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| | Irwin Butts is what my spouse enjoys to call me though I don't really like becoming called like that. [http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/std/hotlines.htm California] is our birth std home test place. His [http://Www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131030185930.htm wife doesn't] like it the way he does but what he really likes doing is to do aerobics and he's been doing it for fairly a whilst. Since she was 18 she's been home home std test std test operating as a meter reader but she's usually needed her own business.<br><br>Feel free to surf to my site: at home std test - [http://www.chaty-hradec.com/cs/content/tips-about-how-overcome-candidiasis-easily More Signup bonuses], |
| {{chembox
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| | verifiedrevid = 464390969
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| | ImageFile = Chlorid stříbrný.PNG
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| | ImageFile1 = Silver-chloride-3D-ionic.png
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| | ImageSize1 =
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| | IUPACName = Silver(I) chloride
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| | OtherNames = cerargyrite<br />[[chlorargyrite]]<br />horn silver
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| | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
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| | Abbreviations =
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| | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
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| | ChemSpiderID = 22967
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| | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
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| | UNII = MWB0804EO7
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| | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
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| | StdInChI = 1S/Ag.ClH/h;1H/q+1;/p-1
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| | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
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| | StdInChIKey = HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| | InChIKey1 = HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| | CASNo = 7783-90-6
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| | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
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| | EINECS =
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| | PubChem = 24561
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| | SMILES = Cl[Ag]
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| | InChI = 1S/Ag.ClH/h;1H/q+1;/p-1
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| | RTECS = VW3563000
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| | MeSHName =
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| | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
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| | ChEBI = 30341
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| | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
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| | KEGG =
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| | ATC_Supplemental =}}
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| | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
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| | Ag=1 | Cl=1
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| | Appearance = White Solid
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| | Density = 5.56 g cm<sup>−3</sup>
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| | MeltingPtC = 455
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| | Melting_notes =
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| | BoilingPtC = 1547
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| | Boiling_notes =
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| | Solubility = 520 μg/100 g at 50 °C
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| | SolubleOther =
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| soluble in [[ammonia|NH<sub>3</sub>]], conc. [[hydrochloric acid|HCl]], conc. [[sulfuric acid|H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>]], alkali [[cyanide]], [[ammonium carbonate|NH<sub>4</sub>CO<sub>3</sub><sup>?</sup>]], [[potassium bromide|KBr]], [[sodium thiosulfate|Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>]];<br />
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| insoluble in [[alcohol]], dilute [[acid]]s.
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| | RefractIndex = 2.071
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| | pKa =
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| | pKb = }}
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| | Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
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| | CrystalStruct = [[Halite structure|halite]]
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| | Coordination =
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| | MolShape = }}
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| | Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
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| | DeltaHf = −127 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><ref name=b1>{{cite book| author = Zumdahl, Steven S.|title =Chemical Principles 6th Ed.| publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company| year = 2009| isbn = 0-618-94690-X|page=A23}}</ref>
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| | Entropy = 96 J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup><ref name=b1/>
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| }}
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| | Section5 = {{Chembox Pharmacology
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| | AdminRoutes =
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| | PregCat_US = }}
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| | Section6 = {{Chembox Explosive
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| | ShockSens =
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| | ExplosiveV =
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| | REFactor = }}
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| | Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
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| | ExternalMSDS = [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/20787.htm Fischer Scientific]
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| | ExternalMSDS = [http://www.saltlakemetals.com/MSDS_Silver_Chloride.htm Salt Lake Metals]
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| | EUClass =
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| | EUIndex =
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| | MainHazards =
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| | NFPA-H = 2
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| | NFPA-F = 0
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| | NFPA-R = 0
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| | NFPA-O =
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| | RPhrases =
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| | SPhrases =
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| | FlashPt =
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| | Autoignition =
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| | ExploLimits =
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| | PEL = }}
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| | Section8 = {{Chembox Related
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| | OtherAnions = [[silver(I) fluoride]], [[silver bromide]], [[silver iodide]]
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| | OtherCations =
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| | OtherFunctn =
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| | Function =
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| }}
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| '''Silver chloride''' is a [[chemical compound]] with the [[chemical formula]] [[Silver|Ag]][[Chlorine|Cl]]. This white [[crystal]]line solid is well known for its low [[solubility]] in [[water]] (this behavior being reminiscent of the chlorides of Tl<sup>+</sup> and Pb<sup>2+</sup>). Upon illumination or heating, silver chloride converts to silver (and chlorine), which is signaled by greyish or purplish coloration to some samples. AgCl occurs naturally as a mineral [[chlorargyrite]].
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| ==Preparation==
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| Silver chloride is easily synthesized by combining aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chloride.
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| :AgNO<sub>3(aq)</sub> + NaCl<sub>(aq)</sub> → AgCl<sub>(s)</sub> + NaNO<sub>3(aq)</sub>
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| ==Structure and reactions==
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| [[Image:AgCl crystalline.jpg|thumb|left|Silver Chloride Crystals]]
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| [[Image:AgCl pyramidal.jpg|thumb|left|Pyramidal Crystals of AgCl]]
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| The solid adopts the [[Face-centered cubic|''fcc'']] [[Sodium chloride|NaCl]] structure, in which each Ag<sup>+</sup> ion is surrounded by an [[octahedron]] of six chloride ligands. [[Silver(I) fluoride|AgF]] and [[Silver bromide|AgBr]] crystallize similarly.<ref>Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.</ref> However, the crystallography depends on the condition of crystallization, primarily free silver ion concentration, as is shown on the pictures left (greyish tint and metallic [[lustre (mineralogy)|lustre]] are due to partly [[redox|reduce]]d [[silver]]). AgCl dissolves in solutions containing [[ligand]]s such as [[chloride]], [[cyanide]], [[triphenylphosphine]], [[thiosulfate]], [[thiocyanate]] and [[ammonia]]. Silver chloride reacts with these ligands according to the following illustrative equations:
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| :AgCl(s) + Cl<sup>−</sup>(aq) → AgCl<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>(aq)
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| :AgCl(s) + 2S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>(aq) → [Ag(S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>3−</sup>(aq) + Cl<sup>−</sup>(aq)
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| :AgCl(s) + 2NH<sub>3</sub>(aq) → [Ag(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>(aq) + Cl<sup>−</sup>(aq)
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| Most complexes derived from AgCl are two-, three-, and, in rare cases, four-coordinate, adopting linear, trigonal planar, and tetrahedral coordination geometries, respectively.
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| ==Chemistry==
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| [[File:Decomposition of Silver Chloride.jpg|thumb|left|Silver chloride decomposes over time with exposure to UV light]]
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| In one of the most famous reactions in chemistry, addition of colorless aqueous [[silver nitrate]] to an equally colorless solution of sodium chloride produces an opaque white precipitate of AgCl:<ref>[http://www.epa.gov/sw-846/pdfs/9076.pdf More info on Chlorine test]</ref>
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| :Ag<sup>+</sup>([[aqueous|aq]]) + Cl<sup>−</sup>(aq) → AgCl([[solid|s]])
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| This conversion is a common test for the presence of [[chloride]] in solution. Due to its conspicuousness it is easily used in titration, which gives the typical case of [[argentometry]].
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| The [[solubility product]], ''K''<sub>sp</sub>, for AgCl in water is 1.77 × 10<sup>−10</sup> at room temperature, which indicates that only 1.9 mg (<math>\sqrt{1.77 * 10^{-10}}</math> moles) of AgCl will dissolve in each liter of water. The chloride content of an aqueous solution can be determined quantitatively by weighing the precipitated AgCl, which conveniently is non-hygroscopic, since AgCl is one of the few transition metal chlorides that is unreactive toward water. Ions that interfere with this test are bromide and iodide, as well as a variety of ligands (see [[silver halide]]). For AgBr and AgI, the ''K''<sub>sp</sub> values are 5.2 x 10<sup>−13</sup> and 8.3 x 10<sup>−17</sup>, respectively. The [[silver bromide]] (slightly yellowish white) and [[silver iodide]] (pale yellow) are also significantly more photosensitive than is AgCl.
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| AgCl quickly darkens on exposure to light by disintegrating into elemental [[chlorine]] and metallic [[silver]]. This reaction is used in photography and film.
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| ==Uses==
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| {{unreferenced-section|date=September 2012}}
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| *The [[silver chloride electrode]] is a common reference electrode in [[electrochemistry]].
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| *Silver chloride's low solubility makes it a useful addition to pottery glazes for the production of "Inglaze [[lustre (mineralogy)|lustre]]".
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| *Silver chloride has been used as an antidote for [[mercury poisoning]], assisting in the elimination of [[mercury (element)|mercury]].
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| *Silver chloride is used:
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| ** to make [[photographic paper]] since it reacts with photons to form [[latent image]] and via photoreduction
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| ** in [[photochromic lenses]], again taking advantage of its reversible conversion to Ag metal
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| ** in [[bandage]]s and wound healing products
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| ** to create yellow, amber, and brown shades in [[stained glass]] manufacture
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| ** as an [[infra-red]] transmissive optical component as it can be hot-pressed into window and lens shapes<ref>[http://www.crystran.co.uk/silver-chloride-agcl.htm Crystran Data Sheet and Application]</ref>
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| ** as an antimicrobial agent:
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| *** in some personal deodorant products
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| *** for long-term preservation of drinking water in water tanks
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| {{Silver compounds}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Silver Chloride}}
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| [[Category:Chlorides]]
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| [[Category:Silver compounds]]
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| [[Category:Metal halides]]
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| [[Category:Coordination compounds]]
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| [[Category:Photographic chemicals]]
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| [[Category:Light-sensitive chemicals]]
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Irwin Butts is what my spouse enjoys to call me though I don't really like becoming called like that. California is our birth std home test place. His wife doesn't like it the way he does but what he really likes doing is to do aerobics and he's been doing it for fairly a whilst. Since she was 18 she's been home home std test std test operating as a meter reader but she's usually needed her own business.
Feel free to surf to my site: at home std test - More Signup bonuses,