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{{Thermodynamics|cTopic=[[List of thermodynamic properties|System properties]]}}
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In [[thermodynamics]], the '''reduced properties''' of a fluid are a set of [[state variables]] [[Normalizing constant|normalized]] by the fluid's state properties at its [[critical point (thermodynamics)|critical point]]. These dimensionless thermodynamic coordinates, taken together with a substance's [[compressibility factor]], provide the basis for the simplest form of the [[theorem of corresponding states]].<ref name=boles/>
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Reduced properties are also used to define the [[Equation_of_state#Peng–Robinson_equation_of_state|Peng-Robinson equation of state]], a model designed to provide reasonable accuracy near the critical point.<ref>{{cite journal | title = A New Two-Constant Equation of State | journal = Industrial and Engineering Chemistry: Fundamentals | volume = 15 | year = 1976 | pages = 59–64 | author = Peng, DY, and Robinson, DB | doi = 10.1021/i160057a011}}</ref> They are also used to [[critical exponents]], which describe the behaviour of physical quantities near continuous phase transitions.<ref>[[Hagen Kleinert]] and Verena Schulte-Frohlinde, ''Critical Properties of φ<sup>4</sup>-Theories'', pp.8, [http://www.worldscibooks.com/physics/4733.html World Scientific (Singapore, 2001)]; ISBN 981-02-4658-7 ''(Read online at [http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/b8])''</ref>
 
==Reduced pressure==
The reduced pressure is defined as its actual pressure <math>p</math> divided by its [[critical pressure]] <math>p_c</math>:<ref name=boles>{{Cite book  | last1 = Cengel | first1 = Yunus A. | last2 = Boles | first2 = Michael A. | title = Thermodynamics: an engineering approach | year = 2002 | publisher = McGraw-Hill | location = Boston  | isbn = 0-07-121688-X | pages =  91–93}}</ref>
 
:<math>p_r = {p \over p_c}</math>
 
==Reduced temperature==
The reduced temperature of a fluid is its actual temperature, divided by its [[critical temperature]]:<ref name=boles/>
 
:<math>T_r = {T \over T_c}</math>
 
where the actual temperature and critical temperature are expressed in absolute temperature scales (either [[Kelvin]] or [[Rankine scale|Rankine]]).   Both the reduced temperature and the reduced pressure are often used in thermodynamical formulas like the Peng-Robinson equation of state.
 
==Reduced specific volume==
The reduced specific volume (or "pseudo-reduced specific volume") of a fluid is computed from the [[ideal gas law]] at the substance's critical pressure and temperature:<ref name=boles/>
 
:<math>v_r = \frac{v}{RT_c/p_c}\,</math>
 
This property is useful when the specific volume and either temperature or pressure are known, in which case the missing third property can be computed directly.
 
==See also==
*[[Departure function]]
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
[[Category:Thermodynamics]]
{{Thermodynamics-stub}}

Revision as of 00:32, 29 January 2013

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my web-site; cheap psychic readings [netwk.hannam.ac.kr] In thermodynamics, the reduced properties of a fluid are a set of state variables normalized by the fluid's state properties at its critical point. These dimensionless thermodynamic coordinates, taken together with a substance's compressibility factor, provide the basis for the simplest form of the theorem of corresponding states.[1]

Reduced properties are also used to define the Peng-Robinson equation of state, a model designed to provide reasonable accuracy near the critical point.[2] They are also used to critical exponents, which describe the behaviour of physical quantities near continuous phase transitions.[3]

Reduced pressure

The reduced pressure is defined as its actual pressure p divided by its critical pressure pc:[1]

pr=ppc

Reduced temperature

The reduced temperature of a fluid is its actual temperature, divided by its critical temperature:[1]

Tr=TTc

where the actual temperature and critical temperature are expressed in absolute temperature scales (either Kelvin or Rankine). Both the reduced temperature and the reduced pressure are often used in thermodynamical formulas like the Peng-Robinson equation of state.

Reduced specific volume

The reduced specific volume (or "pseudo-reduced specific volume") of a fluid is computed from the ideal gas law at the substance's critical pressure and temperature:[1]

vr=vRTc/pc

This property is useful when the specific volume and either temperature or pressure are known, in which case the missing third property can be computed directly.

See also

References

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