Laser beam profiler: Difference between revisions

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Template:Multiple issues Geary's C is a measure of spatial autocorrelation. Like temporal autocorrelation, spatial autocorrelation means that adjacent observations of the same phenomenon are correlated. However, temporal autocorrelation is about proximity in time, while spatial autocorrelation is about proximity in (multi-dimensional) space. Spatial autocorrelation is more complex than autocorrelation because the correlation is multi-dimensional and bi-directional.

Geary's C is defined as

C={\frac {(N-1)\sum _{i}\sum _{j}w_{ij}(X_{i}-X_{j})^{2}}{2W\sum _{i}(X_{i}-{\bar {X}})^{2}}}

where $N$ is the number of spatial units indexed by $i$ and $j$ ; $X$ is the variable of interest; ${\bar {X}}$ is the mean of $X$ ; $w_{ij}$ is a matrix of spatial weights; and $W$ is the sum of all $w_{ij}$ .

The value of Geary's C lies between 0 and 2. 1 means no spatial autocorrelation. Values lower than 1 demonstrate increasing positive spatial autocorrelation, whilst values higher than 1 illustrate increasing negative spatial autocorrelation.

Geary's C is inversely related to Moran's I, but it is not identical. Moran's I is a measure of global spatial autocorrelation, while Geary's C is more sensitive to local spatial autocorrelation.

Geary's C is also known as Geary's contiguity ratio, Geary's ratio, or the Geary index.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park.

This statistic was developed by Roy C. Geary.^[1]

Sources

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

Template:Stats-stub

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Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang

[1]

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+{{DISPLAYTITLE:Geary's ''C''}}
+{{multiple issues|primarysources = March 2013|refimprove = March 2013|original research = March 2013}}
+'''Geary's ''C''''' is a measure of spatial autocorrelation. Like temporal [[autocorrelation]], spatial autocorrelation means that adjacent observations of the same phenomenon are correlated. However, temporal [[autocorrelation]] is about proximity in time, while spatial autocorrelation is about proximity in (multi-dimensional) space. Spatial autocorrelation is more complex than [[autocorrelation]] because the correlation is multi-dimensional and bi-directional.
+Geary's ''C'' is defined as
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+:<math> C = \frac{(N-1) \sum_{i} \sum_{j} w_{ij} (X_i-X_j)^2}{2W \sum_{i}(X_i-\bar X)^2} </math>
+where <math>N</math> is the number of spatial units indexed by <math>i</math> and <math>j</math>; <math>X</math> is the variable of interest; <math>\bar X</math> is the mean of <math>X</math>; <math>w_{ij}</math> is a matrix of spatial weights; and <math>W</math> is the sum of all <math>w_{ij}</math>.
+The value of Geary's ''C'' lies between 0 and 2. 1 means no spatial autocorrelation. Values lower than 1 demonstrate increasing positive spatial autocorrelation, whilst values higher than 1 illustrate increasing negative spatial autocorrelation.
+Geary's ''C'' is inversely related to [[Moran's I|Moran's ''I'']], but it is not identical. Moran's ''I'' is a measure of global spatial autocorrelation, while Geary's ''C'' is more sensitive to local spatial autocorrelation.
+Geary's ''C'' is also known as Geary's contiguity ratio, Geary's ratio, or the Geary index.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
+This statistic was developed by [[Roy C. Geary]].<ref>{{Cite journal
+ | doi = 10.2307/2986645
+ | author = [[Roy C. Geary|Geary, R. C.]]
+ | year = 1954
+ | title = The Contiguity Ratio and Statistical Mapping
+ | publisher = [[The Incorporated Statistician]]
+ | volume = 5
+ | pages = 115&ndash;145
+ | jstor = 2986645
+ | journal = The Incorporated Statistician
+ | issue = 3
+}}</ref>
+==Sources==
+{{reflist}}
+[[Category:Spatial data analysis]]
+[[Category:Covariance and correlation]]
+{{stats-stub}}

Laser beam profiler: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:26, 26 November 2013

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