Debt ratio: Difference between revisions
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'''Cleavable detergents''', also known as '''cleavable surfactants''', are special [[surfactant]]s (detergents) that are used in [[biochemistry]] and especially in [[proteomics]] to enhance [[protein]] [[denaturation (biochemistry)|denaturation]] and solubility. The detergent is rendered inactive by cleavage, usually under [[acid]]ic conditions, in order to make the sample compatible with a following procedure or in order to selectively remove the cleavage products. | |||
Applications for cleavable detergents include [[protease]] [[digestion]] of [[protein]]s such as [[in-gel digestion]] with [[trypsin]] after [[SDS PAGE]] and [[peptide]] extractions from [[electrophoresis]] gels. Cleavable detergents are mainly used in sample preparations for [[mass spectrometry]]. | |||
==PPS== | |||
'''PPS''', available as '''PPS Silent Surfactant''' from [[Expedeon, Inc.]], is the abbreviation for sodium 3-(4-(1,1-bis(hexyloxy)ethyl)pyridinium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate. This [[acetal]]ic detergent is split under acidic conditions into [[hexanol]] and the [[zwitterion]]ic [[3-acetyl-1-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium]]. | |||
==ProteaseMAX== | |||
'''ProteaseMAX''' is the brandname of [[Promega]] for sodium 3-((1-(furan-2-yl)undecyloxy)carbonylamino)propane-1-sulfonate. This cleavable detergent is sensitive to heat and [[acid]] and is degraded during a typical trypsin digestion into the uncharged [[lipophilic]] compound [[1-(furan-2-yl)undecan-1-ol]] and the [[zwitterion]]ic [[3-aminopropane-1-sulfonic acid]] (homotaurine), which can be removed by C18 [[solid phase extraction]] during sample work-up. | |||
[[Image:Proteasmax chemical structure.png|300px|ProteaseMAX cleavable detergent]] <math>\longrightarrow</math> [[Image:1-(furan-2-yl)undecan-1-ol.png|180px]] <math>+</math> [[Image:Aminopropanesulfonic acid zwitterionic.png|120px|Aminopropanesulfonic acid]] | |||
==RapiGest SF== | |||
'''RapiGest SF''', the brand-name for sodium 3-[(2-methyl-2-undecyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy]-1-propanesulfonate, is an acid-cleavable anionic detergent marketed by [[Waters Corporation]]. | |||
==Others== | |||
[[MALDI matrix]] compounds such as [[alpha-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid|α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid]] have been linked through a linker consisting of an unsymmetric [[formaldehyde]] [[acetal]]s to [[dodecanol]]. This type of cleavable detergent is inherently compatible with [[MALDI]] and does not have to be removed prior to analysis: | |||
[[Image:CHCA cleavable detergent.png|280px|Functionalized matrix detergent]] | |||
[[UV light]]- or [[fluoride]]-cleavable surfactants have also been developed but are not in current use. | |||
== External links == | |||
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}} | |||
== References == | |||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Sulfonic acids]] | |||
[[Category:Surfactants]] | |||
[[Category:Biochemistry]] | |||
[[Category:Proteomics]] |
Revision as of 21:58, 3 December 2013
Cleavable detergents, also known as cleavable surfactants, are special surfactants (detergents) that are used in biochemistry and especially in proteomics to enhance protein denaturation and solubility. The detergent is rendered inactive by cleavage, usually under acidic conditions, in order to make the sample compatible with a following procedure or in order to selectively remove the cleavage products.
Applications for cleavable detergents include protease digestion of proteins such as in-gel digestion with trypsin after SDS PAGE and peptide extractions from electrophoresis gels. Cleavable detergents are mainly used in sample preparations for mass spectrometry.
PPS
PPS, available as PPS Silent Surfactant from Expedeon, Inc., is the abbreviation for sodium 3-(4-(1,1-bis(hexyloxy)ethyl)pyridinium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate. This acetalic detergent is split under acidic conditions into hexanol and the zwitterionic 3-acetyl-1-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium.
ProteaseMAX
ProteaseMAX is the brandname of Promega for sodium 3-((1-(furan-2-yl)undecyloxy)carbonylamino)propane-1-sulfonate. This cleavable detergent is sensitive to heat and acid and is degraded during a typical trypsin digestion into the uncharged lipophilic compound 1-(furan-2-yl)undecan-1-ol and the zwitterionic 3-aminopropane-1-sulfonic acid (homotaurine), which can be removed by C18 solid phase extraction during sample work-up.
RapiGest SF
RapiGest SF, the brand-name for sodium 3-[(2-methyl-2-undecyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy]-1-propanesulfonate, is an acid-cleavable anionic detergent marketed by Waters Corporation.
Others
MALDI matrix compounds such as α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid have been linked through a linker consisting of an unsymmetric formaldehyde acetals to dodecanol. This type of cleavable detergent is inherently compatible with MALDI and does not have to be removed prior to analysis:
UV light- or fluoride-cleavable surfactants have also been developed but are not in current use.