.
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