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| {{Refimprove|date=November 2009}}
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| In [[mathematics]], the [[Category theory|category]] '''Grp''' has the [[Class (set theory)|class]] of all [[Group (mathematics)|groups]] for objects and [[group homomorphism]]s for [[morphism]]s. As such, it is a [[concrete category]]. The study of this category is known as [[group theory]].
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| There are two [[forgetful functor]]s from '''Grp''':
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| M:'''Grp''' → '''Mon'''
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| U:'''Grp''' → '''Set'''
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| Where M has two adjoints:
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| One right; I:'''Mon'''→'''Grp'''
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| One left; K:'''Mon'''→'''Grp'''
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| Here I:'''Mon'''→'''Grp''' is the functor sending every monoid to the submonoid of invertible elements and K:'''Mon'''→'''Grp''' the functor sending every monoid to the Grothendieck group of that monoid.
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| The forgetful functor U:'''Grp''' → '''Set''' have a left adjoint given by the composite KF:'''Set'''→'''Mon'''→'''Grp''' where F is the free functor.
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| The [[monomorphism]]s in '''Grp''' are precisely the [[injective]] homomorphisms, the [[epimorphism]]s are precisely the [[surjective]] homomorphisms, and the [[isomorphism]]s are precisely the [[bijective]] homomorphisms.
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| The category '''Grp''' is both [[complete category|complete and co-complete]]. The [[product (category theory)|category-theoretical product]] in '''Grp''' is just the [[direct product of groups]] while the [[coproduct|category-theoretical coproduct]] in '''Grp''' is the [[free product]] of groups. The [[zero object]]s in '''Grp''' are the [[trivial group]]s (consisting of just an identity element).
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| The [[category of abelian groups]], '''Ab''', is a [[full subcategory]] of '''Grp'''. '''Ab''' is an [[abelian category]], but '''Grp''' is not. Indeed, '''Grp''' isn't even an [[additive category]], because there is no natural way to define the "sum" of two group homomorphisms. (The set of morphisms from the [[symmetric group]] ''S''<sub>3</sub> of order three to itself, <math>E=\operatorname{Hom}(S_3,S_3)</math>, has ten elements: an element ''z'' whose product on either side with every element of ''E'' is ''z'' (the homomorphism sending every element to the identity), three elements such that their product on one fixed side is always itself (the projections onto the three subgroups of order two), and six automorphisms. If '''Grp''' were an additive category, then this set ''E'' of ten elements would be a [[ring (mathematics)|ring]]. In any ring, the zero element is singled out by the property that 0''x''=''x''0=0 for all ''x'' in the ring, and so ''z'' would have to be the zero of ''E''. However, there are no two nonzero elements of ''E'' whose product is ''z'', so this finite ring would have no [[zero divisor]]s. A [[finite ring]] with no zero divisors is a [[field (mathematics)|field]], but there is no field with ten elements because every [[finite field]] has for its order, the power of a prime.)
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| Every morphism ''f'' : ''G'' → ''H'' in '''Grp''' has a [[kernel (category theory)|category-theoretic kernel]] (given by the ordinary [[kernel (algebra)|kernel of algebra]] ker f = {''x'' in ''G'' | ''f''(''x'') = ''e''}), and also a [[cokernel (category theory)|category-theoretic cokernel]] (given by the [[factor group]] of ''H'' by the [[Normal closure (group theory)|normal closure]] of ''f''(''H'') in ''H''). Unlike in abelian categories, it is not true that every monomorphism in '''Grp''' is the kernel of its cokernel.
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| The notion of [[exact sequence]] is meaningful in '''Grp''', and some results from the theory of abelian categories, such as the [[nine lemma]], the [[five lemma]], and their consequences hold true in '''Grp'''. The [[snake lemma]] however is not true in '''Grp'''.
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| ==References==
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| * {{Cite book
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| |first=Robert
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| |last=Goldblatt
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| |title=Topoi, the Categorial Analysis of Logic
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| |url=http://historical.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/cul.math/docviewer?did=Gold010&id=3|accessdate=2009-11-25
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| |edition=Revised
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| |year=2006
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| |origyear=1984
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| |publisher=[[Dover Publications]]
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| |isbn=978-0-486-45026-1}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Category Of Groups}}
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| [[Category:Category-theoretic categories|Groups]] | |
| [[Category:Group theory]] | |
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