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| {{Expert-subject|Physics|date=November 2008}}
| | What is the best exterior hemorrhoid treatment? Well, this might be not an effortless query since different people have different conditions. However, inside this particular article, you'll learn several methods to aid healing your hemorrhoid.<br><br>If you have been seeing blood on your toilet paper, you are probably inside the late stages of the ailment and need a truly efficient [http://hemorrhoidtreatmentfix.com/hemorrhoid-surgery hemorrhoids surgery].<br><br>Start by taking some procedures which will stop the hemorrhoids from worsening. This includes using soaps which are dye and perfume free. Rubbing the anal region can create things worse. Instead, employ moistened toilet paper plus blot the area following utilizing the bathroom. After we shower, pat dry gently with a soft towel.<br><br>Until recent years, most individuals unfortunate enough to be suffering the pain, swelling, itching plus bleeding of their hemorrhoid symptoms were left without hope of ever being healed. They had no choice however to employ the same aged hemorrhoids cream, hemorrhoid ointment, gels and even suppositories. Many individuals turned to painful operation that wasn't even a permanent aid.<br><br>Witch Hazel when chosen because an component inside hemorrhoid treatments has an almost magical impact. If you empty a little bottle of Witch Hazel into a bathroom tissue box, the tissue can absorb it. This makes a truly soothing substitute for coarser toilet tissue and is remarkable for gentle cleansing of this delicate area and reducing pain plus itching.<br><br>So, as it turns available are a great deal of choices. I can't remember all of the fancy names, yet I remember rubber bands, lasers, and surgery with REAL scalpels being mentioned. Yes, the whole range from medieval torture instruments to Star Wars weapons. And they wanted to use THOSE aspects - in THAT area!<br><br>The folks composing reviews from personal experience give treatments like Venapro, Hem Relief plus Avatrol low success ratings. The system plus goods which receive the highest ratings is 1 called H miracle by Holly Hayden. It seems to be a whole system that you signal up on line for. After you pay your cash you receive all of the information about what products and lifestyle changes function on a computer. It has consistently advantageous customer reports plus a 60 day cash back guarantee. Folks are composing about results in 2 to 10 days and a 90% cure rate. It utilizes natural and minimally invasive goods and treatments thus it is actually worth striving. |
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| [[Image:watervapor cup.jpg|thumb|right|[[Aerosol]] of microscopic water droplets suspended in the air above a hot tea cup after that water vapor has sufficiently cooled and condensed. [[Gaseous water|Water vapor]] is an invisible [[gas]], but the [[cloud]]s of condensed water droplets refract and disperse the sun light and so are visible.]]
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| '''Evaporation''' is a type of [[vaporization]] of a [[liquid]] that occurs from the [[Interface (chemistry)|surface]] of a liquid into a gaseous phase that is not saturated with the evaporating substance. The other type of vaporization is [[boiling]], which is characterized by bubbles of saturated vapor forming in the liquid phase. Steam produced in a boiler is another example of evaporation occurring in a saturated vapor phase. Evaporation that occurs directly from the solid phase below the melting point, as commonly observed with ice at or below freezing or moth crystals (napthalene or paradichlorobenzine), is called [[sublimation (phase transition)|sublimation]].
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| On average, a fraction of the molecules in a glass of water have enough heat energy to escape from the liquid. Water molecules from the air enter the water in the glass, but as long as the relative humidity of the air in contact is less than 100% (saturation), the net transfer of water molecules will be to the air. The water in the glass will be cooled by the evaporation until an equilibrium is reached where the air supplies the amount of heat removed by the evaporating water. In an enclosed environment the water would evaporate until the air is saturated.
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| With sufficient temperature, the liquid would turn into vapor quickly (see [[boiling point]]). When the molecules collide, they transfer energy to each other in varying degrees, based on how they collide. Sometimes the transfer is so one-sided for a molecule near the surface that it ends up with enough energy to 'escape'.
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| Evaporation is an essential part of the [[water cycle]]. The sun (solar energy) drives evaporation of water from [[ocean]]s, [[lake]]s, [[soil moisture|moisture]] in the soil, and other sources of water. In [[hydrology]], evaporation and [[transpiration]] (which involves evaporation within [[plant]] [[stomata]]) are collectively termed [[evapotranspiration]]. Evaporation of water occurs when the surface of the liquid is exposed, allowing molecules to escape and form water vapor; this vapor can then rise up and form clouds.
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| == Theory ==
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| {{See also|Kinetic theory}}
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| For [[molecule]]s of a liquid to evaporate, they must be located near the surface, be moving in the proper direction, and have sufficient [[kinetic energy]] to overcome liquid-phase intermolecular forces.<ref name="Silberberg">{{cite book |first=Martin A. |last=Silberberg |title=Chemistry |edition=4th edition |pages=431–434 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |year=2006 |isbn=0-07-296439-1}}</ref> When only a small proportion of the molecules meet these criteria, the rate of evaporation is low. Since the kinetic energy of a molecule is proportional to its temperature, evaporation proceeds more quickly at higher temperatures. As the faster-moving molecules escape, the remaining molecules have lower average kinetic energy, and the temperature of the liquid decreases. This phenomenon is also called [[evaporative cooling]]. This is why evaporating [[sweat]] cools the human body.
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| Evaporation also tends to proceed more quickly with higher flow rates between the gaseous and liquid phase and in liquids with higher [[vapor pressure]]. For example, laundry on a clothes line will dry (by evaporation) more rapidly on a windy day than on a still day. Three key parts to evaporation are heat, [[atmospheric pressure]] (determines the percent humidity) and air movement.
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| On a molecular level, there is no strict boundary between the liquid state and the vapor state. Instead, there is a [[Knudsen layer]], where the phase is undetermined. Because this layer is only a few molecules thick, at a macroscopic scale a clear phase transition interface can be seen.
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| Liquids that do not evaporate visibly at a given temperature in a given gas (e.g., cooking oil at room [[temperature]]) have molecules that do not tend to transfer energy to each other in a pattern sufficient to frequently give a molecule the heat energy necessary to turn into vapor. However, these liquids ''are'' evaporating. It is just that the process is much slower and thus significantly less visible.
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| === Evaporative equilibrium ===
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| [[Image:Water vapor pressure graph.jpg|thumb|240px|right|Vapor pressure of water vs. temperature. 760 [[Torr]] = 1 [[Atmosphere (unit)|atm]].]]
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| If evaporation takes place in enclosed area, the escaping molecules accumulate as a [[vapor]] above the liquid. Many of the [[molecules]] return to the liquid, with returning molecules becoming more frequent as the [[density]] and [[pressure]] of the vapor increases. When the process of escape and return reaches an [[Thermodynamic equilibrium|equilibrium]],<ref name="Silberberg" /> the vapor is said to be "saturated," and no further change in either [[vapor pressure]] and density or liquid temperature will occur. For a system consisting of vapor and liquid of a pure substance, this equilibrium state is directly related to the vapor pressure of the substance, as given by the [[Clausius-Clapeyron relation]]:
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| : <math>\ln \left( \frac{ P_2 }{ P_1 } \right) = - \frac{ \Delta H_{ vap } }{ R } \left( \frac{ 1 }{ T_2 } - \frac{ 1 }{ T_1 } \right)</math>
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| <!-- ## Original Equation ## ## DO NOT DELETE UNLESS THE ABOVE EQUATION IS VERIFIED TO BE CORRECT ## [[Natural logarithm|ln]] P<sub>2</sub>/P<sub>1</sub> = −[[standard enthalpy change of vaporization|ΔH<sub>vap</sub>]]/[[Universal gas constant|R]]((1/T<sub>2</sub>)-(1/T<sub>1</sub>)) -->
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| where ''P''<sub>1</sub>, ''P''<sub>2</sub> are the vapor pressures at temperatures ''T''<sub>1</sub>, ''T''<sub>2</sub> respectively, Δ''H''<sub>vap</sub> is the [[enthalpy of vaporization]], and ''R'' is the [[universal gas constant]]. The rate of evaporation in an open system is related to the vapor pressure found in a closed system. If a liquid is heated, when the vapor pressure reaches the ambient pressure the liquid will [[boiling|boil]].
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| The ability for a molecule of a liquid to evaporate is based largely on the amount of [[kinetic energy]] an individual particle may possess. Even at lower temperatures, individual molecules of a liquid can evaporate if they have more than the minimum amount of kinetic energy required for vaporization.
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| == Factors influencing the rate of evaporation ==
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| Note: Air used here is a common example; however, the vapor phase can be other gasses.
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| ;[[Concentration]] of the substance evaporating in the air: If the air already has a high concentration of the substance evaporating, then the given substance will evaporate more slowly.
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| ;Concentration of other substances in the air: If the air is already saturated with other substances, it can have a lower capacity for the substance evaporating{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}.
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| ;Flow rate of air: This is in part related to the concentration points above. If fresh air is moving over the substance all the time, then the concentration of the substance in the air is less likely to go up with time, thus encouraging faster evaporation. This is the result of the [[boundary layer]] at the evaporation surface decreasing with flow velocity, decreasing the diffusion distance in the stagnant layer.
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| ;Inter-molecular forces: The stronger the forces keeping the molecules together in the liquid state, the more energy one must get to escape. This is characterized by the [[enthalpy of vaporization]].
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| ;[[Pressure]]: Evaporation happens faster if there is less exertion on the surface keeping the molecules from launching themselves.
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| ;[[Surface area]]: A substance that has a larger surface area will evaporate faster, as there are more surface molecules that are able to escape.
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| ;[[Temperature]] of the substance: If the substance is hotter, then its molecules have a higher average kinetic energy, and evaporation will be faster.
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| ;[[Density]]: The higher the density the slower a liquid evaporates.
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| In the US, the National Weather Service measures the actual rate of evaporation from a standardized "pan" open water surface outdoors, at various locations nationwide. Others do likewise around the world. The US data is collected and compiled into an annual evaporation map.<ref>[http://www.grow.arizona.edu/Grow--GrowResources.php?ResourceId=208 Geotechnical, Rock and Water Resources Library – Grow Resource – Evaporation]. grow.arizona.edu</ref> The measurements range from under 30 to over {{convert|120|in|mm}} per year.
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| ==Endothermicity==
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| Evaporation is an [[endothermic]] process, in that heat is absorbed during evaporation.
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| == Applications ==
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| *Industrial applications include many [[printing]] and [[coating]] processes; recovering salts from solutions; and drying a variety of materials such as lumber, paper, cloth and chemicals.
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| * When [[clothes]] are hung on a laundry line, even though the ambient temperature is below the boiling point of water, water evaporates. This is accelerated by factors such as low [[humidity]], [[heat]] (from the sun), and [[wind]]. In a [[clothes dryer]], hot air is blown through the clothes, allowing water to evaporate very rapidly.
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| * The [[Matki (earthen pot)|Matki/Matka]], a traditional Indian porous clay container used for storing and cooling water and other liquids.
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| * The [[botijo]], a traditional Spanish porous clay container designed to cool the contained water by evaporation.
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| * [[Evaporative cooler]]s, which can significantly cool a building by simply blowing dry air over a filter saturated with water.
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| === Combustion vaporization ===
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| Fuel [[droplet]]s vaporize as they receive heat by mixing with the hot gases in the combustion chamber. Heat (energy) can also be received by radiation from any hot refractory wall of the combustion chamber.
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| === Pre-combustion vaporization ===
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| The catalytic cracking of long hydro-carbon chains into the shortest molecular chains possible, vastly improves gasoline mileage and provides reduced pollutant emissions once the fuel vapor is at its optimum ratio with air.
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| The chemically correct air/fuel mixture for total burning of gasoline has been determined to be 15 parts air to one part gasoline or 15/1 by weight. Changing this to a volume ratio yields 8000 parts air to one part gasoline or 8,000/1 by volume.
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| === Film deposition ===
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| {{Main|Evaporation (deposition)}}
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| [[Thin film]]s may be [[Thin-film deposition|deposited]] by evaporating a substance and condensing it onto a substrate, or by dissolving the substance in a solvent, spreading the resulting solution thinly over a substrate, and evaporating the solvent.
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| == See also ==
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| {{Wiktionary|evaporation}}
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| * [[Atmometer]] (evaporation)
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| * [[Condensation]]
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| * [[Cryophorus]]
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| * [[Crystallisation]]
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| * [[Desalination]]
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| * [[Distillation]]
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| * [[Drying]]
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| * [[Eddy covariance]] flux (aka eddy correlation, eddy flux)
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| * [[Evaporator]]
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| * [[Evapotranspiration]]
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| * [[Flash evaporation]]
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| * [[Heat of vaporization]]
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| * [[Hydrology (agriculture)]]
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| * [[Latent heat]]
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| * [[Latent heat flux]]
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| * [[Pan evaporation]]
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| * [[Sublimation (phase transition)]] (phase transfer from solid directly to gas)
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| * [[Transpiration]]
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| == References ==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| ==Further reading==
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| {{Refbegin}}
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| * {{cite book |title=Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology |first=Simon Min |last=Sze |isbn=0-471-33372-7}} Has an especially detailed discussion of film deposition by evaporation.
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| {{Refend}}
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| [[Category:Atmospheric thermodynamics]]
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| [[Category:Basic meteorological concepts and phenomena]]
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| [[Category:Materials science]]
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| [[Category:Phase transitions]]
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| [[Category:Thin film deposition]]
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What is the best exterior hemorrhoid treatment? Well, this might be not an effortless query since different people have different conditions. However, inside this particular article, you'll learn several methods to aid healing your hemorrhoid.
If you have been seeing blood on your toilet paper, you are probably inside the late stages of the ailment and need a truly efficient hemorrhoids surgery.
Start by taking some procedures which will stop the hemorrhoids from worsening. This includes using soaps which are dye and perfume free. Rubbing the anal region can create things worse. Instead, employ moistened toilet paper plus blot the area following utilizing the bathroom. After we shower, pat dry gently with a soft towel.
Until recent years, most individuals unfortunate enough to be suffering the pain, swelling, itching plus bleeding of their hemorrhoid symptoms were left without hope of ever being healed. They had no choice however to employ the same aged hemorrhoids cream, hemorrhoid ointment, gels and even suppositories. Many individuals turned to painful operation that wasn't even a permanent aid.
Witch Hazel when chosen because an component inside hemorrhoid treatments has an almost magical impact. If you empty a little bottle of Witch Hazel into a bathroom tissue box, the tissue can absorb it. This makes a truly soothing substitute for coarser toilet tissue and is remarkable for gentle cleansing of this delicate area and reducing pain plus itching.
So, as it turns available are a great deal of choices. I can't remember all of the fancy names, yet I remember rubber bands, lasers, and surgery with REAL scalpels being mentioned. Yes, the whole range from medieval torture instruments to Star Wars weapons. And they wanted to use THOSE aspects - in THAT area!
The folks composing reviews from personal experience give treatments like Venapro, Hem Relief plus Avatrol low success ratings. The system plus goods which receive the highest ratings is 1 called H miracle by Holly Hayden. It seems to be a whole system that you signal up on line for. After you pay your cash you receive all of the information about what products and lifestyle changes function on a computer. It has consistently advantageous customer reports plus a 60 day cash back guarantee. Folks are composing about results in 2 to 10 days and a 90% cure rate. It utilizes natural and minimally invasive goods and treatments thus it is actually worth striving.