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{{New Testament manuscript infobox
| form  = Minuscule
| number = '''451'''
| image  =
| isize  =
| caption=
| name  =
| sign  =
| text  = [[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]], [[Catholic epistles]], [[Pauline epistles]]
| script = [[Greek language|Greek]]
| date  = 11th century
| found  =
| now at = [[Vatican Library]]
| cite  =
| size  = {{×|19.2|13.9|cm}}
| type  = mixed, [[Byzantine text-type|Byzantine]]
| cat    = III, V
| hand  =
| note  =
}}


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'''Minuscule 451''' (in the [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland|Gregory-Aland]] numbering), α 178 (in the [[Biblical manuscript#Von Soden|Soden]] numbering),<ref name = Gregory1908>{{cite book|last=Gregory|first=Caspar René|authorlink=Caspar René Gregory|title=Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/diegriechischen00greggoog#page/n75/mode/2up|year=1908|publisher=J. C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung|location=Leipzig|page=64}}</ref> is a [[Greek language|Greek]] [[Lower case|minuscule]] [[manuscript]] of the [[New Testament]], on parchment. [[Palaeography|Palaeographically]] it has been assigned to the 11th century.<ref name = Aland>{{Cite book
| last = Aland
| first = K.
| authorlink = Kurt Aland
| coauthors = M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack
| title = Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments
| publisher = [[Walter de Gruyter]]
| year = 1994
| location = Berlin, New York
| page = 74
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = 3-11-011986-2 }}</ref>
Formerly it was labelled by 79<sup>a</sup> and 90<sup>p</sup>. The manuscript has not survived in complete condition.
 
== Description ==
 
The codex is written on 161 parchment leaves in [[Lower case|minuscule]] script. Some of leaves were lost. The leaves are measured {{×|19.2|13.9|cm}}.{{r|Aland}}
 
It contains the text of the [[Acts of the Apostles]], [[Catholic epistles]], and [[Pauline epistles]], with two [[Lacuna (manuscripts)|lacunae]] (2 Cor 11:15-12:1; Eph 1:9-Heb 13:25).{{r|Gregory}} The order of books: Acts, [[Catholic epistles]], [[Pauline epistles]]. It contains also liturgical books with [[Hagiography|hagiographies]]: [[Synaxarion]] and [[Menologion]].<ref name = Gregory/>
 
The biblical text is written in one column per page, in 30 lines per page.{{r|Aland}} The letters are written above lines.
 
It contains Prolegomena at the beginning, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), the [[Euthalian Apparatus]], and numbers of [[Stichometry|στιχοι]] in subscriptions.<ref name = Gregory>{{Cite book
| last = Gregory
| first = Caspar René
| authorlink = Caspar René Gregory
| title = Textkritik des Neuen Testaments
| publisher = J.C. Hinrichs
| year = 1900
| location = Leipzig
| volume = 1
| page = 271
| url = http://www.archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n283/mode/2up
| isbn =
}}</ref>
 
== Text ==
 
The Greek text of the codex is mixed in the Pauline epistles, elsewhere the [[Byzantine text-type]]. [[Kurt Aland|Aland]] placed it in [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts#Category III|Category III]] in Pauline epistles and in [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts#Category V|Category V]] elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite book
| last = Aland
| first = Kurt
| authorlink = Kurt Aland
| coauthors = [[Barbara Aland]]; Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)
| title = The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism
| publisher = [[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]
| year = 1995
| location = Grand Rapids
| page = 133
| url =
| isbn = 978-0-8028-4098-1}}</ref>
Textually it is very close to the codices [[Minuscule 330|330]], [[Minuscule 2400|2400]], [[Minuscule 2492|2492]].<ref>Colwell E. C., ''The Four Gospels of Karahissar I, History and Text'', Chicago, 1936.</ref>
 
; Some unique readings of the codex
 
Acts 13:33
* εν τω ψαλμω τω δευτερω γεγραπται (it is written in the second Psalm) – [[Codex Laudianus|Ε]] [[Codex Petropolitanus (New Testament)|Π]] [[Uncial 049|049]] [[Minuscule 88|88]] [[Minuscule 104|104]] [[Minuscule 330|330]] [[Minuscule 436|436]] [[Minuscule 614|614]] [[Minuscule 629|629]] 1241 1505 1877 2127 2412 2492 2495 Byz;
 
Acts 18:26
* την του θεου οδον along with [[Codex Porphyrianus|P]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]], 049, [[Uncial 0142|0142]], [[Minuscule 104|104]], 330, [[Minuscule 1241|1241]], 1877, 2127, 2492, Byz, Lect;<ref>UBS3, p. 491.</ref>
 
Romans 4:11
* λογισθηναι αυτον — 451;
* λογισθηναι και — א* [[Codex Alexandrinus|A]] [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|B]] [[Minuscule 81|81]] 330 [[Minuscule 630|630]] [[Minuscule 1739|1739]] 1881 Byz;
* λογισθηναι — [[Minuscule 2492|2492]]
 
Romans 15:19 it supports πνευματος θεου αγιου along with [[Minuscule 330]]
: πνευματος θεου
: πνευματος αγιου;<ref>UBS3, p. 572. </ref>
 
Romans 16:25-27 is following 14:23, as in [[Codex Angelicus]] [[Codex Athous Lavrensis]], [[Uncial 0209|0209]], [[Minuscule 181]] [[Minuscule 326|326]] [[Minuscule 330|330]] [[Minuscule 460|460]] [[Minuscule 614|614]] 1241 1877 1881 1984 1985 2492 2495.<ref>UBS3, pp. 576-577. </ref>
 
In 1 Corinthians 7:5 it has unique reading τη προσευχη και νηστεια (''prayer and fasting''); the reading is supported only by 451, and [[John of Damascus]]. Other readings:
: τη προσευχη (''prayer'') – <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>11</sup>, <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>46</sup>, א*, A, B, C, D, G, P, Ψ, 33, 81,  104, 181, 629, 630, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth
: τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη (''fasting and prayer'') – א<sup>c</sup>, K, L, 88, 326, 436, 614, 1241, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, syr<sup>p,h</sup>, goth.<ref>UBS3, p. 591. </ref>
 
In Ephesians 5:9 it reads πνευματος along with: [[Papyrus 46|P46]] [[Codex Bezae|D<sup>c</sup>]] [[Codex Mosquensis I|Κ]] [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]] [[Minuscule 88|88]] [[Minuscule 104|104]] [[Minuscule 181|181]] [[Minuscule 326|326]] [[Minuscule 436|436]] [[Minuscule 614|614]] 630 [[Minuscule 1241 (Gregory-Aland)|1241]] 1739<sup>mg</sup> 1877 1985 2495 Byz '''ℓ''' ''809'' syr<sup>h</sup>; other manuscripts have φωτος — [[Papyrus 49|P49]] א A B D* [[Codex Augiensis|F]] [[Codex Boernerianus|G]] [[Minuscule 33|33]] [[Minuscule 81|81]] 330 1739* 1881 1962 cop<sup>sa</sup> [[List of New Testament lectionaries|Lectionaries]] it [[Vulgate|vg]] [[Peshitta|syr<sup>p</sup>]], syr<sup>pal</sup> [[Coptic versions of the Bible|cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>]].
 
== History ==
Gregory dated it to the 11th century, Stornajolo to the 12th century.{{r|Gregory}} Currently it is dated by the [[INTF]] to the 11th century>{{r|Aland}}
 
The manuscript was examined by [[Andrew Birch|Birch]], [[Johann Martin Augustin Scholz|Scholz]], Stornalojo, and [[C. R. Gregory]] (1886).<ref name = Gregory/>
 
The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by [[Johann Martin Augustin Scholz|Scholz]] (1794-1852).<ref>{{Cite book
| last = Scrivener
| first = Frederick Henry Ambrose
| authorlink = Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
| coauthors =
| title = [[A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament]]
| publisher = [[George Bell & Sons]]
| year = 1894
| location = London
| volume = 1
| page = 322
| url =
| doi =
  | id =
  | isbn = }}</ref>
 
Formerly it was labelled by 79<sup>a</sup> and 90<sup>p</sup>.<ref name = Scrivener>{{Cite book
| last = Scrivener
| first = Frederick Henry Ambrose
| authorlink = Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
| coauthors =
| title = [[A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament]]
| publisher = [[George Bell & Sons]]
| year = 1894
| location = London
| volume = 1
| page = 290
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = }}</ref> In 1908 Gregory gave the number 451 to it.{{r|Gregory1908}}
 
It is currently housed at the [[Vatican Library]] (Urb. gr. 3) in [[Rome]].<ref name = Aland/>
 
== See also ==
{{Portal|Bible}}
 
* [[List of New Testament minuscules]]
* [[Biblical manuscript]]
* [[Textual criticism]]
 
== References ==
 
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refend}}
 
== Further reading ==
 
* {{Cite book
| last = Gregory
| first = Caspar René
| authorlink = Caspar René Gregory
| title = Textkritik des Neuen Testaments
| publisher = J.C. Hinrichs
| year = 1900
| location = Leipzig
| volume = 1
| page = 271
| url = http://www.archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n283/mode/2up
| isbn =
}}
 
== External links ==
* R. Waltz, [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/Manuscripts1-500.html#m451 Minuscule 451] at the ''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism''
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0451}}
[[Category:Greek New Testament minuscules]]
[[Category:11th-century biblical manuscripts]]
[[Category:Manuscripts of the Vatican Library]]

Revision as of 16:18, 12 March 2013

Template:New Testament manuscript infobox

Minuscule 451 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 178 (in the Soden numbering),[1] is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.[2] Formerly it was labelled by 79a and 90p. The manuscript has not survived in complete condition.

Description

The codex is written on 161 parchment leaves in minuscule script. Some of leaves were lost. The leaves are measured Template:×.Template:R

It contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles, with two lacunae (2 Cor 11:15-12:1; Eph 1:9-Heb 13:25).Template:R The order of books: Acts, Catholic epistles, Pauline epistles. It contains also liturgical books with hagiographies: Synaxarion and Menologion.[3]

The biblical text is written in one column per page, in 30 lines per page.Template:R The letters are written above lines.

It contains Prolegomena at the beginning, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), the Euthalian Apparatus, and numbers of στιχοι in subscriptions.[3]

Text

The Greek text of the codex is mixed in the Pauline epistles, elsewhere the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category III in Pauline epistles and in Category V elsewhere.[4] Textually it is very close to the codices 330, 2400, 2492.[5]

Some unique readings of the codex

Acts 13:33

  • εν τω ψαλμω τω δευτερω γεγραπται (it is written in the second Psalm) – Ε Π 049 88 104 330 436 614 629 1241 1505 1877 2127 2412 2492 2495 Byz;

Acts 18:26

  • την του θεου οδον along with P, Ψ, 049, 0142, 104, 330, 1241, 1877, 2127, 2492, Byz, Lect;[6]

Romans 4:11

  • λογισθηναι αυτον — 451;
  • λογισθηναι και — א* A B 81 330 630 1739 1881 Byz;
  • λογισθηναι — 2492

Romans 15:19 it supports πνευματος θεου αγιου along with Minuscule 330

πνευματος θεου
πνευματος αγιου;[7]

Romans 16:25-27 is following 14:23, as in Codex Angelicus Codex Athous Lavrensis, 0209, Minuscule 181 326 330 460 614 1241 1877 1881 1984 1985 2492 2495.[8]

In 1 Corinthians 7:5 it has unique reading τη προσευχη και νηστεια (prayer and fasting); the reading is supported only by 451, and John of Damascus. Other readings:

τη προσευχη (prayer) – P11, P46, א*, A, B, C, D, G, P, Ψ, 33, 81, 104, 181, 629, 630, 1739, 1877, 1881, 1962, it vg, cop, arm, eth
τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη (fasting and prayer) – אc, K, L, 88, 326, 436, 614, 1241, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, syrp,h, goth.[9]

In Ephesians 5:9 it reads πνευματος along with: P46 Dc Κ Ψ 88 104 181 326 436 614 630 1241 1739mg 1877 1985 2495 Byz ℓ 809 syrh; other manuscripts have φωτος — P49 א A B D* F G 33 81 330 1739* 1881 1962 copsa Lectionaries it vg syrp, syrpal copsa, bo.

History

Gregory dated it to the 11th century, Stornajolo to the 12th century.Template:R Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 11th century>Template:R

The manuscript was examined by Birch, Scholz, Stornalojo, and C. R. Gregory (1886).[3]

The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Scholz (1794-1852).[10]

Formerly it was labelled by 79a and 90p.[11] In 1908 Gregory gave the number 451 to it.Template:R

It is currently housed at the Vatican Library (Urb. gr. 3) in Rome.[2]

See also

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References

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro. Template:Refbegin Template:Refend

Further reading

  • 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.

    My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534

External links

  1. ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.

    My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.

    My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.

    My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534
  4. ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.

    My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534
  5. ↑ Colwell E. C., The Four Gospels of Karahissar I, History and Text, Chicago, 1936.
  6. ↑ UBS3, p. 491.
  7. ↑ UBS3, p. 572.
  8. ↑ UBS3, pp. 576-577.
  9. ↑ UBS3, p. 591.
  10. ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.

    My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534
  11. ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.

    My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534
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