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In [[functional analysis]], the '''Dunford–Pettis property''', named after [[Nelson Dunford]] and [[B. J. Pettis]], is a property of a [[Banach space]] stating that all weakly compact operators from this space into another Banach space are completely continuous. Many standard Banach spaces have this property, most notably, the space ''C''(''K'') of continuous functions on a [[compact space]] and the space [[Lp space|''L''<sup>1</sup>(''μ'')]] of the Lebesgue integrable functions on a [[measure space]]. [[Alexander Grothendieck]] introduced the concept in the early 1950s {{harv|Grothendieck|1953}}, following the work of [[Dunford]] and Pettis, who developed earlier results of [[Shizuo Kakutani]], [[Kōsaku Yosida]], and several others. Important results were obtained more recently by [[Jean Bourgain]]. Nevertheless, the Dunford–Pettis property is not completely understood. | |||
== Definition == | |||
A Banach space ''X'' has the '''Dunford–Pettis property''' if every continuous weakly [[compact operator]] ''T'': ''X'' → ''Y'' from ''X'' into another Banach space ''Y'' transforms weakly compact sets in ''X'' into norm-compact sets in ''Y'' (such operators are called [[completely continuous]]). An important equivalent definition is that for any [[weak topology|weakly convergent]] [[sequence (mathematics)|sequence]]s (''x''<sub>''n''</sub>) of ''X'' and (''f''<sub>''n''</sub>) of the [[dual space]] ''X''<sup> ∗</sup>, converging (weakly) to ''x'' and ''f'', the sequence ''f''<sub>''n''</sub>(''x''<sub>''n''</sub>) converges to ''f(x)''. | |||
== Counterexamples == | |||
* The second definition may appear counterintuitive at first, but consider an orthonormal basis ''e''<sub>n</sub> of a separable Hilbert space ''H''. Then ''e''<sub>n</sub> → 0 weakly, but for all ''n'', | |||
::<math>\langle e_n, e_n\rangle = 1.</math> | |||
: Thus separable Hilbert spaces cannot have the Dunford–Pettis property. | |||
* Consider as another example the space ''L''<sup>''p''</sup>(−π,π) where 1<''p''<∞. The sequences ''x''<sub>n</sub>=''e''<sup>''inx''</sup> in ''L''<sup>''p''</sup> and ''f''<sub>n</sub>=''e''<sup>''inx''</sup> in ''L''<sup>''q''</sup> = (''L''<sup>''p''</sup>)* both converge weakly to zero. But | |||
:: <math>\langle f_n, x_n \rangle = \int_{-\pi}^\pi 1\, dx = 2\pi.</math> | |||
* More generally, no infinite-dimensional [[reflexive Banach space]] may have the Dunford–Pettis property. In particular, a [[Hilbert space]] and more generally, [[Lp space]]s with 1 < p < ∞ do not possess this property. | |||
== Examples == | |||
* If ''X'' is a [[compact Hausdorff space]], then the Banach space C(''X'') of [[continuous function]]s with the [[uniform norm]] has the Dunford–Pettis property. | |||
== References == | |||
* {{citation|title=On the Dunford–Pettis property|first=Jean|last=Bourgain|authorlink=Jean Bourgain|journal=Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society|volume=81|issue=2|pages=265–272|year=1981|doi=10.2307/2044207|jstor=2044207}} | |||
* {{citation|title=Sur les applications linéaires faiblement compactes d'espaces du type C(K)|journal=Canadian J. Math.|volume=5|year=1953|pages=129–173|first=Alexander|last=Grothendieck|authorlink=Alexander Grothendieck|doi=10.4153/CJM-1953-017-4}} | |||
* {{springer|author=JMF Castillo, SY Shaw|title=Dunford–Pettis property|id=D/d110240}} | |||
* {{citation|title=Köthe-Bochner Function Spaces|first=Pei-Kee|last=Lin|year=2004|publisher=Birkhäuser| | |||
isbn=0-8176-3521-1|url=http://books.google.com/?id=WahnFICUx1AC&pg=PA331&lpg=PA331|oclc=226084233}} | |||
* {{citation|title=Some remarks on the Dunford-Pettis property|journal=[[Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics]]|year=1997|volume=27|issue=4|first=Narcisse|last=Randrianantoanina|url=http://rmmc.asu.edu/abstracts/rmj/vol27-4/nrandpag1.pdf}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunford-Pettis property}} | |||
[[Category:Banach spaces]] |
Revision as of 04:13, 25 November 2013
In functional analysis, the Dunford–Pettis property, named after Nelson Dunford and B. J. Pettis, is a property of a Banach space stating that all weakly compact operators from this space into another Banach space are completely continuous. Many standard Banach spaces have this property, most notably, the space C(K) of continuous functions on a compact space and the space L1(μ) of the Lebesgue integrable functions on a measure space. Alexander Grothendieck introduced the concept in the early 1950s Template:Harv, following the work of Dunford and Pettis, who developed earlier results of Shizuo Kakutani, Kōsaku Yosida, and several others. Important results were obtained more recently by Jean Bourgain. Nevertheless, the Dunford–Pettis property is not completely understood.
Definition
A Banach space X has the Dunford–Pettis property if every continuous weakly compact operator T: X → Y from X into another Banach space Y transforms weakly compact sets in X into norm-compact sets in Y (such operators are called completely continuous). An important equivalent definition is that for any weakly convergent sequences (xn) of X and (fn) of the dual space X ∗, converging (weakly) to x and f, the sequence fn(xn) converges to f(x).
Counterexamples
- The second definition may appear counterintuitive at first, but consider an orthonormal basis en of a separable Hilbert space H. Then en → 0 weakly, but for all n,
- Thus separable Hilbert spaces cannot have the Dunford–Pettis property.
- Consider as another example the space Lp(−π,π) where 1<p<∞. The sequences xn=einx in Lp and fn=einx in Lq = (Lp)* both converge weakly to zero. But
- More generally, no infinite-dimensional reflexive Banach space may have the Dunford–Pettis property. In particular, a Hilbert space and more generally, Lp spaces with 1 < p < ∞ do not possess this property.
Examples
- If X is a compact Hausdorff space, then the Banach space C(X) of continuous functions with the uniform norm has the Dunford–Pettis property.
References
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Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.
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Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.
15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.
To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010 - Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.
Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.
In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.
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15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.
To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010