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In [[mathematics]] two [[link (knot theory)|links]] <math>L_0 \subset S^n</math> and <math>L_1 \subset S^n</math> are '''concordant''' if there is an [[embedding]] <math>f : L_0 \times [0,1] \to S^n \times [0,1]</math> such that <math>f(L_0 \times \{0\}) = L_0 \times \{0\}</math> and <math>f(L_0 \times \{1\}) = L_1 \times \{1\}</math>. | |||
By its nature, '''link concordance''' is an [[equivalence relation]]. It is weaker than [[Homotopy#Isotopy|isotopy]], and stronger than [[homotopy]]: isotopy implies concordance implies homotopy. A link is a '''slice link''' if it is concordant to the [[unlink]]. | |||
== Concordance invariants == | |||
A function of a link that is invariant under concordance is called a '''concordance invariants'''. | |||
The [[linking number]] of any two components of a link is one of the most elementary concordance invariants. The [[signature of a knot]] is also a concordance invariant. A subtler concordance invariant are the [[Milnor invariants]], and in fact all rational [[finite type invariant|finite type]] concordance invariants are Milnor invariants and their products,<ref name="kontsevich">{{citation | |||
|title=The Kontsevich integral and Milnor's invariants | |||
|journal=Topology | |||
|first1=Nathan | |||
|last1=Habegger | |||
|first2=Gregor | |||
|last2=Masbaum | |||
|volume=39 | |||
|year=2000 | |||
|issue=6 | |||
|pages=1253–1289 | |||
|doi=10.1016/S0040-9383(99)00041-5 | |||
|postscript=, [http://people.math.jussieu.fr/~masbaum/K39.ps.gz preprint]. | |||
}}</ref> though non-finite type concordance invariants exist. | |||
== Higher dimensions == | |||
One can analogously define concordance for any two submanifolds <math>M_0, M_1 \subset N</math>. In this case one considers two submanifolds concordant if there is a [[cobordism]] between them in <math>N \times [0,1],</math> i.e., if there is a manifold with boundary <math>W \subset N \times [0,1]</math> whose boundary consists of <math>M_0 \times \{0\}</math> and <math>M_1 \times \{1\}.</math> | |||
This higher dimensional concordance is a [[relative homotopy|relative]] form of cobordism – it requires two submanifolds to be not just abstractly cobordant, but "cobordant in ''N''". | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Slice knot]] | |||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
==Further reading== | |||
* J. Hillman, Algebraic invariants of links. Series on Knots and everything. Vol 32. World Scientific. | |||
* Livingston, Charles, A survey of classical knot concordance, in: ''Handbook of knot theory'', pp 319–347, [[Elsevier]], Amsterdam, 2005. {{MathSciNet | id = 2179265 }} ISBN 0-444-51452-X | |||
[[Category:Knot invariants]] | |||
[[Category:Manifolds]] |
Revision as of 18:11, 27 January 2014
In mathematics two links and are concordant if there is an embedding such that and .
By its nature, link concordance is an equivalence relation. It is weaker than isotopy, and stronger than homotopy: isotopy implies concordance implies homotopy. A link is a slice link if it is concordant to the unlink.
Concordance invariants
A function of a link that is invariant under concordance is called a concordance invariants.
The linking number of any two components of a link is one of the most elementary concordance invariants. The signature of a knot is also a concordance invariant. A subtler concordance invariant are the Milnor invariants, and in fact all rational finite type concordance invariants are Milnor invariants and their products,[1] though non-finite type concordance invariants exist.
Higher dimensions
One can analogously define concordance for any two submanifolds . In this case one considers two submanifolds concordant if there is a cobordism between them in i.e., if there is a manifold with boundary whose boundary consists of and
This higher dimensional concordance is a relative form of cobordism – it requires two submanifolds to be not just abstractly cobordant, but "cobordant in N".
See also
References
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Further reading
- J. Hillman, Algebraic invariants of links. Series on Knots and everything. Vol 32. World Scientific.
- Livingston, Charles, A survey of classical knot concordance, in: Handbook of knot theory, pp 319–347, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2005. Template:MathSciNet ISBN 0-444-51452-X