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In [[particle physics]] experiments a '''detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light''' (DIRC) detector measures the [[velocity]] of [[charged particle]]s and is used for [[particle identification]]. It is a design of a [[ring imaging Cherenkov detector]] where [[Cherenkov radiation|Cherenkov light]] that is contained by [[total internal reflection]] inside the solid radiator has its angular information preserved until it reaches the light sensors at the detector perimeter.
 
[[File:DIRC Schema01 2009-08-13.svg|thumb|right|The Cherenkov light is following a zigzag path between parallel surfaces. The light detectors would be positioned to the right.]]
 
A charged particle travelling through a material (for instance [[quartz]]) with a speed greater than c/n (n  [[refractive index]], c [[speed of light|vacuum speed of light]]) emits Cherenkov radiation. If the light angle on the surface is sufficiently shallow, this radiation is contained inside and transmitted through internal reflections to a stand-off box which contains [[photomultiplier]]s (or other types of photon detectors) to measure the angle. Preserving the angle requires a precise planar or rectangular cross section of the radiator. Knowledge of the angle at which the radiation was produced, combined with the track angle and the particle's momentum (measured in a tracking detector like a [[drift chamber]]) may be used to calculate the particle's mass.
 
A DIRC was first proposed by [[Blair Ratcliff]] as a tool for particle identification at a [[B-Factory]], and the design was first used by the [[BaBar experiment|BaBar]] collaboration at [[SLAC]]. The DIRC differs from earlier [[ring-imaging Cherenkov detector|RICH]] and [[CRID (detector)|CRID]] Cherenkov light detectors in that the quartz bars used as radiators also transmit the light.  
<!--
provided that <math>n \beta > 1</math> (where ''n'' is the [[index of refraction]] in the quartz
and <math>\beta = v/c</math> is the particle's velocity measured in c)
-->
 
== See also ==
* [http://www.slac.stanford.edu/BFROOT/www/Detector/DIRC/PID.html BaBar DIRC homepage]
*{{cite journal
|author=
|year=2003
|title=Imaging rings in Ring Imaging Cherenkov counters
|journal=[[Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A]]
|volume=502 |pages=211–221
|dpo=
|doi=10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00276-6
|last1=Ratcliff
|first1=B
|bibcode = 2003NIMPA.502..211R }}
* {{cite journal|author1= C Lu |author2=  D Marlow |author3=  C Mindas |year=1996|title= Detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light, results from the BELLE DIRC prototype |journal= Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors | volume=371|pages= 82–86 |url= http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0168900295012567 |doi=10.1016/0168-9002(95)01256-7}}
* {{cite journal|author1= P. Coyle |author2=  H. Kawahara |author3= A. Lu |year=1994 |title= The DIRC counter: a new type of particle identification device for B factories | volume=343|pages= 292–299|url= http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0168900294905681 |doi=10.1016/0168-9002(94)90568-1}}
* {{cite web| author1= H. Salazar|author2= E. Moreno |author3=  T. Murrieta |title= Detection of Cherenkov Photons with Multi-Anode Photomultipliers |url= http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0168900294905681}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Detection Of Internally Reflected Cherenkov Light}}
[[Category:Particle physics]]

Revision as of 15:38, 1 December 2012

Template:No footnotes

In particle physics experiments a detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) detector measures the velocity of charged particles and is used for particle identification. It is a design of a ring imaging Cherenkov detector where Cherenkov light that is contained by total internal reflection inside the solid radiator has its angular information preserved until it reaches the light sensors at the detector perimeter.

File:DIRC Schema01 2009-08-13.svg
The Cherenkov light is following a zigzag path between parallel surfaces. The light detectors would be positioned to the right.

A charged particle travelling through a material (for instance quartz) with a speed greater than c/n (n refractive index, c vacuum speed of light) emits Cherenkov radiation. If the light angle on the surface is sufficiently shallow, this radiation is contained inside and transmitted through internal reflections to a stand-off box which contains photomultipliers (or other types of photon detectors) to measure the angle. Preserving the angle requires a precise planar or rectangular cross section of the radiator. Knowledge of the angle at which the radiation was produced, combined with the track angle and the particle's momentum (measured in a tracking detector like a drift chamber) may be used to calculate the particle's mass.

A DIRC was first proposed by Blair Ratcliff as a tool for particle identification at a B-Factory, and the design was first used by the BaBar collaboration at SLAC. The DIRC differs from earlier RICH and CRID Cherenkov light detectors in that the quartz bars used as radiators also transmit the light.

See also

  • BaBar DIRC homepage
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    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

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    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

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  • One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

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    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
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