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'''Schuler tuning''' is a modification to the electronic control system used in [[inertial navigation system]]s that accounts for the curvature of the Earth. An inertial navigation system, used in submarines, ships, aircraft, and other vehicles to keep track of position, determines directions with respect to three [[Coordinate axis|axes]] pointing "north", "east", and "down". To detect the vehicle's orientation, the system contains an "[[inertial platform]]" mounted on [[gimbal]]s, with [[gyroscope]]s that keep it pointing in a fixed orientation in space. However, the directions "north", "east" and "down" change as the vehicle moves on the curved surface of the Earth. Schuler tuning describes the modifications necessary to an inertial navigation system to keep the inertial platform always pointing "north", "east" and "down", so it gives correct directions on Earth.
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==Principle==
As first explained by German engineer [[Maximilian Schuler]] in a 1923 paper,<ref>{{cite journal
| last = Schuler
| first = M.
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Die Störung von Pendel und Kreiselapparaten durch die Beschleunigung des Fahrzeuges
| journal = Physikalische
Zeitschrift
| volume = 24
| issue = 16
| pages =
| publisher =
| location =
| year = 1923
| url = http://www.webcitation.org/6JBR8WNRq
| doi =
| id =
| accessdate = 2008-12-02}}</ref> a [[pendulum]] whose period exactly equals the [[orbit]]al period of a hypothetical [[satellite]] orbiting just above the surface of the [[Earth]] (about 84 minutes) will tend to remain pointing at the center of the Earth when its support is suddenly displaced. Such a pendulum would have a length equal to the radius of the Earth. Consider a [[simple gravity pendulum]], whose length equals the [[radius]] of the Earth, suspended in a uniform gravitational field of the same strength as that experienced at the Earth's surface. If suspended from the surface of the Earth, the bob of the pendulum would be at the center of the Earth. If it is hanging motionless and its support is moved sideways, the bob tends to remain motionless, so the pendulum always points at the center of the Earth. If such a pendulum were attached to the inertial platform of an inertial navigation system, the platform would remain level, facing "north", "east" and "down", as it was moved about on the surface of the Earth.
 
A rigid pendulum may also be made to have the required period, with a pivot near its [[center of gravity]].<ref>[http://accessscience.com/content/Schuler-pendulum/606900 Schuler Pendulum] by Robert H. Cannon, Accessscience.com</ref>
 
The '''Schuler period''' can be derived from the classic formula for the period of a [[pendulum]]:
:<math>T = 2\pi \sqrt\frac{L}{g} \approx 2\pi \sqrt\frac{6378100}{9.81} \approx 5066 \ \text{seconds} \approx 84.4 \ \text{minutes}</math>
where '''''L''''' is the radius of the earth in meters and '''''g''''' is the local [[acceleration of gravity]] in [[metres per second per second]].
 
==Application==
A pendulum the length of the Earth's radius is impractical, so Schuler tuning doesn't use physical pendulums. Instead, the electronic control system of the [[inertial navigation system]] is modified to make the platform behave as if it were attached to a pendulum.   The inertial platform is mounted on [[gimbal]]s, and an [[Electronics|electronic]] [[control system]] keeps it pointed in a constant direction with respect to the three axes. As the vehicle moves, the gyroscopes detect changes in orientation, and a [[feedback loop]] applies signals to torquers to rotate the platform on its gimbals to keep it pointed along the axes.
 
To implement Schuler tuning, the feedback loop is modified to tilt the platform as the vehicle moves in the north-south and east-west directions, to keep the platform facing "down".<ref>{{cite journal
| last = King
| first = A.D.
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Inertial Navigation - Forty Years of Evolution
| journal = GEC Review
| volume = 13
| issue = 3
| pages = p.141
| publisher =
| location =
| year = 1998
| url = http://www.imar-navigation.de/downloads/papers/inertial_navigation_introduction.pdf
| doi =
| id =
| accessdate = 2010-09-27}}</ref>   To do this, the torquers that rotate the platform are fed a signal proportional to the vehicle's north-south and east-west [[velocity]]. The turning rate of the torquers is equal to the velocity divided by the radius of the Earth ''R'':
 
:<math>\dot{\theta} = v/R</math>
 
So:
 
:<math>\ddot{\theta} = a/R</math>
 
The acceleration ''a'' is a combination of the actual vehicle acceleration and the acceleration due to gravity acting on the tilting inertial platform.  So this equation can be seen as a version of the equation for a simple gravity [[pendulum]] with a length equal to the radius of the Earth.  The inertial platform acts as if it were attached to such a pendulum.
 
Schuler's time constant has other applications. Suppose a tunnel is dug from one end of the Earth to the other end straight through its center, a stone dropped in such a tunnel oscillates with Schuler's time constant. It can also be proved that the time is the same constant for a tunnel that is not through the center of Earth also.
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
[[Category:Navigational equipment]]

Revision as of 17:03, 26 February 2014

Many individuals have this habit of doing all stuff by themselves, regardless of how important or simple they are! These individuals won't allow others interfere in their matters. While this stance can function inside other regions of life, it's not how to respond when you need to fix a Windows registry. There are some jobs like removing spywares, virus in addition to obsolete registry entries, that are best left to specialist softwares. In this particular article I may tell we why it really is critical to fix Windows registry NOW!

The PC registry begins to get mistakes plus fragmented the more we utilize the computer considering we enter more data every time, and also create changes in our systems plus setup. When the registry begins to get overloaded and full of mistakes, the computer might eventually crash. It is possible to fix it on a own nevertheless very risky, specifically should you have no extensive experience in doing so. Therefore, do NOT even attempt to do this yourself.

It doesn't matter whether we are not really well-defined regarding what rundll32.exe is. However remember that it plays an significant character in maintaining the stability of the computers plus the integrity of the program. Whenever some software or hardware couldn't reply normally to a system procedure, comes the rundll32 exe error, which could be caused by corrupted files or missing information inside registry. Usually, error content can shows up at booting or the beginning of running a program.

The problem with nearly all of the individuals is that they never wish To spend income. In the damaged version one refuses to have to pay anything and can download it from web quite easily. It is simple to install because well. But, the issue comes when it happens to be unable to detect all possible viruses, spyware and malware inside the program. This really is because it really is obsolete inside nature plus refuses to get any usual changes from the website downloaded. Thus, a system is accessible to difficulties like hacking.

When it comes to software, this really is the vital piece since it is the 1 running your system plus different programs required in a works. Always keep the cleanliness of the system from obsolete data by getting a advantageous tuneup utilities. Protect it from a virus found on the net by providing a workable virus security system. You could also have a monthly clean up by running the defragmenter system. This way it may enhance the performance of your computer plus for you to avoid any errors. If you think anything is incorrect with all the software, plus you don't understand how to fix it then refer to a technician.

Another factor is registry. It is one of the most crucial part in a Windows XP, Vista operating systems. When Windows begin up, it read related data from registry plus load into computer RAM. This takes up a big piece of the startup time. After the data is all loaded, computer runs the startup programs.

Google Chrome is my lifeline plus for this day fortunately. My all settings and research related bookmarks were saved in Chrome plus stupidly I did not synchronize them with all the Gmail to store them online. I couldn't afford to install hot adaptation plus sacrifice all my function settings. There was no technique to retrieve the aged settings. The just way left for me was to miraculously fix it browser inside a method that all of the data and settings stored in it are recovered.

Before you purchase a whole new system; it happens to be time to get the aged one cleaned up so you can begin getting more performed online today! Visit our site under plus access the many reputable registry cleaner software available.

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