Helly's theorem: Difference between revisions

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{{redirect|Cayley tree|finite trees with equal-length root-to-leaf paths|ordered Bell number}}
== not inevitably contact with the dark side of society ==
[[Image:Bethe_lattice.PNG|thumb|225px|right|A Bethe lattice with coordination number ''z = 3]]
A '''Bethe lattice''' or '''Cayley tree''' (though the two are not completely equivalent, see below), introduced by [[Hans Bethe]] in 1935, is an infinite [[tree (graph theory)|connected cycle-free graph]] where each node is connected to ''z'' neighbours, where ''z'' is called the [[coordination number]]. It can be seen as a tree-like structure emanating from a central node, with all the nodes arranged in shells around the central one. The central node may be called the root or origin of the lattice. The number of nodes in the ''k''th shell is given by


:<math>\, N_k=z(z-1)^{k-1}\text{ for }k > 0. </math>
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In some situations the definition is modified to specify that the root node has ''z''&nbsp;&minus;&nbsp;1 neighbours.
== over sin calm authentic ==


Due to its distinctive topological structure, the [[statistical mechanics]] of [[lattice model (physics)|lattice models]] on this graph are often exactly solvable. The solutions are related to the often used [[Bethe approximation]] for these systems.
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== Relation to Cayley graphs ==
== but also a sentence sorry ah ==
{{see|Cayley graph}}


The Bethe lattice where each node is joined to 2''n'' others is essentially the [[Cayley graph]] of a [[free group]] on ''n'' generators.
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A presentation of a group ''G'' by ''n'' generators corresponds to a [[surjective]] map from the free group on ''n'' generators to the group ''G,'' and at the level of Cayley graphs to a map from the Cayley tree to the Cayley graph. This can also be interpreted (in [[algebraic topology]]) as the [[universal cover]] of the Cayley graph, which is not in general [[simply connected]].
<ul>
 
 
The distinction between a Bethe lattice and a Cayley tree is that the former is the [[thermodynamic limit]] of the latter{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}. Hence in Cayley trees, surface effects become important.
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== Lattices in Lie groups ==
  <li>[http://www.qddongman.cn/?action-viewcomment-type-news-itemid-2109 http://www.qddongman.cn/?action-viewcomment-type-news-itemid-2109]</li>
Bethe lattices also occur as the [[discrete group]] subgroups of certain hyperbolic [[Lie groups]], such as the [[Fuchsian group]]s. As such, they are also lattices in the sense of a [[lattice (group)|lattice in a Lie group]].
 
 
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==See also==
 
*[[Crystal]]
</ul>
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
*H. A. Bethe, ''Statistical theory of superlattices'', Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser A, 150 ( 1935 ), pp. 552-575.
* {{cite book | author=Rodney J. Baxter | authorlink=Rodney J. Baxter | title=Exactly solved models in statistical mechanics | publisher=Academic Press | year=1982 | isbn=0-12-083182-1}}
 
==External links==
 
[[Category:Lattice models]]
[[Category:Trees (graph theory)]]

Revision as of 16:24, 19 February 2014

not inevitably contact with the dark side of society

Very polite authentic forward.

'not necessarily Yeah, now what lessons have no one to listen to, on this political course, I am afraid that very few people can hear it go in and you see how the belief in question?' Song Ying as casually asked, he wondered, Xie ice age, What concerns should not be concerned about these young people seems to have become obsolete thing.

'have ケイトスペード バッグ 激安 faith will have a goal in life, and the feeling ケイトスペードショルダーバッグ新作 of belonging, I think in the spirit of faith, like the o's in the body, as can ignore its existence, but you can ケイトスペード 財布 ゴールド not deny that it is an integral part. 'Xie ice road.

Song should be also looked back at as strange, it seems appropriate, if the child is not deliberately compliment, ケイトスペード ショルダーバッグ but looked like it a handsome and pious face, he suddenly asked: 'What do you as Interpol, not inevitably contact with the dark side of society, what you believe in? '

'I believe in human right, evil triumphs.' Xie ice road.

is still a handsome, but it seemed ケイトスペード ハンドバッグ a bit childish expression, Laosong smiled, patted Kera shoulder and said: 'Paul 相关的主题文章:

over sin calm authentic

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this result is that the people closest to the suspect, I am afraid we must fooled.

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but also a sentence sorry ah

Hand Zuo Yi, even mouth saying:. ケイトスペードのバッグ 'Thank you two, thank you, to again and again few days, I have embarrassed the ministries and agencies of the door.'

'Cui hall, that there are higher levels to lower levels of thanks.' Wang Shaofeng polite way.

'got to thank you ...... except thank you, but also a sentence sorry ah, a few hours ago, I have shaken.' Cui director smiled, Wang Shaofeng step ahead to ケイトスペード 人気 財布 grab the provincial ケイトスペードバッグセール secretary, to the leadership of the car door, usually down frankly sitting of the, too, not today, Minister Cui personally opened the back door, please forward two Theravada, they do not dare, or secretary smiled and pushed him hard seat.

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