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In [[financial mathematics]], the '''Black–Karasinski model''' is a [[mathematical model]] of the [[term structure]] of [[interest rate]]s; see [[short rate model]]. It is a one-factor model as it describes interest rate movements as driven by a single source of randomness.
It belongs to the class of no-arbitrage models, i.e. it can fit today's [[zero-coupon bond]] prices, and in its most general form, today's prices for a set of caps, floors or European [[swaption]]s. The model was introduced by [[Fischer Black]] and [[Piotr Karasinski]] in 1991.
 
==Model==
 
The main state variable of the model is the short rate, which is assumed to follow the stochastic differential equation (under the [[risk-neutral measure]]):
 
: <math> d\ln(r) = [\theta_t-\phi_t \ln(r)] \, dt + \sigma_t\, dW_t </math>
 
where ''dW''<sub>''t''</sub> is a standard [[Wiener process|Brownian motion]]. The model implies a [[log-normal distribution]] for the short rate and therefore the [[expected value]] of the money-market account is infinite for any maturity.
 
In the original article by Fischer Black and Piotr Karasinski the model was implemented using a [[Binomial options pricing model|binomial tree]] with variable spacing, but a [[trinomial tree]] implementation is more common in practice, typically a lognormal application of the [[Hull%E2%80%93White_model#Trees_and_lattices|Hull-White Lattice]].
 
==Applications==
The model is used mainly for the pricing of [[exotic option|exotic]] [[interest rate derivative]]s such as [[American option|American]] and [[Bermudan option|Bermudan]] [[bond option]]s and [[swaptions]], once its parameters have been calibrated to the current term structure of interest rates and to the prices or [[implied volatility|implied volatilities]] of [[Interest rate cap|caps]], [[Interest rate floor|floors]] or [[European option|European]] swaptions. [[Numerical method]]s (usually trees) are used in the calibration stage as well as for pricing.
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite journal|first=F.|last=Black|coauthors=Karasinski, P.|title=Bond and Option pricing when Short rates are Lognormal|date=July–August 1991|pages=52–59|journal=Financial Analysts Journal}}
*{{cite book | title = Interest Rate Models – Theory and Practice with Smile, Inflation and Credit| author = Damiano Brigo, Fabio Mercurio | publisher = Springer Verlag | year = 2001 | edition = 2nd ed. 2006 | isbn = 978-3-540-22149-4}}
{{refend}}
 
==External links==
*Simon Benninga and Zvi Wiener (1998). [http://simonbenninga.com/wiener/MiER73.pdf Binomial Term Structure Models], ''Mathematica in Education and Research'', Vol. 7 No. 3 1998
 
{{Stochastic processes}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Black-Karasinski Model}}
[[Category:Mathematical modeling]]
[[Category:Short-rate models]]

Revision as of 04:08, 10 September 2013

In financial mathematics, the Black–Karasinski model is a mathematical model of the term structure of interest rates; see short rate model. It is a one-factor model as it describes interest rate movements as driven by a single source of randomness. It belongs to the class of no-arbitrage models, i.e. it can fit today's zero-coupon bond prices, and in its most general form, today's prices for a set of caps, floors or European swaptions. The model was introduced by Fischer Black and Piotr Karasinski in 1991.

Model

The main state variable of the model is the short rate, which is assumed to follow the stochastic differential equation (under the risk-neutral measure):

dln⁡(r)=[θt−ϕtln⁡(r)]dt+σtdWt

where dWt is a standard Brownian motion. The model implies a log-normal distribution for the short rate and therefore the expected value of the money-market account is infinite for any maturity.

In the original article by Fischer Black and Piotr Karasinski the model was implemented using a binomial tree with variable spacing, but a trinomial tree implementation is more common in practice, typically a lognormal application of the Hull-White Lattice.

Applications

The model is used mainly for the pricing of exotic interest rate derivatives such as American and Bermudan bond options and swaptions, once its parameters have been calibrated to the current term structure of interest rates and to the prices or implied volatilities of caps, floors or European swaptions. Numerical methods (usually trees) are used in the calibration stage as well as for pricing.

References

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