Skew-Hamiltonian matrix: Difference between revisions
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In [[probability theory]] and [[statistics]], a '''conditional variance''' is the [[variance]] of a [[conditional probability distribution]]. Particularly in [[econometrics]], the conditional variance is also known as the ''[[scedastic function]]'' or ''skedastic function''. Conditional variances are important parts of [[autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity]] (ARCH) models. | |||
==Definition== | |||
The conditional variance of a [[random variable]] ''Y'' given that the value of a random variable ''X'' takes the value ''x'' is | |||
:<math>\operatorname{Var}(Y|X=x) = \operatorname{E}((Y - \operatorname{E}(Y\mid X=x))^{2}\mid X=x),</math> | |||
where E is the [[expectation operator]] with respect to the [[conditional distribution]] of ''Y'' given that the ''X'' takes the value ''x''. An alternative notation for this is :<math>\operatorname{Var}_{Y\mid X}(Y|x).</math> | |||
The above may be stated in the alternative form that, based on the [[conditional distribution]] of ''Y'' given that the ''X'' takes the value ''x'', the conditional variance is the [[variance]] of this [[probability distribution]]. | |||
==Components of variance== | |||
The [[law of total variance]] says | |||
:<math>\operatorname{Var}(Y) = \operatorname{E}(\operatorname{Var}(Y\mid X))+\operatorname{Var}(\operatorname{E}(Y\mid X)),</math> | |||
where, for example, <math>\operatorname{Var}(Y|X)</math> is understood to mean that the value ''x'' at which the conditional variance would be evaluated is allowed to be a [[random variable]], ''X''. In this "law", the inner expectation or variance is taken with respect to ''Y'' conditional on ''X'', while the outer expectation or variance is taken with respect to ''X''. This expression represents the overall variance of ''Y'' as the sum of two components, involving a prediction of ''Y'' based on ''X''. Specifically, let the predictor be the least-mean-squares prediction based on ''X'', which is the [[conditional expectation]] of ''Y'' given ''X''. Then the two components are: | |||
:*the average of the variance of ''Y'' about the prediction based on ''X'', as ''X'' varies; | |||
:*the variance of the prediction based on ''X'', as ''X'' varies. | |||
[[Category:Statistical deviation and dispersion]] | |||
[[Category:Statistical terminology]] | |||
[[Category:Theory of probability distributions]] | |||
{{statistics-stub}} | |||
{{probability-stub}} | |||
Revision as of 02:37, 17 March 2013
In probability theory and statistics, a conditional variance is the variance of a conditional probability distribution. Particularly in econometrics, the conditional variance is also known as the scedastic function or skedastic function. Conditional variances are important parts of autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) models.
Definition
The conditional variance of a random variable Y given that the value of a random variable X takes the value x is
where E is the expectation operator with respect to the conditional distribution of Y given that the X takes the value x. An alternative notation for this is :
The above may be stated in the alternative form that, based on the conditional distribution of Y given that the X takes the value x, the conditional variance is the variance of this probability distribution.
Components of variance
The law of total variance says
where, for example, is understood to mean that the value x at which the conditional variance would be evaluated is allowed to be a random variable, X. In this "law", the inner expectation or variance is taken with respect to Y conditional on X, while the outer expectation or variance is taken with respect to X. This expression represents the overall variance of Y as the sum of two components, involving a prediction of Y based on X. Specifically, let the predictor be the least-mean-squares prediction based on X, which is the conditional expectation of Y given X. Then the two components are:
- the average of the variance of Y about the prediction based on X, as X varies;
- the variance of the prediction based on X, as X varies.
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